Modification Of Fibers Research Articles

Recent Advances in Flexible Wearable Technology: From Textile Fibers to Devices.

Smart textile fabrics have been widely investigated and used in flexible wearable electronics because of their unique structure, flexibility and breathability, which are highly desirable with integrated multifunctionality. Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of textile fiber-based flexible wearable devices. However, the pristine textile fibers still can't meet the high standards for practical flexible wearable devices, which calls for the development of some effective modification strategies. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the flexible wearable devices based on the textile fibers, putting special emphasis on the design and modifications of textile fibers. In addition, the applications of textile fibers in various fields and the critical role of textile fibers are also systematically discussed, which include the supercapacitors, sensors, triboelectric nanogenerators, thermoelectrics, and other self-powered electronic devices. Finally, the main challenges that should be overcome and some effective solutions are also manifested, which will guide the future development of more effective textile fiber-based flexible wearable devices.

Modification of PLA fibers with novel chitosan-based flame retardants by centrifugal melt electrospinning

A novel flame retardant (CSFR) was developed by grafting polylactic acid (PLA) and melamine phosphate ester onto a chitosan framework to enhance the flame retardancy of PLA fibers without compromising their other excellent properties. The PLA/CSFR flame retardant fiber membranes were successfully prepared using a self-designed constant temperature centrifugal melt electrospinning device. Results demonstrated that the synthesized CSFR exhibited a mass residue of 30% at 800°C. Adding a small amount of CSFR effectively improved the fibers' flame retardancy and mechanical properties, while excessive CSFR content resulted in a decline in mechanical performance. The optimal content of CSFR was determined to be 1.0%. The PLA/1.0%CSFR fibers achieved an impressive oxygen index of 42.3% and a mass residue of 7.98% at 800°C. Furthermore, the modified fibers significantly enhanced maximum elongation by 137.5% and tensile strength by 130.27% compared to pure PLA fibers. The molecular weight of the modified fibers decreased by 66.15%, and the mass loss rate was 8.57% after 12 hours of UV irradiation. The synthesized PLA/1.0%CSFR fibers exhibited exceptional flame retardancy, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and UV degradation performance.

Hydrophilic Modification of Polylactic Acid Fiber and the Usage of Natural Dye for Multi-Levered Improvement of the Fabric Staining Depth and the Stability Effect.

Polylactic acid (PLA) fiber is a degradable material with good environmental friendliness for textile applications. However, the main problems of difficult dyeing of PLA fibers were: high crystallinity to the adsorption of dyes, more ester and methyl groups producing non-hydrophilic problems, long chains making dyes difficult to penetrate, and producing a low dyeing rate. Here, we attempted to change the crystallinity of the PLA fiber to a lower degree from hydrophobic to hydrophilicity property variation, destroy the long chain structure to grant more staining sites, and improve the PLA fiber staining depth and the resilience dyeing effect with deep eutectic solvent (DES) treatment and natural dyes. We discovered that a controlled DES treatment process could make PLA fibers less crystallized, help amorphous areas form, and break up long chains, which lead to more dye sites. After DES treatment, the crystallinity decreased from 56.12 to 29.86%, and the instantaneous water contact angle decreased from 108.79 to 64.39°. The DES-treated PLA fabric exhibited a higher K/S value of 15.14 for natural dyes under specific conditions. The fabric, which had remarkable fastness characteristics and wash resistance, could endure frequent laundering and fulfill the demands of everyday use. Moreover, the fabric had good antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans and possessed a certain level of biocompatibility with fibroblasts. This DES treatment and natural dye combination method offered a new strategy for improving PLA fabric staining depth and color fastness, making it a promising option for low-carbon environmental protection in the textile industry.

