Fibrinogen Levels In Patients Research Articles

Blood Viscosity in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Roles of Hyperglycemia and Elevated Plasma Fibrinogen.

The viscosity of blood is an indicator in the understanding and treatment of disease. An elevated blood viscosity has been demonstrated in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), which might represent a risk factor for cardiovascular complications. However, the roles of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and plasma fibrinogen levels on the elevated blood viscosity in subjects with T2DM at different chronic glycemic conditions are still not clear. Here, we evaluate the relationship between the blood viscosity and HbA1c as well as plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with T2DM. The experimental data show that the mean values of the T2DM blood viscosity are higher in groups with higher HbA1c levels, but the correlation between the T2DM blood viscosity and the HbA1c level is not obvious. Instead, when we investigate the influence of plasma fibrinogen level on the blood viscosity in T2DM subjects, we find that the T2DM blood viscosity is significantly and positively correlated with the plasma fibrinogen level. Further, to probe the combined effects of multiple factors (including the HbA1c and plasma fibrinogen levels) on the altered blood viscosity in T2DM, we regroup the experimental data based on the T2DM blood viscosity values at both the low and high shear rates, and our results suggest that the influence of the elevated HbA1c level on blood viscosity is quite limited, although it is an important indicator of glycemic control in T2DM patients. Instead, the elevated blood hematocrit, the enhanced red blood cell (RBC) aggregation induced by the increased plasma fibrinogen level, and the reduced RBC deformation play key roles in the determination of blood viscosity in T2DM. Together, these experimental results are helpful in identifying the key determinants for the altered T2DM blood viscosity, which can be used in future studies of the hemorheological disturbances of T2DM patients.

Correlation Analysis between the Level of Coagulation Function and Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head

To explore the correlation analysis between the level of coagulation function and osteonecrosis of femoral head is the main objective of the study. Osteonecrosis of femoral head is the end point of the disease process due to inadequate blood flow and osteonecrosis of bone tissue, and later in the disease, femoral head collapse, arthritis or even hip replacement surgery may be required. Therefore, it is called avascular necrosis of femoral head and is a common and intractable disease in orthopedics clinic. According to statistics, there are about 7.5~10 million patients with osteonecrosis of femoral head in our country and the number of new cases is up to 300 000 every year. It is seen mostly in people aged 30-50 y and about half involve bilateral femoral heads. Its pathogenesis is influenced by many factors and complex mechanisms, and osteonecrosis of femoral head is most commonly caused by trauma, corticosteroid and alcohol use, but is also associated with blood metabolic disorders and coagulation disorders. To evaluate the relationship between prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and fibrinogen levels in patients with osteonecrosis of femoral head. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen levels were independent risk factors for the development of osteonecrosis of femoral head and all of them were risk factors; that is, the lower the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time levels, the higher the fibrinogen level and the higher the risk of osteonecrosis of femoral head occurrence.

Study of Levels of Plasma Fibrinogen and its Association with Disease Severity in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD has been recognized as a component of the systemic inflammatory syndrome. A commonly used indicator of the severity and progression of the disease in COPD is expiratory volume per second (FEV1). However, it is weakly associated with symptoms and administration difficulties in elderly patients. Therefore, there is a need for other markers that are better and easy to apply to sick and elderly patients. Plasma fibrinogen can be used as a marker of disease severity. Aim: To estimate the plasma fibrinogen level in patients with COPD and Relationship of levels of plasma fibrinogen with the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using the BODE classification and GOLD staging. Place and Duration: In the Medicine Unit-II of Jinnah Hospital Lahore for one-year duration from August 2020 to August 2021. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 110 COPD patients were assessed by measuring plasma fibrinogen correlated with disease severity using the GOLD scale, BODE index and the 6-minute walk test. Results: Plasma fibrinogen is present in all COPD patients. A significant correlation was observed between the BODE index (r = 0.69, p <0.001), gold grading (r = 0.95, p <0.001) and plasma fibrinogen levels. Most of the 110 subjects (34.5%) were Grade II, then Grade III 30.9%, 18.1% Grade IV and 14.5% Grade I. In our study, it was found that the average level of fibrinogen increased with the increase in the GOLD stage, which was statistically significant, and the p value was 0.01. Conclusions: Plasma fibrinogen levels are significantly higher in COPD and can be used as a marker correlating with disease severity in COPD. Keywords: COPD; plasma fibrinogen; GOLDEN stage; BODE index.

