Fiber Products Research Articles

Isolation of Two Plasticizers, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Terephthalate and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate, from Capparis spinosa L. Leaves.

Many plants have been known to be contaminated and accumulate plasticizers from the environment, including water sources, soil, and atmosphere. Plasticizers are used to confer elasticity and flexibility to various fiber and plastic products. Consumption of plasticizers can lead to many adverse effects on human health, including reproductive and developmental toxicity, endocrine disruption, and cancer. Herein, we report for the first time that two plasticizers, bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), have been isolated from the leaves of Capparis spinosa L. (the caper bush), a plant that is widely used in food seasonings and traditional medicine. 297 mg/kg of DEHT and 48 mg/kg of DEHP were isolated from dried and grounded C. spinosa L. leaves using column chromatography and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Our study adds to the increase in the detection of plasticizers in our food and medicinal plants and to the alarming concern about their potential adverse effects on human health.

An investigation of a novel wood fibre-filled steel tubular (FFST) systems for construction

In recent years, the building industry has shown great interest in hybrid-timber construction. A smart combination of timber, steel and concrete can produce building structures that not only have a less environmental impact and lower carbon footprint, but also bring lighter, taller (buckling-resilient), and long-spanning solutions. Moreover, efficient technologies can be used to rework or recycle wood products, such as fibres into hybrid modules to assist the growing trend towards a circular economy. In this study, small-scale hybrid steel-timber structural modules are developed by inserting dried wood fibre products inside cold-formed steel square hollow sections without using adhesive. Using this technique, fibre-filled steel tubular (FFST) beams, columns, and 2D frames were manufactured and tested. The experimental results indicate that the FFST columns have axial stiffness and strength by 44% and 55%, respectively, higher than steel-only columns, while the flexural stiffness and strength of the FFST beam are 8.5% and 28% higher, respectively than the steel-only beam. The weight-to-performance ratio for the FFST columns and beams is 19.03% and 58.82% higher than a steel-only columns and beams, respectively. The beam-to-column connections of the FFST frames showed sizeable ductility in flexure. The significant results as part of this paper, as well as ease of assembly, suggest that the proposed FFST frames can be up scaled and potentially be used in residential dwellings or similar low-rise applications.

A note on gluing via fiber products in the (classical) BV-BFV formalism

In classical field theory, gluing spacetime manifolds along boundary corresponds to taking a fiber product of the corresponding spaces of fields (as differential graded Fréchet manifolds) up to homotopy. We construct this homotopy explicitly in several examples in the setting of BV-BFV formalism (Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism with cutting–gluing).

DETERMINATION OF THE CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF TRACHIBASALTIC PORPHIRITE FROM THE GAVASAY FOR OBTAINING MINERAL FIBER

The results of studies of the chemical and mineralogical compositions and the main characteristics for determining the suitability of trachybasaltic porphyrite from the Gavasay deposit of Uzbekistan for obtaining heat-insulating material, in particular mineral fiber, are presented. It has been established that this new deposit of igneous rock can be used as the main raw material component for the production of basalt fiber products, a widely demanded and modern material in the construction industry.

LASER MACHINING OF BASALT GLASS HYBRID COMPOSITE USING DEMATEL METHOD

Hybrid composites are materials made of two or more different types of fibers incorporated into a single polymer matrix the year 2019 publication failure analysis in bio composites, fiber-reinforced composites, and hybrid composites. A hybrid composition of basalt and glass layer fabricated and its various mechanical properties after being tested. Glass-fiber composite is a magnificence of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Hybrid compounds are common ones two or more in the matrix combining different types of fiber products manufactured by various hybrid gave researchers compounds have many definitions. A laser machine is a target material that interacts with a laser beam it is a material removal process done by such a device that uses photon energy processing to the target object thermal or photochemical energy is carried in the form of removing the items directly and by melting evaporation elimination. Commercial, industrial, aeronautical, maritime, and recreational constructions can utilize hybrid composites for their main structural components. It offers a wide range of advantages in the aerospace sector, including strong impact resistance, outstanding fatigue and corrosion resistance, and both. A hybrid composite made of layers of basalt and glass has been created, and after that, its varied mechanical characteristics have been examined. It takes time to precisely machine these composite materials. The mechanical performance of the hybrid composite is decreased by a number of constraints in traditional machining, including fiber pullout, delamination, burr formation, matrix crack development, etc. These issues might result in a poorly machined surface. The decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is regarded as an efficient technique for locating the causal links in a complex system. It focuses on assessing the interdependencies between elements and identifying the crucial ones using a visual structural model. Lamp current (amp), Pulse frequency (Hz), Cutting speed (mm/min), Pulse width (ms), Air pressure (bars). From the result, it is seen that Lamp current got the first rank whereas the Pulse width is having the lowest rank.

