Fibrin Threads Research Articles

THE INFLUENCE OF VESSEL CURVATURE AND THROMBUS COMPOSITION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS AND OUTCOMES OF THROMBECTOMY IN THE CASE OF ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE

Introduction. It is believed that vascular anatomy has a direct influence on the complexity and course of mechanical thrombectomy, and its outcome determines the degree of reperfusion and clinical effect.
 Aim. To analyze the influence of the curvature of the intracranial arteries and the composition of the thrombus on the results of thrombectomy.
 Materials and methods. 64 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for acute proximal occlusion of the ICA or MCA were prospectively examined. (44man/20women among them, the age of the patients ranged from 47-89years (67.2±1.2). The study was performed by measuring the ICA-M1 angle on angiograms in direct projection. Angles were compared between patients with successful (mTICI group 2b/3) and unsuccessful (mTICI group 0-2a) reperfusion. The functional result was evaluated according to the mRS scale as positive (0-3) and negative (4-5). Removed thrombi were examined by light microscopy with hematoxylin-eosin and orange-red-blue staining.
 Results. Among patients of the mTICI 2b/3 group, a larger angle of the ICA-M1 was measured (126.4±2.8°) compared to patients in the mTICI 0-2a group - 107.1±4.9° (p=0.05). Among patients with 1-2 passages, statistically significantly larger ICA-M1 angles were recorded (129.8±3.3°) than among patients with a number of passages >2 (109.2±5,7°, p<0.02). The duration of mechanical thrombectomy was <60min among patients with larger angles of the ICA-M1 (127.6±4.4° vs. 119.6±4.5°) than in patients with long interventions (>60 min) (p<0.05). Successful reperfusion (group mTICI 2b/3) was achieved in 47 (73.4%) patients. A clinically positive result(mRS 0-3) was observed among 37(57.8%) patients.
 During microscopic examination of thrombi among patient groups mTICI 0/2a, fibrin threads with signs of aging with purple and blue color were present on the periphery (24-48hours). With a favorable outcome of the operation, the coagulated fibrin fibers were stained red (<16hours).
 Conclusions. With a smaller curvature of the ICA and its branches, and in the presence of "fresh" thrombi, the efficiency of operations increases, and the number of passages and the duration of mechanical thrombectomy decrease. The neurological status of patients at admission correlates with the functional outcome at the time of discharge.

The course of COVID-19 with the development of “shock organs — lungs and heart”

The article presents a clinical and morphological description of a case involving death upon admission to a hospital, marked by developed sepsis and septic shock caused by the addition of bacterial flora. It also presents a clinical and morphological description of the development of shock organs lungs and heart after infection with SARS-CoV-2.
 A 38-year-old patient was hospitalized diagnosed with severe coronavirus infection, leading to shock. Complications arising from the underlying disease included bilateral viral interstitial pneumonia. Virological analysis of throat and nose swap samples confirmed SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus RNA. The patients condition, evaluated on the NEWS2 scale, scored 18 points. C-reactive protein levels were measured at 117 mg/l, and procalcitonin level was 9 ng/ml. Despite treatment efforts, the patient did not survive. Sectional examination in the lungs showed focal atelectasis of various sizes, edema with a large number of red blood cells. In the alveoli, there are fibrin threads and hyaline membranes blood stasis in the microcirculatory bed. In the heart, uneven blood filling in vessels, subendocardial hemorrhages, dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in cardiomyocytes, small foci of necrosis, fragmentation of cardiomyocytes, and intermuscular edema were noted. In the described case, the patient developed an infectious-toxic shock with severe changes in the lungs and heart attributed to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. These changes were intensified because of the addition and activation of bacterial flora due to a violation of the barrier function of the lung epithelium, leading to its complete destruction.