Decoration with electronegative 2D materials based on chemical transition layers on CFR-PEEK implants for promoting osteogenesis

Due to the unique lamellar structures, physicochemical and biological properties, electronegative two-dimensional (2D) materials have been explored for surface modification of carbon fibers reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) composite. Deposition of electronegative 2D materials based on a porous surface created by concentrated H2SO4 has been studied to promote osteogenesis of CFR-PEEK. Generally, a porous layer will be pre-built on CFR-PEEK through severe corrosion of concentrated sulfuric acid to help the loading of 2D materials. However, the severe corrosion will greatly reduce surface mechanical strength, especially wear resistance and hardness, which increases the risk of collapse or even peeling of the bioactive coating by external force. Herein, instead of the severe corrosion, a mild corrosion by concentrated HNO3 was applied to modify the surface of CFR-PEEK to pre-create a dense transition layer for the further surface decoration of electronegative 2D materials (graphene oxide (GO) and black phosphorus (BP), representatively). The results indicated that hardness and wear resistance of the dense transition layer were markedly higher than those of the porous layer. Although GO and BP can be both loaded on these two transition layers, –SO3H on the porous transition layer showed moderate cytotoxicity, while –NO2 on the dense transition layer showed good cytocompatibility. The dense transition layer displayed higher mineralized deposition in vitro and new bone formation rate in vivo than the porous transition layer, moreover, GO and BP coatings improved osteogenesis. This work offers inspirations for the construction of electronegative 2D material coating on CFR-PEEK based on chemical transition layers.

Oxidative Polymerization of Aniline on the Surface of Sisal Fibers (SFs) as Defluoridation Media for Groundwater

Chemical modification of sisal fibers via in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline was conducted to examine their defluoridation capacity for fluoride from drinking water. The effects of polyaniline modifications have shown significant changes on the chemical moieties and defluoridation capacity of sisal fibers (SFs). FTIR peaks at 1440 cm−1 and 1560 cm−1 revealed the presence of benzoid and quinoid structures together with sisal fiber (SF). Thermal profiles confirmed the enhancement of thermal stability of polyaniline-modified sisal fibers (PAniMSFs). SEM microstructure also proved the surface roughening of SFs as a result of polyaniline modifications. Optimal batch adsorption parameters (pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration) were found to be 5, 60 min, 1 g, and 10 mg/L, respectively. Adsorption kinetics proved that the removal of fluoride follows pseudo-second-order model (K2 = 0.18 g. (mg·min)−1), while the adsorption isotherm well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich model with an experimental adsorption capacity of 2.49 mg/g. Hence, modifications and improvements are required to reduce the amount of fluoride to a permissible level and enhance the longevity and activity of adsorbent materials.

Surface Modification of Flax Fibers with TMCTS-Based PECVD for Improved Thermo-Mechanical Properties of PLA/Flax Fiber Composites.

Significant progress has been made in recent years in the use of atmospheric pressure plasma techniques for surface modification. This research focused on the beneficial effects of these processes on natural by-products, specifically those involving natural fiber-based materials. The study explored the deposition of hydrophobic organosilicon-like thin films onto flax fibres through plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD), using tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS) as the precursor. After the successful deposition of hydrophobic organosilicon-like thin films onto the flax fibres, polylactic acid (PLA) composite materials were fabricated. This fabrication process sets the stage for an in-depth analysis of the modified materials. Subsequently, these flax fabrics were subjected to meticulous characterization through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements. The results demonstrated successful TMCTS deposition on the surface which led to a complete hydrophobization of the flax fibers. Mechanical tests of the PLA/flax fibre composites revealed a significant improvement in load transfer and interfacial compatibility following the surface modification of the flax fibres. This improvement was attributed to the enhanced adhesion between the modified fibres and the PLA matrix. The findings highlight the potential of TMCTS-based PECVD as a practical surface modification technique, effectively enhancing the mechanical properties of PLA/flax fibre composites. These developments open exciting possibilities for sustainable and high-performance composite materials in various industries.

A universal strategy for rapid and scalable surface modification of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber

The high performance UHMWPE fiber usually demonstrates extremely poor surface adhesion with resin matrix. Therefore, improving the interfacial adhesion property becomes one of the toughest challenges faced by UHMWPE fibers. In this study, a simple and universal surface welding strategy is promoted to effectively modifying UHMWPE fiber with improved surface adhesion in a short time. The surface welding manufacturing approach is realized by the controllable Joule heating generated from the high contact resistance and rapid thermal response of the conductive nano-material layer coated on UHMWPE surface, which can locally melt the UHMWPE fiber surface and weld the nano materials on UHMWE with a strong and robust mechanical bonding. Since the whole welding process is simple and lasts only for a few seconds, it can be easily applied to the current industrial UHMWPE fiber and fabric manufacturing, enabling a continuous, fast, efficiency and scalable roll-to-roll UHMWPE surface modification process.