Quantification and Characterisation of Nano-Sized Particles in Cryoprecipitate Units

BackgroundCryoprecipitate is an important blood product derived from fresh frozen plasma. It is primarily used to replenish fibrinogen levels in patients. Currently, there is a lack of studies characterising nano-sized particles, including extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cryoprecipitate. EVs play a key role in cell-to-cell communication in physiological and pathological conditions, through the transference of their bioactive cargo such as proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. This study utilised modern techniques such as nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to characterise these EVs.MethodsWe obtained ten individual cryoprecipitate units and determined their particle concentration and size distribution using optimised NTA parameters on the Nanosight NS300 instrument.To prevent blockage of the Nanosight's micro-fluidics, samples are routinely filtered before sample injection. Therefore, we wanted to investigate if different filter materials could impact NTA measurements for cryoprecipitate. Samples were filtered with either regenerated cellulose (RC) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), with non-filtered samples as control. A one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was used to compare the particle parameters (particle concentration, mean, mode). Significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsThe results showed that different cryoprecipitate units varied in their particle concentration and size, with an average concentration of 2.501 x 10 11 ± 1.098 x 10 11 particles per mL and a particle mean of 133.8 ± 7.5 nm and mode of 107.9 ±11.06 nm. In addition, only samples filtered using RC were there no significant changes in the measured particle parameters (particle concentration, p=0.936; mean, p=0.999; mode, p=0.996) compared to the non-filtered samples. A significant difference was observed in the mean of particle size between PTFE and RC filters (112.7 ± 6.033 nm, 42 133.8 ± 7.503 nm, p =<0.0001) and between PTFE and non-filtered (112.7 ± 6.033 nm, 133.7 ± 13.63 nm, p =0.0015). PTFE significantly reduced the particle mean compared to both RC and non-filtered.ConclusionsOur findings revealed that NTA could be used as a novel method to measure particles in cryoprecipitate. Furthermore, RC filters are compatible with quantitative NTA analysis compared to PTFE filters. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Endothelial dysfunction in patients with hereditary spherocytosis and b-thalassemia

Patients with hereditary spherocytosis and b-Thalassemia are characterized by the increased risk of thrombosis. The early manifestation of thrombotic complications can occur even in childhood especially after surgery. Hypercoagulability can be associated with endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the hemostatic state and endothelial function in children with hereditary spherocytosis and b-thalassemia. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. The hemostatic status of 18 children (10 boys and 8 girls from 1 to 13 years) with hereditary spherocytosis and of 8 children (4 boys and 4 girls from 3 to 8 years) with b-thalassemia was assessed using clotting times (activated partial thromboplastin time – APTT, thrombin time – TT, prothrombin time PT), fibrinogen levels and markers of endothelium dysfunction: endothelin-1 and thrombomodulin levels. Patients with hereditary spherocytosis were divided into 2 groups: during the hemolytic crisis (11 patients) and without the hemolytic crisis (7 patients). Patients with b-Thalassemia were divided into 3 groups: b-thalassemia major, b-thalassemia intermedia and b-thalassemia minor. APTT, TT and PT were not changed significantly between groups. We find the decreased fibrinogen levels in patients with severe condition: in hereditary spherocytosis patients during hemolytic crisis (1.9 ± 0.3 ng/ml with normal range 2–3.9 ng/ml) and in b-thalassemia major patients (1.8 ± 0.3 ng/ml with normal range 2–3.9 ng/ml). This could be caused by consumption of fibrinogen during acute hemolysis. The Thrombomodulin levels were increased in all hereditary spherocytosis patients, but median value was higher in group with hemolytic crisis (6665 pg/ml vs 5976 pg/ml with ormal value 275–909 pg/ml) indicating endothelium dysfunction and activation of blood clotting. In b-thalassemia patients Thrombomodulin levels were more elevated in b-thalassemia major and b-thalassemia intermedia (6389 ± 537 pg/ml и 6804 ± 120 pg/ml) compared to b-thalassemia minor (2727 ± 213 pg/ml) which is still higher than normal range. Endothelin-1 levels were elevated on 55% with hereditary spherocytosis patients during crisis vs 43% without. In general Endothelin-1 levels were more elevated in b-thalassemia patients (were normal in b-thalassemia minor) vs hereditary spherocytosis patients (2.33 ± 2.89 fmol/ml vs 0.95 ± 0.35 fmol/ml). Thrombomodulin and endothelin-1 levels revealed endothelium dysfunction in children with hemolysis. More dramatic changes observed in severe condition: in hereditary spherocytosis patients during hemolytic crisis and in b-thalassemia major and b-thalassemia intermedia patients.

The clinical significance of preoperative serum fibrinogen levels and platelet counts in patients with gallbladder carcinoma

BackgroundGallbladder carcinoma (GBC) was the most common malignancy of biliary tract. Patients with malignancies frequently present with activated coagulation pathways, which might potentially related to tumor progression and prognosis. The purpose of the study was to investigate the clinical significance of preoperative serum fibrinogen levels and platelet counts in GBC patients.Methods The preoperative fasting serum fibrinogen levels and platelet counts of 58 patients with GBC were measured by AUV2700 automatic biochemical analyzer, as well as 60 patients with cholesterol polyps and 60 healthy volunteers. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was applied to show the correction between fibrinogen levels and outcome after surgery.ResultsThe fibrinogen levels of patients with GBC were significantly higher than healthy gallbladder and cholesterol polyp of gallbladder (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). In GBC, fibrinogen levels were associated with tumor depth (p = 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.002), distant metastasis (p < 0.001) and Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage (p < 0.001). The levels in TNM stage IV disease were significantly higher than stage III or stage I + II disease (p = 0.048 and p < 0.001, respectively), and in TNM stage III disease were significantly higher than stage I + II disease (p = 0.002). Furthermore, the overall survival was better in low fibrinogen level group than in high fibrinogen level group (p < 0.001). However, thrombocytosis was not significantly associated with overall survivals (p > 0.05) in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe preoperative serum fibrinogen levels and platelet counts might be reliable biomarkers for the occurance of disease, tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and advanced TNM stage in patients with GBC. The serum fibrinogen levels might be a prognostic factor to predict outcome for GBC patients suffering from surgery treatment. Anticoagulation therapy might be considered to control cancer progression in future studies.

Evaluation of the relationship between KIM-1 and suPAR levels and clinical severity in COVID-19 patients: A different perspective on suPAR.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is one of the most pressing health problems of this century, but our knowledge of the disease is still limited. In this study, we aimed to examine serum‐soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM‐1) levels based on the clinical course of COVID‐19. Our study included 102 patients over the age of 18 who were diagnosed as having COVID‐19 between September 2020 and December 2020 and a control group of 50 health workers over the age of 18 whose severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) PCR results were negative. KIM‐1 was measured by ELISA and suPAR by suPARnostic™ assay. Analysis of previously identified variables of prognostic significance in COVID‐19 revealed high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, lactose dehydrogenase, prothrombin time, C‐reactive protein, PaO2/FiO2, D‐dimer, ferritin, and fibrinogen levels in patients with severe disease (p < 0.05 for all). KIM‐1 and suPAR levels were significantly higher in COVID‐19 patients compared to the control group (p = 0.001 for all). KIM‐1 level was higher in severe patients compared to moderate patients (p = 0.001), while suPAR level was lower (p = 0.001). KIM‐1, which is believed to play an important role in the endocytosis of SARS‐CoV‐2, was elevated in patients with severe COVID‐19 and may be a therapeutic target in the future. SuPAR may have a role in defense mechanism and fibrinolysis, and low levels in severe patients may be associated with poor prognosis in the early period.

Патогенетические механизмы развития гипофибриногенемии при COVID-19

Введение. Коагулопатия у пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19 имеет важное значение в течении и прогнозе заболевания. Типичными проявлениями коагулопатии в острой фазе болезни является склонность к гиперкоагуляции, гиперфибриногенемии и повышенному тромбообразованию. Гипофибриногенемия при COVID‑19 широко не представлена в литературе, и частота, а также причины её развития неизвестны. Одной из возможных причин возникновения гипофибриногенемии является применение генно-инженерных биологических препаратов (ГИБП), однако механизмы развития данного состояния не ясны. Цель исследования: определить роль терапии антагонистами рецепторов интерлейкина-6 при развитии гипофибриногенемии у пациентов с COVID-19-пневмонией, клиническую значимость гипофибриногенемии и механизм её возникновения. Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное исследование путём случайной выборки включено 239 пациентов в возрасте от 18 до 96 лет с подтверждённой методом полимеразной цепной реакции SARS-CoV-2 инфекцией, КТ-признаками (при поступлении в стационар) вирусной пневмонии 2–4 степени и длительностью госпитализации более 2 сут. Всем пациентам проводили лабораторный мониторинг, включавший определение значений гемоглобина, тромбоцитов, С-реактивного белка (СРБ), печёночных ферментов и фибриногена по Клаусу. Всем пациентам проводилась стартовая терапия гидроксихлорохином и азитромицином. Тоцилизумаб на момент исследования был единственным ГИБП, применяемым в стационаре. Терапия тоцилизумабом была проведена 164 (68,6%) пациентам. В исследовании учитывали максимальные и минимальные значения гемоглобина, тромбоцитов, фибриногена и СРБ в течение всей госпитализации. Результаты. Гипофибриногенемия различной степени выраженности наблюдалась у 39 пациентов, получивших тоцилизумаб, что значимо выше частоты гипофибриногенемии у 2 пациентов, не получавших терапию тоцилизумабом (ОР = 8,9; 95% ДИ = 2,2–25,9). Заключение. Применение тоцилизумаба у пациентов с COVID‑19 достоверно повышает риск развития гипофибриногенемии. Background. Coagulopathy in patients with new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is important for the course and prognosis of the disease. Hypercoagulation, hyperfibrinogenemia and thrombosis are typical manifestations of coagulopathy in the acute phase of the disease. Hypofibrinogenemia in COVID‑19 is not widely reported in the literature, and the frequency and reasons of its development are unknown. The use of genetically engineered biological drugs (GEBD) may be one of the possible causes of hypofibrinogenemia but the mechanisms of its development are not clear. Objectives: to determine the role of therapy with interleukin-6 receptor antagonists in the development of hypofibrinogenemia in patients with COVID-19-pneumonia, the clinical significance of hypofibrinogenemia and the mechanism of its occurrence. Patients/Methods. A randomized retrospective study included 239 patients aged 18 to 96 years with confirmed by polymerase chain reaction SARS-CoV-2 infection, computed tomography signs (upon admission to the hospital) of viral pneumonia (grade 2–4) and a duration of hospitalization of more than 2 days. All patients underwent laboratory monitoring, including the determination of hemoglobin, platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), liver enzymes and fibrinogen according to Claus. All patients received initial therapy with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. At the time of the study, tocilizumab was the only GEBD drug used in the hospital. Therapy with tocilizumab was performed in 164 (68.6%) patients. The study took into account the maximum and minimum values of hemoglobin, platelet, fibrinogen and CRP levels during the hospitalization. Results. Hypofibrinogenemia of varying severity was observed in 39 patients treated with tocilizumab, that was significantly higher than hypofibrinogenemia frequency in 2 patients who did not receive tocilizumab (RR = 8.9; 95% CI = 2.2–25.9). Conclusions. Tocilizumab usage in patients with COVID-19 significantly increases the risk of hypofibrinogenemia.

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on plasma fibrinogen levels in obstructive sleep apnea patients: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Fibrinogen has been implicated to play a role in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Many studies have evaluated the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on plasma fibrinogen levels in OSA patients. However, results from different reports were not consistent. To assess the effect of CPAP treatment on plasma fibrinogen levels of patients with OSA, a meta-analysis was performed.Methods: A systematic search of Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, Wanfang Database and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure was performed. Data were extracted, and then weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model.Results: Twenty-two studies involving 859 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Combined data showed that plasma fibrinogen concentrations decreased after CPAP therapy (WMD = −0.38 g/l, 95% CI [−0.54 to −0.22 g/l], P<0.001). In the subgroup analyses by therapy duration, plasma fibrinogen concentrations declined significantly in the long-term (≥1 month) CPAP therapy subgroup (WMD = −0.33 g/l, 95% CI [−0.49 to −0.16 g/l], P<0.001) but not in the short-term (<1 month) CPAP therapy subgroup (WMD = −0.84 g/l, 95% CI [−1.70 to 0.03 g/l], P=0.058). Moreover, in patients with long-term CPAP therapy duration, plasma fibrinogen levels decreased with good CPAP compliance (≥4 h/night) (WMD = −0.37 g/l, 95% CI [−0.55 to −0.19 g/l], P<0.001) but not with poor CPAP compliance (<4 h/night) (WMD = 0.12 g/l, 95% CI [−0.09 to 0.33 g/l], P=0.247).Conclusion: Long-term CPAP treatment with good compliance can reduce the plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with OSA.

Practical guidelines for monitoring and management of coagulopathy following tisagenlecleucel CAR T-cell therapy

AbstractCytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a systemic inflammatory response associated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies. In severe cases, CRS can be associated with coagulopathy and hypofibrinogenemia. We present our global multicenter experience with CRS-associated coagulopathy after tisagenlecleucel therapy in 137 patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia from the ELIANA and ENSIGN trials. These trials included clinical guidelines for fibrinogen replacement during CRS-associated coagulopathy. Hypofibrinogenemia requiring replacement was observed only in patients with severe CRS. A higher percentage of patients who required replacement were <10 years old, compared with those who did not require replacement. Twenty-three patients received replacement for hypofibrinogenemia (<1.5 g/L); 9 of them developed marked hypofibrinogenemia (<1 g/L). Very low fibrinogen levels (<1 g/L) were documented in patients before maximal CRS (n = 1), during maximal CRS (n = 7), and at CRS improvement (n = 1). Although hypofibrinogenemia was the most clinically significant coagulopathy, some patients also developed prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time and increased international normalized ratio, further increasing the risk of bleeding. Hypofibrinogenemia was effectively managed using fibrinogen concentrate or cryoprecipitate replacement; severe (grade 4) bleeding events were rare (n = 2). CRS-associated coagulopathy with hypofibrinogenemia is manageable according to empiric guidelines of fibrinogen replacement for CAR-T trials. Fibrinogen concentrate should be used when cryoprecipitate is not reliably available. Monitoring fibrinogen levels in patients with moderate or severe CRS is essential for avoiding potentially fatal bleeding events. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02435849 and #NCT02228096.

Estimation of plasma levels of fibrinogen in patients with periodontitis: An intervention study

Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on plasma levels of fibrinogen in patients with chronic periodontitis and its association. Materials and Methods: Twenty otherwise healthy subjects with chronic periodontitis were recruited for this intervention study. Both clinical parameters and blood were collected at baseline and one month, three months after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (scaling, root planning, and oral hygiene instructions). Periodontal examination included PD, CAL, PI, GI, and blood; these were analyzed to determine plasma fibrinogen. The effect of treatment was assessed by paired t-test; correlation between blood and clinical parameters was assessed by Pearson’s correlation. Results: There was a significant reduction in PD, CAL, PI, and GI at one month and three months after periodontal therapy (P < 0.001); plasma fibrinogen levels significantly decreased at one month and three months after treatment (P < 0.001). Also, a significant correlation was seen between clinical parameters and fibrinogen levels at different intervals of time. Conclusion: In patients with chronic periodontitis, nonsurgical periodontal therapy significantly reduced fibrinogen levels after one month and three months and it may, thus, decrease their risk of coronary heart disease.

Evaluation of coagulation parameters in patients with parathyroid adenoma

Parathyroid adenoma is responsible for 80–85% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. Increased fibrinogen levels in patients with adenoma may increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coagulation parameters and parathyroid adenoma. A prospective study included 28 female patients with parathyroid adenoma aged 40–88 years and 27 age-matched healthy controls. The coagulation parameters were assessed for each participant. The mean ages of the patient and control groups were 57.7 ± 10.9 and 53.3 ± 9.31 years, respectively. The mean level of protein S activity was 65.79 ± 13.78 in the patient group and 77.00 ± 15.72 in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.013). The mean fibrinogen levels of the patient and control groups were 338.78 ± 63.87 mg/dL and 304.30 ± 45.67 mg/dL, respectively, and a significant difference was found (p = 0.041). However, no significant difference was evident between the two groups with regard to the D-dimer (p = 0.238), aPTT (p = 0.645), INR (p = 0.406), protein C (p = 0.076), and AT-III (p = 0.180) levels. A positive correlation was observed between adenoma volume and fibrinogen in the patient group (r = 0.711, p = 0.001). The protein S levels were lower and the fibrinogen levels higher in the patients with parathyroid adenoma.

Fibrinogen Levels and Cognitive Profile Differences in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background: Fibrinogen is considered a marker of vascular pathology, indicating a weakened blood-brain barrier, and has a causative role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Little is known about the relationship between fibrinogen levels and cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aimed to investigate differences in cognitive profiles according to plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with MCI and the influence of plasma fibrinogen levels on cognitive decline. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 643 patients with MCI: 323 patients in the high fibrinogen (high fib) group and 320 patients in the low fibrinogen (low fib) group. A multiple linear regression model was performed to compare cognitive test performance between groups. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the hazard ratio of fibrinogen level for disease progression. Results: The high fib group demonstrated poorer performance in attention, executive function, and confrontation naming than the low fib group. After adjustment for APOE genotype, the high fib group was associated with poor attention and executive function. After adjustment for vascular risk factors including body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and smoking history, the high fib group showed declined attention and confrontation naming ability. High fibrinogen levels did not predict disease progression to CDR 1. Conclusion: High plasma fibrinogen levels were associated with poor performance in attention in patients with MCI, regardless of APOE genotype or vascular risk factors.

Study the Elevation of Fibrinogen level in Plasma Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Babylon Governorate

Objective: The incidence of diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 has increased dramatically worldwide in thepast 20 years. Type 2 diabetes is probable to increase further in the future owing to the increase in obesityand the lack of exercise. This may rise the danger of unindustrialized cardiovascular illness in patientswith type 2 DM. It may be because fibrinogen has an important role in the increased risk of cardiovasculardisease. The aims of current study to find out the level of fibrinogen and its relationship to the level of bloodglucose in patients with type 2 DM. Methods: The study contain 50 patient with diabetes mellitus type 2 aspatient group and 50 adult apparently healthy as control group. All plasma samples were collected from allsubjects. The age for both groups concerning (43-75) years. The collected data include measures, plasmafibrinogen and HbA1c. Results: The present study revealed a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen,HbA1c concentration in patients compared with control group (p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: The results of thisstudy reveal a significant increase in fibrinogen level in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 withoutcardiovascular disease.

Serum fibrinogen level in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction admitted to the coronary care unit in Shaab Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan

Serum fibrinogen level in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction admitted to the coronary care unit in Shaab Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan

The prognostic value of plasma fibrinogen level in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Increasing evidence has revealed that plasma fibrinogen levels may serve as prognostic indicators in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), yet the exact association is still elusive. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available studies concerning the relationship between plasma fibrinogen level and survival in AML patients. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS) were calculated to evaluate the effect. A random-effect model was applied and the robustness of the pooled results was confirmed by subgroup and sensitivity analysis. A total of 9 studies were eligible to assess the association between plasma fibrinogen level and prognosis in AML. Among these investigations above, 5 studies adopted OS as their outcome indicator and were selected for the final meta-analysis. The pooled result suggested that plasma fibrinogen level was significantly relevant to increased mortality risk in AML patients (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01–1.44, p = .000, I2=85.4%). In conclusion, high plasma fibrinogen level may independently predict worse OS in patients with AML.

The association between the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and the plasma fibrinogen level in women and men with premature coronary artery atherosclerosis.

The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin‑converting enzyme (ACE) gene is associated with younger age at coronary artery disease (CAD) onset. Some data indicate the relationship between the DD genotype and the fibrinogen level. At the same time, the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system differs in women and men. The objective of the study was to evaluate the sex‑dependentassociation of the ACE I/D polymorphism with the plasma fibrinogen level in patients with premature CAD. The study included 407 participants with premature CAD: 257 women not older than 55 years and 150 men not older than 45 years. Study participants had at least 1 stenosis ≥50% in a major epicardial coronary artery. The ACE I/D polymorphism (rs4343) was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction. Fibrinogen levels were measured with a modified Clauss method. We found a significant interaction indicating that sex modifies the influence of the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene on fibrinogen levels (P = 0.02). The highest mean fibrinogen level, adjusted for age and smoking status, was observed in women with the DD genotype (575.7 mg/dl) and it was significantly higher than in men with the DD genotype (367.1 mg/dl; P <0.001) or in women with the ID genotype (491.7 mg/dl; P = 0.04). In men, there was no significant difference in mean adjusted fibrinogen levels across genotypes. The DD genotype of the ACE gene was associated with higher plasma fibrinogen levels in women with premature CAD yet not in men.

Correlation of fibrinogen level with lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies suggest that elevated plasma fibrinogen levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders especially in diabetic patients. Objective was to correlate fibrinogen levels in patients of type-2 diabetes mellitus with lipid profile.Methods: It is a descriptive observational study conducted among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients at Khaja Bandanawaz Institute of Medical Sciences, Gulbarga in year 2011. Newly detected type-2 diabetic patients with and without associated hypertension of more than 40 years of age belonging to both sexes were included.Results: Total 104 patients were involved in our study. Of which 75 were males and 29 females. There was a significant positive correlation between plasma cholesterol level and plasma fibrinogen level. The patients who had serum triglyceride level between 100-149 mg/dL had plasma fibrinogen level about 4.19±0.1 g/L and those with serum triglyceride level more than 400 mg/dL &lt; had 9.01±0.83 g/L plasma fibrinogen level. Significant positive correlation between serum triglyceride level and plasma fibrinogen level found. 36 patients with HDL level 35-39 mg/dL had plasma fibrinogen level of 5.9±1.50 g/L. So, there was a significant negative correlation between serum HDL and plasma fibrinogen level.Conclusions: The present study showed positive correlation between serum cholesterol level, LDL level and triglyceride level with plasma fibrinogen levels. There was inverse relation with HDL level.

Association Between Plasma Levels of Fibrinogen and the Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Ectasia

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with isolated coronary artery ectasia (CAE). Materials and Methods: The study population included 154 patients, of whom 52 had isolated CAE, 52 had stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and 50 had normal coronary arteries (NCA). The severity of isolated CAE was determined using the Markis classification. All the subjects underwent complete physical examinations, including a detailed medical history, complete blood count and biochemical parameters. Plasma fibrinogen levels also were measured in all subjects. Results: The baseline characteristics of the three groups were similar. Plasma fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in the CAE group and CAD group than in the NCA group (383.3 ± 53.0 mg/dl and 400.8 ± 50.6 mg/dl vs 324.0 ± 56.4 respectively, p < 0.001). No difference was found between the CAE and CAD groups. The fibrinogen level was significantly higher in the type 1 Markis subgroup than in the type 2 and type 3 subgroups (P <0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, fibrinogen level was independently and significantly associated with isolated CAE. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that fibrinogen levels > 325 mg/dl identified patients with isolated CAE. Conclusions: Plasma fibrinogen is an easily measurable systemic inflammatory biomarker that is independently associated with CAE presence and severity. This suggests that fibrinogen may be involved in the pathophysiology of CAE.

Silent Brain Infarction and Blood Fibrinogen Level in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (Cross Sectional Study)

Silent Brain Infarction and Blood Fibrinogen Level in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (Cross Sectional Study)