Anti-Dumping Committee’s Strategy to Confront Dumping Practices: Indonesian Law and International Law Perspective

This study investigates the Indonesian Anti-Dumping Committee's role and legal efforts in addressing dumping practices within the context of Indonesia's membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and adherence to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Previous research has demonstrated the existence of dumping in imported polyester staple fiber products, leading to the committee's proposal of anti-dumping duties. The committee is responsible for receiving reports on alleged dumping and producing final reports. Despite these efforts, the study reveals an ongoing increase in dumping cases, causing significant social, psychological, and economic consequences for the country. The current institution dealing with dumping practices is considered inefficient and ineffective. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the issue, the research employs a sociolegal research method with a disciplinary approach, acknowledging that relying solely on normative law is insufficient to address dumping practices. In conclusion, this study aims to shed light on the Indonesian Anti-Dumping Committee's role and its legal framework in countering dumping practices. The rising dumping cases and the perceived inefficiency of the existing institution are worrisome. By utilizing a sociolegal research method with a disciplinary approach, the study strives to offer a holistic understanding and potentially contribute to more effective solutions in combating dumping practices.

Industrial washing conditions as factor that influence the cellulose structure and mechanical strength of bed linens

It is crucial for companies providing rental and maintenance services to hotels and hospitals to tackle the problem of decreased physical longevity caused by frequent laundering procedures in the industrial textile sector. Proper maintenance of bed linens is vital as they undergo multiple rigorous preservation techniques, such as being treated with chlorine to remove tough stains and sanitize the fabrics. The mechanical strength of fabric made of 100% cotton fibre products greatly relies on the degree of polymerization of cellulose-cotton fibre material. The study evaluated the washing performance of five cotton fabrics. Two weaving pattern variations were used and the fabrics were composed either of 100% cotton or a blend of 50% cotton and 50% polyester fibres. The washing methods included commercial and chlorine-based laboratory washing. 100% cotton fabrics, especially in plain weave show higher tensile strength falls then blended ones. The pure cotton fabric loss much more of its initial strength after only few chlorine-based washings than after hundred commercial ones. Limiting viscosity number values drop in half after hundred commercial washings for cotton fibres taken from tested woven fabrics. In comparison, decline of this parameter after only ten chlorine-based washings is more than 80% of their initial values. Performing the maintenance process without free chlorine, while still retaining its high effectiveness, can notably augment the frequency of maintenance procedures and preserve the mechanical durability of cotton fabrics over a longer time span. This leads to a reduction in textile waste residues.

Systematic optimization of fermentation conditions for in vitro fermentations with fecal inocula.

In vitro fermentation strategies with fecal inocula are considered cost-effective methods to gain mechanistic insights into fecal microbiota community dynamics. However, all in vitro approaches have their limitations due to inherent differences with respect to the in vivo situation mimicked, introducing possible biases into the results obtained. Here, we aimed to systematically optimize in vitro fermentation conditions to minimize drift from the initial inoculum, limit growth of opportunistic colonizers, and maximize the effect of added fiber products (here pectin) when compared to basal medium fermentations. We evaluated the impact of varying starting cell density and medium nutrient concentration on these three outcomes, as well as the effect of inoculation with fresh vs. stored fecal samples. By combining GC-MS metabolite profiling and 16 s rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing, we established that starting cell densities below 1010 cells/ml opened up growth opportunities for members the Enterobacteriaceae family. This effect was exacerbated when using fecal samples that were stored frozen at -80°C. Overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae resulted in lowered alpha-diversity and larger community drift, possibly confounding results obtained from fermentations in such conditions. Higher medium nutrient concentrations were identified as an additional factor contributing to inoculum community preservation, although the use of a less nutrient dense medium increased the impact of fiber product addition on the obtained metabolite profiles. Overall, our microbiome observations indicated that starting cell densities of 1010 cells/ml limited opportunities for exponential growth, suppressing in vitro community biases, whilst metabolome incubations should preferably be carried out in a diluted medium to maximize the impact of fermentable substrates.