Achieving optimal infiltration behavior of carbon fiber/Al-2219 composites by chemical modification of carbon fiber

In this study, a novel chemical modification was proposed to introduce carboxylate copper onto the woven carbon fiber (CF) surface, and then the modified CF/Al-2219 composites were successfully fabricated by powder metallurgy. The results showed that the chemical modification of CF improved the infiltration of Al-2219 matrix into woven CFs, thus significantly reduced the defects. The average ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the modified CF/Al-2219 composites was improved by approximately 13.2 %, and the woven CFs were able to strengthen the composites in multiple directions. This work provides a convenient method of CF pre-treatment for the fabrication of CF/Al composites.

Bio-based adsorption foam composed of MOF and polyethyleneimine-modified cellulose for selective anionic dye removal

With the increase of sustainable development goal, the bio-based adsorption materials with high and selective dye removal are important for water treatment in the dyeing industry. In this paper, a bio-based adsorption foam composed of metal-organic frameworks (MOF) and polyethyleneimine (PEI)-modified cellulose was prepared by a three-step process, i.e., PEI modification of cellulose fibers (PC), MOF decoration of PEI-modified cellulose (MIL-53@PC), and in-situ foaming with polyurethane. PEI modification provides cellulose fiber with more active sites for both dye adsorption and MOF bonding. We found that MIL-53 crystals were tightly bonded on the surface of PC through hydrogen bonding. Because of the abundant adsorption sites (e.g., amines, iron oxide group), the MIL-53@PC demonstrated high adsorption capacity and selectivity for anionic dye (e.g., 936.5 mg/g for methyl orange) through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. Finally, MIL-53@PC particles were blended with a waterborne polyurethane prepolymer to prepare a three-dimensional hydrophilic foam (MIL-53@PC/PUF), which not only maintained high adsorption capacity and selectivity of MIL-53@PC and also improved its recyclability and reusability. The MIL-53@PC/PUF offers a promising solution for dye wastewater treatment.

Highly sensitive fiber-optic chemical pH sensor based on surface modification of optical fiber with ZnCdSe/ZnS quantum dots

The pH value plays a vital role in many biological and chemical reactions. In this work, the fiber-optic chemical pH sensors were fabricated based on carboxyl ZnCdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and tapered optical fiber. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of QDs is pH-dependence because protonation and deprotonation can affect the process of electron-hole recombination. The evanescent wave of tapered optical fiber was used as excitation source in the process of PL. To obtain higher sensitivity, the end faces of fiber were optimized for cone region. By lengthening the cone region and shrinking the end diameter of optical fiber, evanescent wave was enhanced and the excitation times of QDs were increased, which improved the PL intensity and the sensitivity of the sensor. The sensitivity of sensor can reach as high as 0.139/pH in the range of pH 6.00–9.01. The surface functional modification was adopted to prepare sensing films. The carboxyl groups on the QDs ligands are chemically bonded to the fiber surface, which is good for response time (40 s) and stability (decreased 0.9 % for 5 min). These results demonstrated that ZnCdSe/ZnS QDs-based fiber-optic chemical pH sensors are promising approach in rapid and precise pH detection.

Using Plantain Rachis Fibers and Mopa-Mopa Resin to Develop a Fully Biobased Composite Material.

A completely biobased composite material was developed using a matrix of natural resin extracted from the Elaegia pastoensis Mora plant, commonly known as Mopa-Mopa or "Barniz de Pasto", reinforced with fibers extracted from plantain rachis agricultural residues. A solvent process, involving grinding, distillation, filtration, and drying stages, was implemented to extract the resin from the plant bud. To obtain the resin from the plant bud, the vegetable material was ground and then dissolved in a water-alcohol blend, followed by distillation, filtration, and grinding until the powdered resin was ready for use in the preparation of the biocomposite. Likewise, using mechanical techniques, the plantain rachis fibers were extracted and worked in their native condition and with a previous alkalinization surface treatment. Finally, the biocomposite material was developed with and without incorporating stearic acid, which was included to reduce the material's moisture absorption. Ultimately stearic acid was used as an additive to reduce biocomposite moisture absorption. The tensile mechanical results showed that the Mopa-Mopa resin reached a maximum strength of 20 MPa, which decreased with the incorporation of the additive to 12 MPa, indicating its plasticization effect. Likewise, slight decreases in moisture absorption were also evidenced with the incorporation of stearic acid. With the inclusion of rachis plantain fibers in their native state, a reduction in the tensile mechanical properties was found, proportional to the amount added. On the other hand, with the alkalinization treatment of the fibers, the behavior was the opposite, evidencing increases in tensile strength, indicating that the fiber modification improved the interfacial adhesion with the Mopa-Mopa matrix. On the other hand, the evaluation of the moisture absorption of the biocomposite material evidenced, as expected, that the absorption level was favored by the relative humidity used in the conditioning (47, 77, and 97%), which also had an impact on the decrease of the mechanical tensile properties, being this was slightly counteracted by the inclusion of stearic acid in the formulation of the material.