Potensi Ekstrak Kasar Enzim dari Tempe Kedelai Hitam (Glycine soja (L.) Merr.) sebagai Obat Fibrinolitik Alami dengan Metode Clot Lysis In Vitro

Fibrinolytic enzymes are enzymes that can be used to break down fibrin. In thrombus therapy (cardiovascular disease), this enzyme has an activity similar to plasmin, which is able to reduce fibrin by hydrolyzing fibrin into dissolved products and inhibiting the formation of fibrin clots that can trigger cardiovascular disease. Black soybean tempeh has various benefits, one of which is to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and reduce the risk of blood clots. Due to the content of the enzyme protease in black soybeans which is able to degrade fibrin threads. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of black soybean tempeh (Glycine soja (L.) Merr) can produce enzyme extracts as natural fibrinolytic drugs. This study was conducted by taking ingredients, crude extraction of enzymes from black soybean tempeh by centrifugation, purification of crude extracts of enzymes using ammonium sulfate salts of 80%, determination of enzyme protein levels with the Lowry method and testing of fibrinolytic potential with the clot lysis method in vitro. The variation in the concentration of the extract used in the test was 12.5; 25; 50 and 100%. The results showed that crude extracts of black soybean tempeh enzymes were able to lyse blood clots. The protein content of the black soybean tempeh extract sample after purification using ammonium sulfate was 245.76 ?g/mL. The optimum percentage of blood clot lysis at a concentration of 100% of the sample after purification was 59%.

Pathomorphological characteristics of hemophilic polyserositis of pigs

It is difficult to differentiate the disease by clinical signs; therefore, the main criteria for diagnosing hemophilic polyserositis should be considered pathological changes characteristic of the disease. Piglets are aged 30–60 days are most often affected. On average, pigs can die five hours after the manifestation of clinical signs. The autopsy results have revealed severe polyserositis, fibrinous layering around the lungs and heart, swelling of the liver with fibrinous deposition, and intestinal epithelium overloaded with fibrin pellicle. The autopsy of the dead piglets has shown the changes, characterized by massive overlays of fibrin pellicles and threads on the surface of the costal and pulmonary pleura, diaphragm, peritoneum, omentum, the serous membrane of the intestine, as well as the liver capsule. In the thoracic and abdominal cavities and pericardium, a significant accumulation of straw-yellow exudate with abundant fibrin threads has been revealed. Rib and lung pleura were covered with fibrinous overlays of gray-white and gray-yellow color. When the overlays were removed, swelling, dullness, matting, and sometimes bluishness of the pleura with a grayish tint were found. In several cases, fibrinous layering was of considerable thickness, which caused the fusion of serous sheets. Macroscopically, the bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes were enlarged, juicy, grayish, or grayish-red in color; sometimes, dotted hemorrhages were observed in them. A cloudy, reddish liquid was flowing from the surface of their cut. At the pathological examination, the lungs were enlarged in volume, dense in consistency, and dark red. Interstitial pneumonia was observed, and in some cases, fibrinous inflammation of the pleura and foci of atelectasis alternated with small emphysema areas. The liver was enlarged and flabby; the lobular structure was weakly expressed. The cut surface was dull, gray-red, and sometimes red-brown. The vessels of the small intestine were injected. That is, fibrinous polysterositis, arthritis, and meningoencephalitis are characteristic of the pathology. Therefore, from the pathomorphological changes, it can be assumed that the dissemination of the causative agent of hemophilic polyserositis occurs in a short time. In the acute stage of the disease and fatal cases, the pathogen is often found in the joints, serous membranes, spleen, liver, lungs, pericardium, and brain. The localization of the pathogen is specific – it is the serous membranes. The penetration of the causative agent into the brain can indirectly judge the relatively high invasive properties of the microorganism.

Abstract P1008: Bioelectric Sutures Generated From HiPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes Enable In Vitro Electrical Coupling Between Engineered Cardiac Tissues

Heart attack survivors live with permanent damage in their hearts and are at higher risk of developing heart failure. Current treatments do not directly repair or restore function in the damaged tissue. Implanting engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) to restore contractility to the damaged myocardium is a promising therapy. However, this approach is challenged by poor integration between the implanted ECT and the host heart. To address this issue, we developed a bioelectric suture capable of propagating electrical signals to improve coupling between the two interfaces. We differentiated ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) following a well-adopted small molecule modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Metabolic-based lactate purification was performed to increase CM purity to > 80%, evaluated by flow cytometry analysis of cardiac troponin-T. We constructed fibrin threads by coextruding fibrinogen and thrombin through a blending tip connector into a HEPES bath. Polymerized, stretched, and dried threads were coated in Matrigel, clamped to suture heads, and seeded with hiPSC-CMs mixed with 5% human ventricular cardiac fibroblasts at a density of 5x10 5 cells/cm for 72 hours. We cultured the conductive and contractile sutures for 2 weeks under 1 Hz electrical stimulation. Optical mapping was performed to characterize electrical properties of bioelectric sutures, including action potential duration (APD) and conduction velocity (CV). Bioelectric sutures were electromechanically active with APD 100 = 547 +/- 29 ms and CV = 25.1 +/- 5.9 mm/s. a-actinin and connexin-43 staining revealed that hiPSC-CMs preferentially aligned with the thread and formed significant gap junctions, suggesting electrical syncytium formation. Preliminary results and ongoing work showed that bioelectric sutures sutured to two separate ECTs electrically coupled within 3 days, enabling directed electrical propagation from one tissue to the other. Collectively, these results demonstrate that bioelectric sutures establish a CM bridge for electrical propagation, which may improve the integration of implanted ECTs with the host heart and enable the development of therapies to treat diseases of cardiac electrical conduction.

CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF REGENERATIVE PROCESSES IN PURULENT WOUND DEPENDING ON THE TIME OF SURGERY (MORNING EVENING) AND CHRONOTYPE OF PATIENTS (MORNING AND EVENING CHRONOTYPE)

Healing of postoperative wounds is a staged process. At the early stage of the wound process is characterized by the presence of a large number of unchanged and altered erythrocytes, the latter are characterized by shrinkage, change in shape, the formation of clusters. Hemorrhages in a wound and the initial phenomena of an inflammation are defined. In the period of regeneration of wound healing, inflammatory phenomena gradually disappear, and regenerative processes are increasingly developed. n the study of the dynamics of healing of postoperative wounds, the most informative is the method of "superficial wound biopsy". For cytological material is taken by lightly scraping the surface layer of the wound with a special spatula. This method usually manages to obtain elements not only of the exudate and the superficial (granular-fibrinous) layer of the wound, but also newly formed cells. The cytograms obtained in this way provide significant information about the course of regenerative processes in the wound. [1]. Using the method of "surface biopsy" of wounds to determine the features of the regenerative processes in the wound depending on the time of surgery (morning evening) and the chronotype of patients (morning and evening).
 Cytological examination was performed using the method of "surface biopsy" of the wound [2]. The material for the study was taken by lightly scraping the surface layer of the wound with a spatula on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day of the postoperative period. The resulting material was transferred to a glass slide, evenly distributed in a thin layer, fixed and stained by Romanowski-Gimza [3]. The obtained preparations were studied using a microscope Biorex-3 BM-500T with a digital photomultiplier DCM 900 with programs adapted for research data. Cytometric study was performed by the method of standard planes [4] at a magnification of x1000, determined the average number of erythrocytes, unaltered neutrophilic granulocytes, naked nuclear neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, fibrin threads and collagen fibers in 10. Microphotography of the selected areas for illustrations was performed using a microscope Biorex-3 BM-500T with digital photomultiplier DCM 900.
 It is established that the time of surgery, depending on the patient's chronotype, affects the course of the postoperative period and the wound healing process. Carrying out of operation according to the maximum activity of the patient reduces terms of realization of reparative process in a wound. Acceleration of hemostasis is accelerated and microcirculation and, accordingly, oxygenation of damaged tissues is restored faster. The number of unchanged and altered erythrocytes is probably lower in the superficial biopsies of wounds of patients who were operated with the chronotype in the most active time. In them, the dynamics of changes in the number of neutrophilic granulocytes indicates an earlier transition from the inflammatory stage of the wound process to regenerative. The obtained cytological data indicate the implementation of the reparative process 2 days earlier.