Lower bounds for Betti numbers over fiber product rings

ABSTRACT In this paper we study the behavior of the Betti numbers of a finitely generated R-module over the fiber product ring , with R, S and T being local rings with common residual field. We investigate the Buchsbaum-Eisenbud-Horrocks and Total Rank Conjectures over , and as a consequence, positive answers are given for a certain class of quotients of power series rings. A positive answer for the question posed by Jorgensen and Leuschke is also provided.

Deaggregation of cellulose macrofibrils and its effect on bound water

The purpose of this study was to determine how to control and measure the hierarchical swelling in pulp fibers via electrostatic interactions and localized osmotic pressure. A eutectic solvent system was used to systematically increase phosphate groups in the cell wall. Increase in fiber charge led to an increase in swelling properties, as expected. At a charge value around 180–200 μmol/g the macrofibrils were found to deaggregate. This led to a large jump in mesoscale swelling, from 0.9 to 2.5 mL/g, and surface area, from 400 to 1000 m2/g. This deaggregation was confirmed with X-ray scattering and solute exclusion.A novel thermoporosimetry method was used in the study. This involved splitting the nonfreezing water into two subfractions, thus allowing a more complete analysis of pore structure and surface area. The hydrated surface area for the samples was in the range 1200–1400 m2/g, which agreed well with simulations of aggregated microfibrils. Adding charge to the pulp fibers had a nonlinear effect on handsheet strength properties. This suggests that hierarchical control of fiber swelling may be a useful approach to improve important property pairs such as strength/density in packaging and other commercially important fiber products.

Productivity and Quality Improvement by SCM in Textile and Apparel Industry - An Overview

Retailing, marketing, and merchandising in fibre production, yarn spinning, fabric manufacturing, wet processing, product distribution and disposal are coming under the textile manufacturing process. Any supply chain management consists of many deals such as money, goods, information, and services both inside and among different entities like suppliers, information processing, warehousing and customer dealing. India is one of the world’s few countries which works across the entire value chain process in the textile and apparel industry. Supply chain management in modern textile manufacturing is a crucial part. In the analysis of supply chain management, statistical techniques like factor analysis, structural equations, etc. are used. The three essential variants in the supply chain are such as push-pull chain, pull supply chains, and push/pull supply chains. Information is a major component of supply chain.

The road problem and homomorphisms of directed graphs

We make progress on a generalization of the road (colouring) problem. The road problem was posed by Adler-Goodwyn-Weiss and solved by Trahtman. The generalization was posed, and solved in certain special cases, by Ashley-Marcus-Tuncel. We resolve two new families of cases, of which one generalizes the road problem and follows Trahtman's solution, and the other generalizes a result of Ashley-Marcus-Tuncel with a proof quite different from theirs. Along the way, we prove a universal property for the fiber product of certain graph homomorphisms, which may be of independent interest. We provide polynomial-time algorithms for relevant constructions and decision problems.

Mechanical Properties of Ternary Composite from Waste Leather Fibers and Waste Polyamide Fibers with Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber.

This study aimed to improve the mechanical properties of a composite material consisting of waste leather fibers (LF) and nitrile rubber (NBR) by partially replacing LF with waste polyamide fibers (PA). A ternary recycled composite NBR/LF/PA was produced by a simple mixing method and vulcanized by compression molding. The mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of the composite were investigated in detail. The results showed that the mechanical properties of NBR/LF/PA increased with an increase in the PA ratio. The highest tensile strength value of NBR/LF/PA was found to have increased about 1.26 times, that is from 12.9 MPa of LF50 to 16.3 MPa of LF25PA25. Additionally, the ternary composite demonstrated high hysteresis loss, which was confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The presence of PA formed a non-woven network that significantly enhanced the abrasion resistance of the composite compared to NBR/LF. The failure mechanism was also analyzed through the observation of the failure surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These findings suggest that the utilization of both waste fiber products together is a sustainable approach to reducing fibrous waste while improving the qualities of recycled rubber composites.