Direct Synthesis of MOF-74 Materials on Carbon Fiber Electrodes for Structural Supercapacitors.

The use of fossil fuels has contributed significantly to environmental pollution and climate change. For this reason, the development of alternative energy storage devices is key to solving some of these problems. The development of lightweight structures can significantly reduce the devices' weight, thereby reducing energy consumption and emissions. Combining lightweight structures with alternative energy storage technologies can further improve efficiency and performance, leading to a cleaner and more sustainable system. In this work, for the first time, MOF-74 materials with different divalent metal ions have been synthesized directly on carbon fiber, one of the most widely used materials for the preparation of electrodes for supercapacitors with structural properties. Different techniques, such as nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, cyclic voltammetry or galvanostatic charge-discharge, among others, were used to evaluate the influence of the metal cation on the electrochemical capacitance behavior of the modified electrodes. The Co-MOF-74 material was selected as the best modification of the carbon fibers for their use as electrodes for the fabrication of structural supercapacitors. The good electrochemical performance shown after the incorporation of MOF materials on carbon fibers provides a viable method for the development of carbon fiber electrodes, opening a great variety of alternatives.

Effect of silane coupling agent modification on shape memory behavior and mechanical properties of knitting fabric reinforced composites

Continuous glass fiber fabrics can improve the shortcomings of shape memory polymers in terms of mechanical properties. However, the mechanical properties of shape memory composites will not be optimal if the interface between the glass fibers and the matrix is poorly bonded. The purpose of this study is to explore the thermomechanical properties and shape memory behavior of shape memory epoxy resin and composites before and after the chemical modification of glass fiber. The effects of the ratios of epoxy to curing agent and whether the knitting fabrics are modified with silane coupling agent on the properties of the composites are investigated. The results show that the thermal decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature of the shape memory epoxy polymers increase with the increasing mass ratio of diaminodiphenylmethane. The shape fixing ratios and shape recovery ratios of the knitting fabric reinforced composites with different mass contents and silane coupling agent modification are above 98.0% at 18.0% tensile strain. After 10 cycles, the shape memory performance of the composites modified with KH560 is still good. Besides, the addition of silane coupling agent to the composites can reduce the shape recovery time by 17.9% and increase the recovery force with 30.0% subjected to 18.0% tensile strain. The tensile strength of the shape memory composites modified with silane coupling agent can increase 32.8% as compared with that of the composites without modification.

Effects of alkali equivalent and polypropylene fibres on performance of alkali-activated municipal waste incineration bottom ash-slag mortar

Slag demonstrate significant potential as an important cementitious material for alkali-activated systems; however, the increase in alkali-activated materials has resulted in a short supply of slag. Therefore, other industrial wastes must be identified urgently to replace slag as an alkali-activated material while considering the alkali equivalent (AE) as an important factor affecting alkali-activated materials and the modification of polypropylene fibre (PPF). Effect. In this study, the effects of the AE and PPF length on the fluidity, consistency, compressive strength, and flexural strength of municipal waste incineration bottom ash-slag mortar are investigated by partially replacing slag with bottom ash (BA) derived from waste incineration as an alkali-activated material. The mechanism is elucidated via X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, studies were conducted on the freeze-thaw resistance and dry shrinkage of alkali-activated bottom ash-slag mortar (AABA-SM). The results show that the performance of an AABA-SM can be modified and enhanced by controlling the AE size and the PPF length. Consistency of AABA-SM increased with the AE. The fluidity and mechanical strength of the AABA-SM enhanced significantly when the AE is 6.5%. PPF length of 12 mm were more significant in increasing the flexural strength of AABA-SM. This is attributed to the denser microstructure formed by the appropriate AE and the superior reinforcing effect of the well-coated 12 mm PPFs.In particular, at an AE of 6.5% and a PPF length of 12 mm, the AABA-SM shows a similar change in terms of dry shrinkage as natural mortar and is better resistant to freezing and thawing. This research provides theoretical support to improve the performance of AABA-SM, enhance the utilization of BA, and reduce environmental pollution.

