Fibroadenoma Research Articles

Epidemiological Profile of Breast Fibroadenoma in a Sample of Iraqi Women Attending Breast Clinic at Al-Imamaein Al-Kadhimaein Medical City in Baghdad/Iraq

Abstract Background: Fibroadenoma, a type of fibroma, is the most common benign neoplasm found in the breast. It is predicted that around 10% of females globally may experience the development of fibroadenoma at some stage in their lives. Fibroids seldom become malignancies, about 5% of all cases. Fibroadenoma etiology is uncertain. However, levels of estrogen influence fibroadenomas. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to explore the epidemiological aspects of breast fibroadenoma. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the breast examination clinic at Al-Imamaein Al-Kadhimaein Medical City in Baghdad/Iraq. It included 260 female participants aged 15–35 years, diagnosed by specialists with breast fibroadenoma. A modified four-part questionnaire was used to obtain data from participants which includes sociodemographic, breast fibroadenoma risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnostic intervention. Results: Participants had a mean age of 27.3 ± 6.05 years. It was found that 37.7% of participants were overweight women, 35.8% had a family history of fibroadenoma. The most common presentation was pain presented in 38.1%. Conclusions: The fibroadenomas that developed in the current study sample tended to increase in the second and third decades, notably among nulliparous and nonlactating women. Most participants were overweight with left-sided pain and lumps.

Spectrum of Unusual Cytomorphology of Axillary Swellings: A Series of Four Cases

The axilla is a triangular area situated anatomically beneath the shoulder joint, between the upper arm and thorax. It contains lymph nodes and numerous non lymphatic tissues such as neurovascular structures, muscle, and fat. Axillary swellings can arise from any of these mesenchymal soft tissues. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is the first-line investigative technique widely used in evaluating axillary swellings, as it is a simple outpatient procedure that causes minimal complications, unlike core biopsy, which is invasive and carries a high-risk of bleeding. Hereby, the authors present a case series of four unusual cases: bilateral accessory breast tissue (32-year-old female), bilateral galactocele (28-year-old female), unilateral galactocele (24-year-old female), and fibroadenoma (35-year-old female) in the axilla, all of which were cytomorphologically diagnosed with the aid of FNAC. Axillary lumps can present with a variety of unusual lesions and can pose a significant diagnostic challenge to a clinicians. Although histopathology of the biopsy of the lesion remains the gold standard, clinical features along with imaging can aid in the diagnosis with better patient compliance.

Clinicopathological study of benign breast diseases in Bundelkhand regions

Background: Benign breast diseases are a neglected entity despite the fact that it constitutes the majority of breast complaints and that the vast majority of the lesions that occur in the breast are benign. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to analyze the percentage of incidence, age distribution, and other associated factors of benign breast diseases. Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted on 100 cases of benign breast diseases in Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, between January 2021 and June 2022. Results: Lump was found in all participants (100%) in which incidence of painless and painful lump was for 94% and 6%, respectively. 6% lump was found to be associated with non-cyclical mastalgia and 2% lump had having association with discharge. Milky discharge (1%) was found in the case of galactocele and serous discharge (1%) was found in duct ectasia. Benign breast diseases were found most commonly in premenopausal women (97%) in comparison to post-menopausal women (3%). Breast lump was investigated by fine needle aspiration cytology which was consistent with a lump of fibroadenoma and fibroadenosis in 95% of cases. Rest 5% of breast lumps were non-consistent. 90% of cases were found of fibroadenoma. All patients underwent surgical line of management except for fibroadenosis which was managed conservatively. Cases of breast abscess, fibroadenoma, duct ectasia, and galactocele admitted in hospital, for which mean hospital stay was 4.28 plus or minus 6.21 days. Conclusion: The most common benign breast disease encountered in clinical practice is fibroadenoma followed by fibroadenosis. They are most common in 15–25-year age group and its presentation is found to be more in married woman.

Giant juvenile fibroadenoma in a 15-year-old Nigerian female: A case report with review of literature

Introduction
 Breast mases in female adolescents are rare and consist mainly of developmental lesions and benign tumours.1 The benign tumours seen are mostly fibroadenoma which is the most common breast tumour seen in adolescent females.2 It may present as solitary or multicentric tumour.3 It may also vary in size and is designated as giant juvenile fibroadenoma “GJF” if it is greater than 5cm, 500g or replaces at least 80% of the breast tissue.3 GJF accounts for 1-8% of breast lesions in the adolescent population.3,4 Overall, giant fibroadenoma accounts for 0.5-2% of all fibroadenomas.4 We present a case of GJF in a 15-year-old female who was managed in our clinical setting.

Immunoexpression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in fibroepithelial tumors of the breast

Background: Phyllodes tumors and fibroadenomas are groups of fibroepithelial tumors in the breast that have different therapeutic approaches due to their rate of progression. The observed phenomenon can be attributed to the proclivity for recurrence and shared histologic characteristics, particularly within the fibroadenoma (FAs), benign phyllodes and borderline phyllodes. It's pathomechanism is undetermined yet. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is one of the genes thought to play a role in the pathomechanism of this tumor.Objective: This study aimed to determine the comparison of hTERT immunoexpression in the most common fibroepithelial tumor types.Methods: This research was an analytic observational study with cross sectional method. The samples used were FAs and phyllodes tumors (PTs) which were divided according to the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Histopathological examination was conducted on paraffin-embedded tissue blocks with FAs and PTs. Staining was performed using immunohistochemistry techniques with hTERT antibodies. Results: A total of 69 samples were obtained consisting of 26 FAs, 17 benign PTs, 16 borderline PTs, and 10 malignant PTs. A significant difference was found in the loss of hTERT expression in fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumors in various grades. There was a positive correlation between hTERT immunoexpression and tumor type in this study (p= 0.0001). Conclusion: There were significant changes in hTERT immunoexpression in fibroepithelial tumors, suggesting a role for hTERT in the pathomechanism of breast fibroepithelial tumors can be considered.

Fibroadenoma of the Breast Occurring Synchronously in Twin Sisters- A Case Report

<p>Fibroadenomas (FAs) are the most common benign tumors of the breast in young females. Most of the time, it presents as a well-circumscribed, painless, firm to hard, mobile, and slow-growing unilateral or bilateral breast lump. The median age of its presentation is 25 years with rare occurrence after menopause. The exact etiology of FA is still unclear. Unopposed estrogen in the growing breasts of young females is considered as a main factor in its pathogenesis. Family history and development of FA in identical twins are suggestive of genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of these tumors.</p>
 <p>This is a case report of young twin sisters who presented at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore with a complaint of a synchronously developed unilateral breast lump. Fine needle aspiration cytology was planned after taking a detailed history and clinical examination of both patients. Diagnosis of FA was confirmed radiologically and through cytological examination. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of its kind reported from Pakistan.</p>

Categorization of fibroepithelial breast tumors according to ultrasound BI-RADS classification

Among breast masses, the most common are fibroadenomas (FA), which belongs to the group of a fibroepithelial tumors. Simple pericanalicular FA ordinarily shows the ultrasound signs of a benign mass. Long-standing pericanalicular FA and intracanalicular FA as they grow acquire some ultrasound features uncommon for benign lesions, which requires differential diagnosis with malignant breast masses. The group of fibroepithelial breast tumors also includes phyllodes tumors with frequency of malignant variants of 20–30%. Differential diagnosis of phyllodes tumor and fibroadenomas is difficult, due to the lack of the clear radiologic diagnostic criteria (incl. ultrasound). All breast masses that shows suspicious or atypical features should be selected for biopsy, with the use of BI-RADS classification for the biopsy need indication.Objective: to reveal the rules for fibroepithelial breast tumors categorization according to BI-RADS depending on the ultrasound features.Material and methods. A total of 86 breast masses in 79 women were assessed by ultrasound in B-mode and Color Doppler (CDI). Of these, 22 masses in 15 women showed the typical ultrasound pattern of FA up to 2.0 cm in size with no necessary of morphological evaluation (the average age of the patients was 24.2 ± 5.1 years). Surgery performed for 64 lesions ≥2.0 cm in size, postsurgery morphological examination revealed pericanalicular FA – 38, intracanalicular FA –19 and phyllodes tumors (benign) – 7.Results. The majority of atypical pericanalicular FA (84.2%) were categorized as BI-RADS 4а (a low risk of cancer), 94.7% of intracanalicular fibroadenomas and all phyllodes tumors – as BI-RADS 4b and BI-RADS 4c (а high risk of cancer). The identification of suspicious ultrasound signs led to an increase in the BI-RADS category with indications to the morphological evaluation of the mass.Conclusion. As the suspicious ultrasound signs in B-mode should be considered the irregular shape and borders, vertical orientation and inhomogeneous acoustic shadowing in the absence of macrocalcifications, in Color Doppler – diffuse or focal mass hypervascularity or abnormal vascular pattern. The atypical ultrasound pattern commonly presents in large breast fibroadenomas (>3.0 cm in size), requires differential diagnosis with phyllodes tumors and breast cancer and indicates the need of morphological evaluation and categorizing them as not lower than BI-RADS4.

A hematological parameter-based model for distinguishing non-puerperal mastitis from invasive ductal carcinoma.

Non-puerperal mastitis (NPM) accounts for approximately 4-5% of all benign breast lesions. Ultrasound is the preferred method for screening breast diseases; however, similarities in imaging results can make it challenging to distinguish NPM from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Our objective was to identify convenient and objective hematological markers to distinguish NPM from IDC. We recruited 89 patients with NPM, 88 with IDC, and 86 with fibroadenoma (FA), and compared their laboratory data at the time of admission. LASSO regression, univariate logistic regression, and multivariate logistic regression were used to screen the parameters for construction of diagnostic models. Receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curves were constructed to evaluate the accuracy of this model. We found significant differences in routine laboratory data between patients with NPM and IDC, and these indicators were candidate biomarkers for distinguishing between the two diseases. Additionally, we evaluated the ability of some classic hematological markers reported in previous studies to differentiate between NPM and IDC, and the results showed that these indicators are not ideal biomarkers. Furthermore, through rigorous LASSO and logistic regression, we selected age, white blood cell count, and thrombin time to construct a differential diagnostic model that exhibited a high level of discrimination, with an area under the curve of 0.912 in the training set and with 0.851 in the validation set. Furthermore, using the same selection method, we constructed a differential diagnostic model for NPM and FA, which also demonstrated good performance with an area under the curve of 0.862 in the training set and with 0.854 in the validation set. Both of these two models achieved AUCs higher than the AUCs of models built using machine learning methods such as random forest, decision tree, and SVM in both the training and validation sets. Certain laboratory parameters on admission differed significantly between the NPM and IDC groups, and the constructed model was designated as a differential diagnostic marker. Our analysis showed that it has acceptable efficiency in distinguishing NPM from IDC and may be employed as an auxiliary diagnostic tool.

A Comprehensive Review of Breast Fibroadenoma: Correlating Clinical and Pathological Findings.

Breast fibroadenomas, common benign conditions, exhibit distinct clinical and histopathological features. This review highlights clinical presentation and histology correlations, providing insights for healthcare providers. Palpable masses, pain, and changes in breast appearance align with glandular and stromal components, emphasizing accurate diagnosis. Mammography, ultrasound, and MRI guide tailored treatment decisions. Challenges in differentiating atypical fibroadenomas highlight the need for meticulous histopathological evaluation. Clinical implications stress patient-centered care, shared decision-making, and ongoing follow-up. Future research focuses on genetic investigations and long-term studies. A multidisciplinary approach to breast fibroadenomas ensures comprehensive care for improved outcomes in both medical and emotional aspects.

Overview of Breast Examination Screening in Labuhan Haji and Pengadangan Village East Lombok Regency

Breast lump is a condition that is often experienced by many women. Breast cancer is ranked second after cervical cancer which is most common suffered by women in the world. This article was written with the aim of early detection of breast lumps and the number of cancer cases. The subject of this study was a ≥18-year-old woman in Labuhan Haji Village and Pengadangan East Lombok Regency. This study used a non-analytical obssional descriptive method using a cross-sectional study. The data that has been obtained will be analyzed descriptively in the form of diagrams. The results of this study can be concluded ingeneral that the type of lump neoplasma found FAM (Fibroadenoma) which is as many as 7 respondents compared to other types of tumors. The type of non-neoplasma lump that was found in this study was Fibrocystic disease or commonly called fibrostic as many as 6 respondents. Mammae aberans were found in this study, namely as many as 2 respondents aged 53 and 60 years. Ductal Carcinoma or breast cancer with ductal type as many as 1 respondent with the age of 60 years. Ginecomastia there was 1 male respondent aged 33 years.Each tumor in the breast has a tendency to occur in a certain age range and each tumor in the breast has a type of benign and malignant tumor.

Case study on 19-year-old female with Mc-Cune Albright syndrome

McCune-Albright syndrome is a genetic condition that affects your skin, bones and endocrine system (endocrine organs). It causes scars on bones, skin pigmentation and elevated function of growth-regulating hormonal glands. This can be mild in few people and quite severe to life-threatening in others. This syndrome can affect any age group of people like children, adults and old population due to some genetic mutations. These mutations can be sudden and unpredictable. We have come across a rare case called McCune-Albright syndrome where a 19-year-old female presented with chief complaints of lump in left breast associated with pus discharge sine a week. There have been changes in the skin and there is no history of retraction of nipple and any swelling in axilla, neck and opposite breast. Patient has gone to the doctor when she found a lump one month back, doctor has advised some of the diagnostic tests but she completely ignored and after one month she came to the hospital and has been admitted in the general ward. She was treated with vitamin supplements, antibiotics, antacids, NSAIDS.). The surgery procedure is simple mastectomy of left breast. This is done due to the fibro adenoma present in left breast. The patient was recovered in 10 days.

Age Prevalence and Management of Breast Fibroadenoma At a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: A Five Year (2016-2020) Analytical Review

Age Prevalence and Management of Breast Fibroadenoma At a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: A Five Year (2016-2020) Analytical Review

Imaging and Management of Fibroepithelial Lesions of the Breast: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

Fibroepithelial lesions (FELs) are among the most common breast masses encountered by breast radiologists and pathologists. They encompass a spectrum of benign and malignant lesions, including fibroadenomas (FAs) and phyllodes tumors (PTs). FAs are typically seen in young premenopausal women, with a peak incidence at 20-30 years of age, and have imaging features of oval circumscribed hypoechoic masses. Although some FA variants are especially sensitive to hormonal influences and can exhibit rapid growth (eg, juvenile FA and lactational adenomas), most simple FAs are slow growing and involute after menopause. PTs can be benign, borderline, or malignant and are more common in older women aged 40-50 years. PTs usually manifest as enlarging palpable masses and are associated with a larger size and sometimes with an irregular shape at imaging compared with FAs. Although FA and FA variants are typically managed conservatively unless large and symptomatic, PTs are surgically excised because of the risk of undersampling at percutaneous biopsy and the malignant potential of borderline and malignant PTs. As a result of the overlap in imaging and histologic appearances, FELs can present a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist and pathologist. Radiologists can facilitate accurate diagnosis by supplying adequate tissue sampling and including critical information for the pathologist at the time of biopsy. Understanding the spectrum of FELs can facilitate and guide appropriate radiologic-pathologic correlation and timely diagnosis and management of PTs. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Online supplemental material is available for this article. Quiz questions for this article are available through the Online Learning Center.

Crioablación de tumores de mama

Cryoablation is a percutaneous thermal ablation technique developed to destroy focal groups of cells using extreme cold. It is an outpatient and image-guided procedure, performed under local anaesthesia, with typically short recovery times and good outcomes. Percutaneous cryoablation has good success rates for treating breast fibroadenomas. It is used in cases of malignant tumours mainly when a patient refuses surgery or is not considered to be a suitable candidate. Some studies indicate that cryoablation could be as effective and safe as lumpectomy in cases of low-risk early-stage breast cancer. Moreover, some studies have reported a regression of metastatic foci after ablation of a primary tumour thanks to an anti-tumour immune response stimulated by cryoablation. This article describes the technique and its indications with regards to breast tumours according to the existing literature.

Precise diagnosis of breast phyllodes tumors using Raman spectroscopy: Biochemical fingerprint, tumor metabolism and possible mechanism

BackgroundBreast fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors are both fibroepithelial tumors with comparable histological characteristics. However, rapid and precise differential diagnosis is a tough point in clinical pathology. Given the tendency of phyllodes tumors to recur, the difficulty in differential diagnosis with fibroadenomas leads to the difficulty in optimal management for these patients. MethodIn this study, we used Raman spectroscopy to differentiate phyllodes tumors from breast fibroadenomas based on the biochemical and metabolic composition and develop a classification model. The model was validated by 5-fold cross-validation in the training set and tested in an independent test set. The potential metabolic differences between the two types of tumors observed in Raman spectroscopy were confirmed by targeted metabolomic analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). ResultsA total of 204 patients with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples, including 100 fibroadenomas and 104 phyllodes tumors were recruited from April 2014 to August 2021. All patients were randomly divided into the training cohort (n = 153) and the test cohort (n = 51). The Raman classification model could differentiate phyllodes tumor versus fibroadenoma with cross-validation accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and area under curve (AUC) of 85.58 % ± 1.77 %, 83.82 % ± 1.01 %, 87.65 % ± 4.22 %, and 93.18 % ± 1.98 %, respectively. When tested in the independent test set, it performed well with the test accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of 83.50 %, 86.54 %, 80.39 %, and 90.71 %. Furthermore, the AUC was significantly higher for the Raman model than that for ultrasound (P = 0.0017) and frozen section diagnosis (P < 0.0001). When it came to much more difficult diagnosis between fibroadenoma and benign or small-size phyllodes tumor for pathological examination, the Raman model was capable of differentiating with AUC up to 97.45 % and 95.61 %, respectively. On the other hand, targeted metabolomic analysis, based on fresh-frozen tissue samples, confirmed the differential metabolites (including thymine, dihydrothymine, trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline, etc.) identified from Raman spectra between phyllodes tumor and fibroadenoma. Significance and noveltyIn this study, we obtained the molecular information map of breast phyllodes tumors provided by Raman spectroscopy for the first time. We identified a novel Raman fingerprint signature with the potential to precisely characterize and distinguish phyllodes tumors from fibroadenoma as a quick and accurate diagnostic tool. Raman spectroscopy is expected to further guide the precise diagnosis and optimal treatment of breast fibroepithelial tumors in the future.

Ayurvedic management of Stangranthi w.s.r. to Fibroadenoma of Breast: A Case Study

According to Ayurveda, Breast CA can be correlated to Granthi explained by many Acharya’s which is developing due to abnormal vitiation of Dosha and Dushya. According to Acharya Charaka, Granthi can be equated with all types of small-sized glandular or nodular swelling in any part of the body due to benign tumours or cysts. There is no direct reference for Stana Granthi but Maansaja Granthi occurs in Stana is having a close resemblance with fibroadenoma of the breast. So, in the present study, a patient with fibroadenoma was successfully treated by Ayurvedic management from Cap Boheco Peace, Raspachak Yoga, Kanchanar Guggul and Abhyanga with Chandanabala Lakshadi Taila which got the significant result.

MS-CFNet: a multi-scale clinical studying-based and feature extraction-guided network for breast fibroadenoma segmentation in ultrasonography.

Segmenting breast tumors in ultrasonography is challenging due to the low image quality and presence of artifacts. Radiologists' studying and diagnosis skills are integrated with artificial intelligence to establish a clinical learning-based deep learning network in order to robustly extract and delineate features of breast fibroadenoma. The spatial local feature contrast (SLFC) module captures overall tumor contours, while the channel recursive gated attention (CRGA) module enhances edge perception through high-dimensional information interaction. Additionally, full-scale feature fusion and enhanced deep supervision are applied to improve model stability and performance. To achieve smoother boundaries, we introduce a new loss function (cosh-smooth) that penalizes and finely tunes tumor edges. Our dataset comprises 1016 clinical ultrasound images of breast fibroadenoma with labeled masks, alongside a publicly available dataset of 246 ones. Segmentation performance is evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and mean intersection over union (MIOU). Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed MS-CFNet outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Compared to TransUNet as a baseline model, MS-CFNet improves by 1.47% in DSC and 2.56% in MIOU. The promising result of MS-CFNet is attributed to the integration of radiologists' clinical diagnosis procedure and the bionic mindset, enhancing the network's ability to recognize and segment breast fibroadenomas effectively.

Juvenile fibroadenoma of breast: A case report

Juvenile fibroadenoma of breast: A case report

Fibroadenoma of axillary supernumerary breast evaluation and treatment

Supernumerary breast is a congenital anomaly of the breast and found in 2% to 6% of the general population. The most frequent site of a supernumerary breast is the axilla (60-70%). We are discussing a case with fibroadenoma in axillary supernumerary breast in a 40 year multiparous lady with history of fibroadenoma in opposite breast. There was diagnostic dilemma due to unusual presentation of common benign breast finding in supernumerary breast. Diagnosis of fibroadenoma confirmed with excision and tissue histopathology. Supernumerary breast tissue may undergo all pathologic changes that occur in normally positioned breasts. Fibroadenoma has been rarely described in supernumerary breast tissues. Any lump in axilla must be evaluated with suspicion as carcinoma arising in the ectopic breast tissue has poorer prognosis due to difficult evaluation, early lymph node involvement and more difficult surgical excision. Fibroadenoma of axillary supernumerary breast is rare condition but its evolution and excision in case for confirm diagnosis is necessary to rule out any malignancy.

A prospective comparative study of preoperative and postoperative clinicopathological correlation of fibroadenoma of breast: A study protocol

Fibroadenoma of the breast most often arises during the late teens and early reproductive years. It is the most prevalent tumor in women &lt; 30 years. After the age of 40 to 45, fibroadenomas are rarely observed as new masses in women. Fibroadenomas are made up of both epithelial and stromal components. Fibroadenoma is the most frequent type of breast tumor. It is crucial to diagnose preoperatively, both clinically and pathologically, by using F.N.A.C. Postoperatively, Fibroadenoma is confirmed histopathology. However, malignant transformation is very rare in Fibroadenoma of the breast. Early identification, accurate analysis, and appropriate management are advantageous. The current study's goal is to examine preoperative and postoperative clinicopathological aspects of Fibroadenoma and to assess any differences between preoperative and postoperative diagnosis in patients admitted to Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.