Principal bundle groupoids, their gauge group and their nerve

We consider groupoids in the category of principal bundles, which we call principal bundles (PB) groupoids. Inspired by work by Th. Nikolaus and K. Waldorf, we generalise bundle gerbes over manifolds to bundle gerbes over groupoids and discuss a functorial correspondence between PB groupoids and bundle gerbes over groupoids. From a PB groupoid over a fibre product groupoid, we build a bundle gerbe over another fibre product groupoid. Conversely, from a bundle gerbe over a Lie groupoid, we build a PB groupoid. It has a trivial base and from any PB groupoid with trivial base, we build a bundle gerbe over a Lie groupoid. In that case, the resulting bundle gerbe is isomorphic as a groupoid to a partial quotient of the PB groupoid. We describe the nerves of PB groupoids and their partial quotients, which are simplicial objects in the category of principal bundles. Applying this construction enables us to define the inner transformation group of the nerve of a partial quotient groupoid and to describe the transformations of the corresponding bundle gerbe.

Basic constructions over C∞-schemes

C∞-Rings are R-algebras equipped with operations ϕf for every f∈C∞(Rn) and every n∈N. Therefore, a C∞-version of algebraic geometry can be developed using C∞-rings instead of ordinary rings and many classical constructions can be performed in this context. In particular, C∞-schemes are the C∞ counterpart of classical schemes. Examples of schemes are often obtained by gluing schemes or using fiber products. Another useful way to give examples of schemes is looking for representable functors F:Schemes→Sets. In this work, we show that constructions such as gluing schemes and fiber products can be done in the context of C∞-algebraic geometry and they can be used to exhibit some examples of C∞-schemes such as projective spaces and Grassmannians as well as necessary and sufficient conditions for a functor F:C∞−Schemes→Sets to be representable.

Carbon Neutrality Potential of Textile Products Made from Plant-Derived Fibers

During the growth of biomass, there are two carbon storage paths for plant-derived fibers. One path is to assimilate carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and temporarily store it in textile plants. Besides, the carbon can be captured and stored in soil. The carbon storage capacity of textile products made from plant-derived fibers such as cotton, flax, hemp, kenaf and bamboo fiber, etc., is a non-negligible part of greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting and reporting. However, there is a lack of systematic methods to evaluate carbon storage and the delayed emission effect of plant-derived fibers. In this study, the carbon storage and emission times of 100% hemp T-shirt, 100% hemp slipcover, and 100% hemp fiber handicraft were evaluated by using the soil organic carbon method, dry weight biomass method, and modeling method. The results revealed that the CO2 storage of 1 kg hemp fiber is 1.833 kg. Meanwhile, the delayed emission effects of carbon temporarily stored in the 3 kinds of hemp fiber products are 3.83%, 19.68%, and 41.12% at different lifespans (i.e., 5, 25, or 50 years), in which case the landfill option for hemp fiber products may be preferable from carbon storage effect perspective. The results suggest that plant-derived fibers have a positive impact on climate change due to CO2 storage, and that the carbon storage effect improves with the continued lifespan of the product. By quantifying carbon storage and the delayed emission effect of plant-derived fibers, it is beneficial to understand the potential for reducing carbon emissions, which in turn helps to promote and develop more environmentally friendly and low-carbon production processes and products.

The level of discreteness of the signs of the own productivity of repair pigs and the reproductive qualities of sows of different breeding value: criteria for the selection of highly productive animals according to the BLUP index

Products of plant origin, recommended as permanent components of the daily human diet, are rich in vitamins, minerals, plant fibers, as well as various active phytochemicals (polyphenols, flavonoids) and sterols, which have a low calorie content. According to the results of epidemiological and clinical studies, it has been established that the risks of various pathologies are reduced when using a diet that is balanced in terms of nutrients, rich in vegetable fiber and food products of plant origin. The evolution of food technology has led to the appearance on the shelves of Italian supermarkets of products defined as “ready foods” or products – semi-finished products of high quality and safety, which present all the characteristics of freshness, similar to products that have just been harvested. They also include products of vegetable origin, which belong to the fresh-cut category. A limited technological elaboration is applied to this category of products, after which they can be used without further manipulation before consumption. The products of vegetable origin of fresh-cut vegetable have the definition of "potentially dangerous products" due to their possible contamination with pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. These pathogens very often contaminate fresh-cut vegetable, causing food poisoning in consumers. The main sources of pathogenic contamination by the causative agents of human intestinal infections are the water used for watering plants and exposure to inappropriate temperatures during the storage of plant products. The decisive aspect, without a doubt, remains the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the product at the time of its consumption. It is fundamental to deepen our knowledge about the transmission, resistance, and growth mechanisms of pathogenic microorganisms in products of the IV range. This will allow the establishment of sampling norms for express diagnostics to reduce the possibility of low-quality products reaching the consumer.

Investigation on use of basalt fiber reinforced polymer for improvement in flexural strength of reinforcement concrete

Basalt fiber is a green, healthy and environmentally friendly high-tech fiber product without environmental pollution. It is widely used in military and civilian fields. It is not only of great theoretical significance but also of great strategic significance to strengthen the damage structures and members. The results show that, compared to glass fiber, carbon fiber and aramid fiber, basalt fiber, has good mechanical properties, acid-alkali resistance, excellent electrical properties, high wave permeability, non-conductive, and excellent sound insulation and insulation performance. This experimental study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using externally bonded BFRP fabrics to strengthen RC beams. Nine full-size specimens were tested. The following conclusions have been drawn from this research that of 4 types of different wrapping to the beam, beam with fully wrapped BFRP gained more flexural strength and load carrying capacity as compared to control beam.

High consistency enzymatic pretreatment of eucalyptus and softwood kraft fibres for regenerated fibre products

Sustainability of regenerated cellulosic fibres could be improved by using paper grade pulp instead of dissolving pulp as a raw material in the fibre spinning process. However, the use of paper grade pulp calls for adjustment of the molar mass distribution (MMD) prior to dissolution to obtain good solubility and spinnability. The objective of this work was to adjust MMD of softwood and eucalyptus kraft pulps by enzymatic treatments at high pulp consistency. The reduction of the MMD of eucalyptus kraft pulp was found to require a nearly 30-fold higher dose of endoglucanase compared to the treatment of softwood pulp. Interestingly, when xylanase was used in combination with endoglucanase to treat eucalyptus kraft pulp, 27% of the xylan was dissolved and the required endoglucanase dose could be decreased from 0.57 to 0.06 mg/g. The endoglucanase dose could be further decreased to 0.028 mg/g when 67% of xylan was removed chemically before the enzymatic treatment. This suggests that xylan hinders endoglucanase action on eucalyptus kraft pulp. For softwood pulp, the addition of xylanase and mannanase had only a minor impact on the treatment efficiency. The different processabilities of softwood and eucalyptus kraft pulps are suggested to originate from the deviating cellulose accessibility which is affected by the fibre structures as well as their hemicellulose composition and localisation. The effect of the treatment consistency was further studied with softwood kraft pulp. Treatment at high consistency clearly enhanced the endoglucanase action whereas the effect of solid content on the hemicellulase action was modest.

EU requirements regarding hygienic and sanitary aspects of products of vegetable origin of category IV range in Italy

Products of plant origin, recommended as permanent components of the daily human diet, are rich in vitamins, minerals, plant fibers, as well as various active phytochemicals (polyphenols, flavonoids) and sterols, which have a low calorie content. According to the results of epidemiological and clinical studies, it has been established that the risks of various pathologies are reduced when using a diet that is balanced in terms of nutrients, rich in vegetable fiber and food products of plant origin. The evolution of food technology has led to the appearance on the shelves of Italian supermarkets of products defined as “ready foods” or products – semi-finished products of high quality and safety, which present all the characteristics of freshness, similar to products that have just been harvested. They also include products of vegetable origin, which belong to the fresh-cut category. A limited technological elaboration is applied to this category of products, after which they can be used without further manipulation before consumption. The products of vegetable origin of fresh-cut vegetable have the definition of “potentially dangerous products” due to their possible contamination with pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. These pathogens very often contaminate fresh-cut vegetable, causing food poisoning in consumers. The main sources of pathogenic contamination by the causative agents of human intestinal infections are the water used for watering plants and exposure to inappropriate temperatures during the storage of plant products. The decisive aspect, without a doubt, remains the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the product at the time of its consumption. It is fundamental to deepen our knowledge about the transmission, resistance, and growth mechanisms of pathogenic microorganisms in products of the IV range. This will allow the establishment of sampling norms for express diagnostics to reduce the possibility of low-quality products reaching the consumer.