Oxidation of cellulose fibers using LPMOs with varying allomorphic substrate preferences, oxidative regioselectivities, and domain structures

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are excellent candidates for enzymatic functionalization of natural polysaccharides, such as cellulose or chitin, and are gaining relevance in the search for renewable biomaterials. Here, we assessed the cellulose fiber modification potential and catalytic performance of eleven cellulose-active fungal AA9-type LPMOs, including C1-, C4-, and C1/C4-oxidizing LPMOs with and without CBM1 carbohydrate-binding modules, on cellulosic substrates with different degrees of crystallinity and polymer chain arrangement, namely, Cellulose I, Cellulose II, and amorphous cellulose. The potential of LPMOs for cellulose fiber modification varied among the LPMOs and depended primarily on operational stability and substrate binding, and, to some extent, also on regioselectivity and domain structure. While all tested LPMOs were active on natural Cellulose I-type fibers, activity on the Cellulose II allomorph was almost exclusively detected for LPMOs containing a CBM1 and LPMOs with activity on soluble hemicelluloses and cello-oligosaccharides, for example NcAA9C from Neurospora crassa. The single-domain variant of NcAA9C oxidized the cellulose fibers to a higher extent than its CBM-containing natural variant and released less soluble products, indicating a more dispersed oxidation pattern without a CBM. Our findings reveal great functional variation among cellulose-active LPMOs, laying the groundwork for further LPMO-based cellulose engineering.

Chemically tailored molecular surface modification of bamboo pulp fibers for manipulating the electret performance of electret filter media

The surface chemical composition of materials is essential for regulating their charge trapping and storage capabilities, which directly affect their electret performance. Although chemical modification of materials to alter electret performance has been investigated, the mechanism through which electret properties are regulated more systematically via chemical customization has not been elucidated in detail. Herein, p-phenylenediamine, benzidine and 4,4′-diaminotriphenyl, which have different conjugated strength functional groups, were selected to chemically tailor the surface of bamboo pulp fibers to regulate the electret properties and elucidate the regulatory mechanism more systematically. The results showed that the charge trapping and storage properties of materials could be regulated by introducing functional groups with different conjugated strengths to their surfaces, realizing the regulation of the electret properties. Moreover, the charge trapping and storage ability could be tailored more specifically by regulating the number of functional groups. By chemical customization to provide electrostatic effects to the materials, the purification time was reduced by approximately 45 %–52 %. More importantly, a relatively systematic mechanism was proposed to elucidate the effect of the conjugate group strength on the charge trapping and charge storage properties of the material. These findings will provide guidance for the investigation of chemical modifications to regulate the electret performance of materials.

Laboratory testing on cracking characteristics and improvement mechanism of coral mud

In recent years, the development and construction of island reefs have been flourishing. Due to the remoteness of island reefs from the mainland, the scarcity of building materials, and the high transportation costs, it is imperative to use local marine resources, and the potential value and status of coral mud on island reefs, which is formed by the remains of corals and other biological entities, is becoming increasingly prominent. Utilization and optimization of natural resources on island reefs have become a brand-new research direction and challenge. This article mainly focuses on the development of a new type of green engineering material, coral mud, for use in building surface layers. Thickness effects, PVA fiber (vinylon staple fiber) modification, and HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose) adhesive modification are taken into consideration. Through laboratory tests and image processing technology, fractal theory, and electron microscopy experiments, the macro-meso-microscopic multi-scale cracking rules of the coral mud surface layer and the optimization modification rules of PVA fibers and HPMC adhesives are revealed. The results demonstrate that the performance of the coral mud surface layer is superior to that of the kaolin surface layer, and the 10 mm thickness performs better than the 5 mm and 20 mm thicknesses. As the thickness of the coral mud surface layer increases, the contact between coral mud particles becomes denser, the scale of surface micro-cracks decreases, and the number of micro-pores decreases. PVA fibers can effectively inhibit the further development of macro and micro cracks and play a good bridging role. There is a bonding and adhesion relationship between coral mud and PVA fibers, and they have a good synergistic effect in inhibiting macro and mesoscopic cracks. With the increase in HPMC adhesive content, the number of micro-cracks and the scale of micro-cracks decrease accordingly, and the structure and performance of the coral mud surface layer are further improved. Overall, PVA fibers are more effective than HPMC adhesives in inhibiting the cracking of the coral mud surface layer. This provides valuable guidance for the development and application of coral mud in wall surface materials.