Reorganization of the structural elements of the venous wall in oncogenic pathology

The objective: an identification of changes and reorganization of structural elements of the venous wall, their correlation with cancer processes in the organism; the establishment of the relationship between structural changes in the wall of the venous vessels and thrombosis, with the following complications; the determination of the necessity of the preventive measures to avoid complications. Materials and methods. Histological, submicroscopic and polarization data of the research of the veins of the hind limbs of 12 sexually mature nonlinear male rats weighing 170–180 g on the 30th day of chronic neoplastic intoxication were analyzed. A retrospective analysis of the autopsy protocols of cancer patients (n=54), the largest incidences – pulmonary embolism, during 2014-2018 in the Ternopil Regional Clinical Oncology Center was performed. The average age of women who died was 61.93±1.51 years and 62.44±2.61 years – for men.Results. As a result of morphological examination of the veins of the hind limbs of rats with experimental neoplastic intoxication revealed mainly submicroscopic reorganization of endothelial cells and their desquamation, as well as platelet aggregation that can be one of the links in the pathogenesis of thrombosis.According to a retrospective analysis of the autopsy protocols, the proportion of pulmonary embolism was higher among women (61.1 %) than men (38.9 %). The structure of oncopathology in this group of patients: bronchial and lung cancer (18.5 %); neoplasms of the uterine body (22.2 %); rectum cancer (13.0 %), colon cancer (7.4 %), rectosigmoid junction cancer (5.6 %); bladder cancer (9.3 %); gastric cancer (7.4 %); ovarian cancer (7.4 %); prostate cancer (5.6 %); thyroid cancer (1.8 %); pancreatic cancer (1.8 %). In all cases of autopsy phlebothrombosis of the deep veins of the leg and thigh with impaired blood flow caused by occlusion by blood clots of various manifestations of the structural organization was revealed. In five cases, fresh red blood clots were found, which were closely connected with the intima by fibrin threads, in five other cases – red blood clots were freely located in the lumen of the vein, swelling of all layers of the vein, fibrous structure and diffuse neutrophil infiltration were found. In the remaining 44 cases, vein occlusion was detected by already organized thrombi with signs of fibrosis, recanalization, and revascularization.Conclusions. The study of the morphology of rat hind limb veins with experimental neoplastic intoxication mainly revealed changes in the shape, structure and function of endotheliocytes, their desquamation and changes in all three layers of the venous wall as well as platelet ligation. The relationship between the presence of changes in the venous wall as a result of cancer and the formation of thrombosis was found. The number of thromboembolic complications emphasizes the necessity to prevent thrombosis in cancer patients.

Role of Autologous Fibrine Glue to Decrease Seroma Volume On 14th Post Operative Day in Carcinoma Mamae Patients that Underwent Simple Mastectomy


 
 
 Background: Seroma is the most significant complication that occurred after mastectomy, happen in 25% until 60% cases. Seroma are not life threatening complications, but can lead to serious morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and delay adjuvant therapy. Autologous Fibrin Glue is a hemostatic agent that can accelerate fibrin thread formation, stop vascular oozing and decrease dead space. This research was performed to evaluate Autologous Fibrin Glue function in lowering seroma volume at 14th days after simple mastectomy.
 Methods: This research is a clinical trial to compare average seroma volume between advance stage locally breast carcinoma patients group which are given Autologous Fibrin Glue on the surface of surgical wound, 14 days after simple mastectomy (trial group) and control group (without special treatment) with ultrasonography.
 Result: From 42 patients who met the inclusion criteria, divided into 2 groups, 21 patients were given Autologous Fibrin Glue on the surgical wound surface in a simple mastectomy procedure, 21 patients as a control group. The number of seromas in the treatment group was measured using ultrasound on the 14th day, fewer meaningfully than the control group, the median seroma volume in the treatment group was 9,30 mL and median seroma volume in the control group was 20.90 mL. The P value in the variable number of seroma is smaller than 0.05 (P. < 0.05) which means significant, the number of seromas measured using ultrasonography (USG) on the 14th day, fewer meaningfully in the treatment group.
 Conclusion: Subjects that was given Autologous Fibrin Glue on the surface of surgical wound after simple mastectomy has a lower volume of seroma compared to control group.
 
 

Evolution of Surgery Offered to Aspergilloma over 2 Decades, Institutional Report

<i>Background</i>: Aspergilloma is the localized form of pulmonary colonization by Aspergillus species, which often hosted within a pre-existing cavitary lesion. The Aspergilloma (commonly known as mycetoma or fungus ball) consists of fungal hyphae, aggregates of inflammatory cells, fibrin threads, and destructed tissues debris. Aspergillus Fumigatu is the commonest species responsible for such lesions. In this study, over 20 years, data were collected for examination, on the outcomes of surgery for pulmonary Aspergilloma. <i>Methods</i>: Retrospective study of 54 patients, dating from January 1996 and December, 2015. Each patient’s preoperative, diagnostic, operative, postoperative and follow up data was collected for analysis. <i>Results</i>: Findings of 54 patients who underwent surgery for Aspergilloma, 47 had clinical diagnosis. While remaining 7 were confirmed post-resection. The median age was 46.3±7.8 (aged 17-64 years). Risk assessment identified that greater probability for the Left Lung to be infected and increase if gender was male (2.6:1). The main presentation was hemoptysis, seen in 70.4% of cases, while symptoms of cough and expectoration occurred in 83.3% of them. The most prevalent predisposing factor was tuberculosis (TB), present in 57.4% of cases. The indication for surgery was recurrent hemoptysis, asymptomatic simple Aspergilloma and complex Aspergilloma. All the patients underwent pulmonary resection, with 82.5% of cases having lobectomy. The main postoperative complication was prolonged air leak 29.6% (16/54). The in-hospital mortality rate was 7.5% (6/54) patients. Conclusion: Surgery offered to Aspergilloma patients (fungus ball) brought beneficial results with an acceptable morbidity. The mortality observed within these cases, was predominantly due to high risk patients, with complex Aspergillosis. Recommendations for a multidisciplinary approach, in future cases, are paramount for better selection criteria.

Changes in the ducts of the pancreas with pancreatic necrosis

The article presents data on the development in the lumen of the pancreatic duct of condensed protein masses in people who died from the development of severe acute pancreatitis. 10 pancreas (areas of the head, body and tail, ductal system of the pancreas) of people who died of acute pancreatitis were subjected to histological examination. The material was fixed in 10% formalin solution, carried out in alcohols of increasing strength and enclosed in celloidin. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A histological examination revealed that the condensed masses were represented by heterogeneous protein formations, cells of desquamated ductal epithelium, blood elements, fibrin threads. They completely filled the lumen of the pancreatic ducts and stopped the movement of pancreatic secretion. The data on the treatment of severe pancreatitis in experimental studies using the method of bougie and washing the pancreatic ducts with a novocaine-contrical mixture are presented. Two methods are proposed for restoring the permeability of the pancreatic duct in pancreatic necrosis in humans. Possible ways of the formation of fistulas and cysts are suggested, as a complication in the severe course of acute pancreatitis.

Chronic peritonitis in dromedary camels: Clinical, ultrasonographic and pathologic findings

The aim of the present study was to emphasise the clinical, ultrasonographic and pathologic findings in dromedary camels with chronic peritonitis. For this purpose, 15 dromedary camels underwent transabdominal ultrasonographic examination of the viscera. Postmortem examination was also carried out in 5 camels. Clinical signs recorded were anorexia, scanty faeces, fits of colic that appeared in the form of rolling and moderate abdominal distension. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed echogenic fibrin threads floating in the peritoneal effusion. Fibrinous peritonitis was seen as heterogeneous deposits of echogenic and anechoic materials between the intestines, liver, kidneys rumen, spleen and abdominal wall. Peritoneal effusion appeared echogenic showing fibrinous tissue deposits interspersed with anechoic areas of fluid pockets. Ultrasound-guided aspiration of the peritoneum yielded a deeply turbid fluid. A treatment follow-up revealed that only 3 of the 15 camels made a full recovery. Postmortem examination showed massive fibrin network with adhesion of the viscera to the abdominal wall. Foul-smelling serosanguineous abdominal fluid was evacuated from the abdomen. In conclusion, ultrasonography is feasible diagnostic tool for verifying chronic peritonitis in camels. The procedure provides information about the scale and localisation of inflammatory lesions of the peritoneum. The clinical examination should therefore be supplemented by this imaging modality in camels suspected of having peritoneal lesions.

Recellularization of Decellularized Venous Grafts Using Peripheral Blood: A Critical Evaluation

Vascular disease is a major cause of death worldwide, and the growing need for replacement vessels is not fully met by autologous grafts or completely synthetic alternatives. Tissue engineering has emerged as a compelling strategy for the creation of blood vessels for reconstructive surgeries.One promising method to obtain a suitable vessel scaffold is decellularization of donor vascular tissue followed by recellularization with autologous cells. To prevent thrombosis of vascular grafts, a confluent and functional autologous endothelium is required, and researchers are still looking for the optimal cell source and recellularization procedure.Recellularization of a decellularized scaffold with only a small volume of whole blood was recently put forward as a feasible option. Here we show that, in contrast to the published results, this method fails to re-endothelialize decellularized veins. Only occasional nucleated cells were seen on the luminal surface of the scaffolds. Instead, we saw fibrin threads, platelets and scattered erythrocytes. Molecular remnants of the endothelial cells were still attached to the scaffold, which explains in part why earlier results were misinterpreted.Decellularized vascular tissues may still be the best scaffolds available for vascular tissue engineering. However, for the establishment of an adequate autologous endothelial lining, methods other than exposure to autologous whole blood need to be developed.

Ultrasonographic findings in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae

BackgroundIn goats, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a cause of major economic losses in Africa, Asia and in the Middle East. There is no information emphasising the importance of diagnostic ultrasound in goats with CCPP caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp). This study was designed to describe the ultrasonographic findings in goats with CCPP caused by Mccp and to correlate ultrasonographic with post-mortem findings. To this end, 55 goats with CCPP were examined. Twenty-five healthy adult goats were used as a control group.ResultsMajor clinical findings included harried, painful respiration, dyspnoea and mouth breathing. On ultrasonography, a liver-like echotexture was imaged in 13 goats. Upon post-mortem examination, all 13 goats exhibited unilateral pulmonary consolidation. Seven goats had a unilateral hypoechoic pleural effusion. At necropsy, the related lung was consolidated and the pleural fluid appeared turbid and greenish. Pleural abscessiation detected in five goats was confirmed post-mortem. Twenty-eight goats had a bright, fibrinous matrix extending over the chest wall containing numerous anechoic fluid pockets with medial displacement and compression of lung tissue. Echogenic tags imaged floating in the fluid were found upon post-mortem examination to be fibrin. In two goats, a consolidated right parenchyma was imaged together with hypoechoic pericardial effusions with echogenic tags covering the epicardium. At necropsy, the right lung was consolidated in three goats and fibrin threads were found covering the epicardium and pericardium.ConclusionsIn goats with CCPP, the extension and the severity of the pulmonary changes could not be verified with clinical certainty in most cases, whereas this was possible most of the time with sonography, thus making the prognosis easier. Ultrasonographic examination of the pleurae and the lungs helped in the detection of various lesions.

Isolation, purification, and characterization of staphylocoagulase, a blood coagulating protein from Staphylococcus sp. MBBJP S43

Staphylocoagulase, a protein produced by S. aureus, play major role in blood coagulation and investigations are in advance to discover more staphylocoagulase producing species. The present study demonstrates the identification of a coagulase producing bacteria and isolation, purification and characterization of the protein. The bacteria was identified using 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic investigation, classified the bacteria as Staphylococcus sp. MBBJP S43 with Genbank accession number KX907247. Tube test and Chromozym TH assay were used to study enzyme activity and comparison was made with five standard coagulase positive strains. The SEM images of the fibrin threads provide evidence of coagulation. The optimum temperature for enzyme activity was 37°C and pH of 6.5–7.5. Glucose and lactose as a carbon source and ammonium chloride as nitrogen source greatly influenced the bacterial growth. Staphylocoagulase has been purified to homogeneity (766 fold) by 80% (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, Sephadex G–75 gel filtration, DEAE anion exchange chromatography, and HPLC using C18 column. SDS PAGE revealed the molecular weight of the protein to be approximately 66kD and FTIR spectra of the purified protein demonstrated the presence of α helical structure. Present study revealed that the Staphylococcus sp. MBBJP S43 strain is a potential staphylocoagulase producing bacteria.

Effect of particle concentration on the microstructural and macromechanical properties of biocompatible magnetic hydrogels.

We analyze the effect of nanoparticle concentration on the physical properties of magnetic hydrogels consisting of polymer networks of the human fibrin biopolymer with embedded magnetic particles, swollen by a water-based solution. We prepared these magnetic hydrogels by polymerization of mixtures consisting mainly of human plasma and magnetic nanoparticles with OH- functionalization. Microscopic observations revealed that magnetic hydrogels presented some cluster-like knots that were connected by several fibrin threads. By contrast, nonmagnetic hydrogels presented a homogeneous net-like structure with only individual connections between pairs of fibers. The rheological analysis demonstrated that the rigidity modulus, as well as the viscoelastic moduli, increased quadratically with nanoparticle content following a square-like function. Furthermore, we found that time for gel point was shorter in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles. Thus, we can conclude that nanoparticles favor the cross-linking process, serving as nucleation sites for the attachment of the fibrin polymer. Attraction between the positive groups of the fibrinogen, from which the fibrin is polymerized, and the negative OH- groups of the magnetic particle surface qualitatively justifies the positive role of the nanoparticles in the enhancement of the mechanical properties of the magnetic hydrogels. Indeed, we developed a theoretical model that semiquantitatively explains the experimental results by assuming the indirect attraction of the fibrinogen through the attached nanoparticles. Due to this attraction the monomers condense into nuclei of the dense phase and by the end of the polymerization process the nuclei (knots) of the dense phase cross-link the fibrin threads, which enhances their mechanical properties.

A case of fibrinous peritonitis caused by Escherichia coli in pig

A carcass of four month old male Large White Yorkshire grower pig which had the history of severe diarrhea and died suddenly was presented. On necropsy, tags of fibrin threads with adhesion of intestine and other visceral organs was noticed in the abdominal cavity. Microbiological examination revealed short Grams negative rods with metallic sheen colonies in Eosin Methylene Blue agar suggestive of growth of Escherichia coli. Histopathological examination revealed acute myocarditis, acute fibrinous peritonitis, acute perihepatitis and subacute colitis. Based on the history, gross and histopathological examination and cultural characterization of microbe, it was diagnosed as a case of fibrinous peritonitis caused by Escherichia coli.

Ultrasonographic and postmortem findings in camels (Camelus dromedarius) with abdominal disorders

This study was designed to describe the ultrasonographic findings in 33 dromedary camels with different abdominal disorders. These were categorised as pelvic abscesses (n=5), peritonitis (n=4), chronic enteritis (n=10) and intestinal obstruction (n=14). In camels with pelvic abscesses, transabdominal pelvic ultrasonography showed abdominal echogenic mass and aspirated contents were pus. A severely distended intact urinary bladder was imaged which contained echogenic sediments. In camels with peritonitis, transabdominal ultrasonography revealed echogenic fibrin threads floating in a hyperechoic peritoneal effusion. The intestines were also imaged floating in the fluid. Aspiration of a peritoneal fluid sample yielded a reddish coloured fluid. In camels with paratuberculosis, intestinal oedema, peritoneal effusion and enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes were recorded. In camels with intestinal obstruction, transabdominal ultrasonographic examination showed distended intestinal loops with weak intestinal motility. Transrectal ultrasonography revealed a highly distended rumen. In severe cases, transabdominal ultrasonography revealed intestinal contents within the intestinal loops indicating perforation of the intestines. In conclusion, ultrasonography can be used, in the field and in Veterinary Teaching Hospitals, as a non-invasive diagnostic approach in camels with abdominal disorders, and therefore help in early diagnosis and prognosis of such cases.

The morphology, typical combinations of polymorphic genes of hemostasis, and specific features of the pathogenesis of retrochorial hematoma in missed abortion

to identify mutations and hemostatic gene polymorphisms typical for retrochorial hematoma (RCH) and to study its pathogenesis in missed abortion. A PCR assay was used to detect the genetic forms of thrombophilia in 270 patients with ultrasonographically verified RCH. Logistic regression analysis revealed that with the F7 (proconvertin, coagulation factor (CF) VII G10976A polymorphism or with the F13 (fibrinase, CF XIII) G>T, or FGB (fibrinogen β-chain) G455A polymorphism, the risk of RCH was 2.72, 2.16, and 1.92 times higher, respectively. First trimester missed abortion was found in 42 (15.5%) cases; among them there were 24 (8.8%) women with different polymorphism combinations: F7 (G10976A), F13 (fibrinase, G>T), FGB (G455A). A total of 18 cases of missed abortion due to morphologically verified endometritis, endocrinopathies, and antiphospholipid syndrome were excluded from the sample. Compared to the morphology of medical abortions of the same period (16 women), patients with polymorphic genes of hemostasis were found to have statistically significant incomplete endometrial decidualization, thinning or absence of a Rohr's fibrinoid layer, a smaller number and shortening of syncytiotrophoblast microvilli, and the maximum amount of dissecting hemorrhage and RCH in the utero-chorionic region. The stages of RCH pathogenesis were determined; these included penetration of maternal erythrocytes deep into the decidua ~ dissociation of a layer of decidual cells with impairment of a «hemostatic envelope» ~ formation of RCH with a dense network of fibrin threads ~ final necrosis of surrounding cells and tissues. The investigators identified for the first time the typical combinations of polymorphic genes of predisposition to a high risk for RCH; its complete formation requires additional changes in maternal and placental components that provide local hemostasis.

In Vitro Evaluation of Intra-Aneurysmal, Flow-Diverter-Induced Thrombus Formation: A Feasibility Study

Intracranial aneurysm treatment by flow diverters aims at triggering intra-aneurysmal thrombosis. By combining in vitro blood experiments with particle imaging velocimetry measurements, we investigated the time-resolved thrombus formation triggered by flow diverters. Two test setups were built, 1 for particle imaging velocimetry and 1 for blood experiments, both generating the same pulsatile flow and including a silicone aneurysm model. Tests without flow diverters and with 2 different flow-diverter sizes (diameter: 4.5 and 4.0 mm) were performed. In the blood experiments, the intra-aneurysmal flow was monitored by using Doppler sonography. The experiments were stopped at 3 different changes of the spatial extent of the signal. No thrombus was detected in the aneurysm model without the flow diverter. Otherwise, thrombi were observed in all aneurysm models with flow diverters. The thrombi grew from the proximal side of the aneurysm neck with fibrin threads connected to the flow diverter and extending across the aneurysm. The thrombus resulting from the 4.0-mm flow diverter grew along the aneurysm wall as a solid and organized thrombus, which correlates with the slower velocities near the wall detected by particle imaging velocimetry. The thrombus that evolved by using the 4.5-mm flow diverter showed no identifiable growing direction. The entire thrombus presumably resulted from stagnation of blood and correlates with the central vortex detected by particle imaging velocimetry. We showed the feasibility of in vitro investigation of time-resolved thrombus formation in the presence of flow diverters.

Abstract 2690: Evaluation of the hemostatic status in patients with prostate cancer using thromboelastography and tissue factor- microparticles

Abstract Coagulopathy is reported as the second most common cause of death from cancers, particularly prostate cancer. DVT and pulmonary embolism are two major thrombotic complications in prostate cancer and the risk is even higher with chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. Thromboelastography (TEG) is a global hemeostatic test that detects and specifies the type of coagulopathy encountered through a vesicoelastic trace that reflects the kinetics of the clot from the initial fibrin thread till and fibrinolysis. We performed a hemostatic study in 27 patients (age range 59-88 years) diagnosed with prostate cancer at various stages (metastatic and non-metastatic) as compared to a control group (n=9) matching the same age range and with -ve pathology for prostate cancer. The study included whole blood TEG and flow cytometry analysis of microprticles (MPs) in plasma using Annexin V- FITC and anti-tissue factor - PE. Analysis of the data revealed hypercoagulable state in all patients except two who were maintained on coumadin as prophylaxis for previous DVT. Hypercoagulability was indicated by shorter R time, increased alpha angle, MA and clot index. The mean values for TEG parameters in the patients were: R: 6.01 vs 9.8 minutes in the control group, alpha angle: 68.3 vs 53.1 degrees in controls, MA: 69.3 vs 57.9 mm in controls, and CI: 3.32 vs 0.7 in controls. Paired student t test showed significant differences as regards R time (P=0.009), MA (p=0.053) and CI (P=0.051). Microparticle assay revealed significant elevation in the number of microparticles carrying tissue factor in the patient group compared to the control group (p=0.05). The mean plasma TF-MPs in patient group was 5,142 MPs/uL compared to 2,914 MPs/ uL in the control group suggesting a link between elevated tissue factor and hypercoagulability observed in these patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report for the use of TEG in patients with prostate cancer. TEG is a relatively simple test that uses a small volume of blood and can be a useful tool for evaluation of patients’ thrombotic potential and may help identification of those who may require anticoagulant prophylaxis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2690. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2690