Microscale interface mechanism of the improved high and low-temperature performance of modified bamboo fibres-reinforced asphalt mixture

ABSTRACT Using plant fibres to reinforce asphalt mixture and improve its road performance has attracted growing interest. To improve the interfacial adhesion between bamboo fibres (BFs) and asphalt matrix, BFs were treated with acrylate epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) and 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI). The high-temperature stability and low-temperature cracking resistance of the modified BFs-reinforced asphalt mixture were evaluated by the rutting and bending experiments, respectively. The dynamic stability at 60°C and the flexural strength at −10°C of the mixture with modified BFs were improved by 21.67% and 22.84%, respectively. Then, molecular dynamic simulations were implemented to investigate the effect of fiber modification on the interface properties. Simulation results showed that as the grafting density increased from 0 to 2.21 × 10–7 mol/m2, the binding energy increased by 277.2% and 159.3% at 65°C and −15°C, respectively, and the diffusion coefficient decreased by 50.8% and 27.7% at 65°C and −15°C, respectively. As the grafting density further increased to 4.43 × 10−7 mol/m2, the interface performance deteriorated because the dense grafted molecular chains inhibited the diffusion of asphalt to BF surfaces. This work provides an understanding of the interfacial mechanism for optimising the BF-reinforced asphalt mixtures.

Aging Effect of Plasma-Treated Carbon Fiber Surface: From an Engineering Point

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma surface modification has certain aging effect. This article studies the aging effect of plasma (DBD) on the surface modification of carbon fibers. The test results show that plasma (DBD) treatment reduces the impurity particles on the surface of carbon fibers and makes the surface texture coarser. In addition, there is no significant change. After plasma (DBD) treatment, the content of C–O–C, C–O and C=O on the surface of carbon fibers increased from 3.20%, 7.76% and 1.64% to 7.06%, 21.50 and 6.08%, respectively. This is due to the high-energy particle bombardment of the fiber surface, which forms activated carbon atoms on the surface. The free electrons of these activated carbon atoms combine with ionized oxygen in the air. However, with the passage of time, the content of C–O–C, C–O and C=O gradually decreases to 3.31%, 8.57% and 1.77%, respectively. This is because some functional groups formed on the treated carbon fiber surface are not firmly bound, and some of these functional groups containing O2 groups will combine with surrounding substances through irreversible chemical oxidation reactions to produce CO2, which leaves the carbon fiber surface as a gas. The treated carbon fibers will immediately become hydrophilic, and the water contact angle decreases from 148.71° to 0°. With the passage of time, the water contact angle gradually increases to 118.16°, and the hydrophobicity recovers.

Functionalization of bamboo fibers with lawsone dye (Lawsonia inermis) to produce bioinspired hybrid color composite with antibacterial activity

There is great interest in using eco-friendly functional colorants with antibacterial activity to produce colorful textile and plastic products. In this study, we designed, produced, and analyzed a novel multifunctional hybrid color composite colorant with antimicrobial properties, prepared from plant-based products. The new functional color composite was prepared by stabilizing lawsone dye onto amino-silanized cellulose from bamboo fibers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were performed to examine the possible interactions between the lawsone dye and silanized bamboo fibers. The color performance, morphology, chemical stability, and thermal stability of the prepared color composite were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results were compared to those for pure lawsone dye. Modification of amino-silanized bamboo fibers with lawsone dye led to the formation of a light brown colorant that is more resistant to organic solvents (e.g. acetone, ethanol) and elevated temperatures than raw natural dye. Importantly, the designed bamboo fiber/lawsone system (BF-APTES-L) benefits from the synergistic combination of lawsone and bamboo fibers, showing strong antibacterial activity compared to the control sample of bamboo—as evidenced by noticeably inhibited growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis.