Fiber Extraction Methods Research Articles

Relationship between chemical composition, crystallinity, orientation and tensile strength of kenaf fiber

The physical properties of natural growth fibers such as chemical composition content and fiber diameter are highly affected by environmental issues such as environmental changes and fiber extraction methods. These irregularities of the natural fibers seriously affect its utilization in composite as reinforcements. In this study, taking into account the importance of the fiber tensile strength, the correlation degrees between the kenaf fiber tensile strength and the fiber chemical composition, crystallinity, orientation degree were analyzed by the grey relational analysis method. Both the kenaf single fiber and fiber bundle were used as XRD and tensile strength test sample. The chemical composition content and the FTIR were carried out to obtain a correct result of the chemical composition content. It found that for the different XRD and tensile strength test samples, the single fiber showed lower crystallinity, higher orientation degree and tensile strength compared with the fiber bundle. The cellulose content and the orientation degree got the higher correlation degree with single fiber tensile strength, which was 0.674 and 0.640. The highest factor associated with the fiber bundle tensile strength was the orientation degree, the correlation degree was 0.747. The hemicellulose content and the crystallinity also got high correlation degree with the fiber bundle strength, which was 0.687 and 0.640.

Chemical and technological properties of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seed fibrous residues

In industrial processing of the avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit only the pulp is used, resulting in thousands of tons of seeds as a waste by-product. Chemical and technological characterizations were done on fiber residues produced with one of two fiber extraction methods: Method A, using NaHSO3; and Method B, using NaHSO3, NaCl and tris-hydroxymethyl-aminomethane. Proximate composition, total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, acid and neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose were determined. Also, technological properties were evaluated on fiber residues. The main results were: yield did not differ (p>0.05) between methods (A: 45.63%; B: 48.11%), but they did differ (p<0.05) in ash, moisture and nitrogen-free extract. The residues’ relatively high proportions of soluble dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and hemicellulose allowed them to retain four times their weight in water and six times their weight in oil. The properties of avocado seed fibrous residues make them promising technological ingredients in industrial food systems.

Extraction and preparation of bamboo fibre-reinforced composites

Natural plant fibre composites have been developed for the production of a variety of industrial products, with benefits including biodegradability and environmental protection. Bamboo fibre materials have attracted broad attention as reinforcement polymer composites due to their environmental sustainability, mechanical properties, and recyclability, and they can be compared with glass fibres. This review classifies and describes the various procedures that have been developed to extract fibres from raw bamboo culm. There are three main types of procedures: mechanical, chemical and combined mechanical and chemical extraction. Composite preparation from extracted bamboo fibres and various thermal analysis methods are also classified and analysed. Many parameters affect the mechanical properties and composite characteristics of bamboo fibres and bamboo composites, including fibre extraction methods, fibre length, fibre size, resin application, temperature, moisture content and composite preparation techniques. Mechanical extraction methods are more eco-friendly than chemical methods, and steam explosion and chemical methods significantly affect the microstructure of bamboo fibres. The development of bamboo fibre-reinforced composites and interfacial adhesion fabrication techniques must consider the type of matrix, the microstructure of bamboo and fibre extraction methods.

Solid phase analytical derivatization as a sample preparation method

Analytical derivatization (AD) is an important procedure in analysis as it improves the sensitivity, selectivity and chromatographic separation. Solid phase analytical derivatization (SPAD) combines extraction and derivatization into a single step fulfilling many aspects of a good sample preparation technique, which includes low organic solvent consumption, economical, ease of automation with any chromatographic system and applicability in a wide range of complicated matrices. In this review we have focused on wide applications of SPAD when used in combination with different sample preparation methods, such as solid phase extraction, ion exchange resins, solid phase microextraction, in-tube, microfluidic devices, and hollow fiber extraction methods.

Effect of fiber extraction methods on some properties of kenaf bast fiber

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different extraction methods on the fiber morphology, density, chemical composition and tensile strength of kenaf bast fiber. Kena fbast fibers were extracted using different methods (crude, decorticated, water retted, 5% sodium hydroxide retted and 5% benzoate retted) and their physicochemical characteristics were investigated. The morphological characteristics showed a significantly reduced lumen diameter and increased cell wall thickness after treated with NaOH at 5%. On the other hand, increased lumen diameter and a decreased cell wall thickness were observed with the decorticated and water retted bast fibers. A slight increase in fiber density was observed for NaOH and benzoate retted bast fibers indicating cell wall densification. Interestingly, the extraction methods used in this study produced bast fibers with high cellulose content and low sugar and starch due to the removal of wax, oil, pectin and hemicelluloses. Regarding the tensile strength, the water retted bast fibers showed highest tensile strength (426.05MPa), while there was one no difference between decorticated and NaOH retted fibers (386.83 and 393.03MPa, respectively).

Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Resources Recycling Self-Adhesive Products Using Only Bamboo Fibers Extracted with a Machining Center

In recent years, sustainable materials using natural resources have been developed to alleviate environmental problems. Bamboo has especially drawn attention because it has the fastest growth rate among various natural materials, and its fiber also has high specific strength and stiffness like glass fiber. Previously we proposed a high quality bamboo fiber extraction method with a machining center that overcame issues including lower shape accuracy and inefficiency caused by conventional extraction methods. In this paper, we implemented a fabrication of self-adhesive products using only bamboo fibers extracted with a machining center. Moreover, mechanical properties such as Young's modules and tensile strength of the product were investigated. In addition dumping characteristics were also studied. Influences of moisture rate of the products on the properties were evaluated by concerning a practical use. Finally, possibility of the product for bamboo fiber recycling in order to reduce environmental burdens in manufacturing phase was also addressed. As a result, it was found that the self-adhesive products using only bamboo fibers show some reasonable performances.

Registration, atlas estimation and variability analysis of white matter fiber bundles modeled as currents

This paper proposes a generic framework for the registration, the template estimation and the variability analysis of white matter fiber bundles extracted from diffusion images. This framework is based on the metric on currents for the comparison of fiber bundles. This metric measures anatomical differences between fiber bundles, seen as global homologous structures across subjects. It avoids the need to establish correspondences between points or between individual fibers of different bundles. It can measure differences both in terms of the geometry of the bundles (like its boundaries) and in terms of the density of fibers within the bundle. It is robust to fiber interruptions and reconnections. In addition, a recently introduced sparse approximation algorithm allows us to give an interpretable representation of the fiber bundles and their variations in the framework of currents.First, we used this metric to drive the registration between two sets of homologous fiber bundles of two different subjects. A dense deformation of the underlying white matter is estimated, which is constrained by the bundles seen as global anatomical landmarks. By contrast, the alignment obtained from image registration is driven only by the local gradient of the image.Second, we propose a generative statistical model for the analysis of a collection of homologous bundles. This model consistently estimates prototype fiber bundles (called template), which capture the anatomical invariants in the population, a set of deformations, which align the geometry of the template to that of each subject and a set of residual perturbations. The statistical analysis of both the deformations and the residuals describe the anatomical variability in terms of geometry (stretching, torque, etc.) and “texture” (fiber density, etc.).Third, this statistical modeling allows us to simulate new synthetic bundles according to the estimated variability. This gives a way to interpret the anatomical features that the model detects consistently across the subjects. This may be used to better understand the bias introduced by the fiber extraction methods and eventually to give anatomical characterization of the normal or pathological variability of fiber bundles.

1117 マシニングセンタのCNC機能を活用した竹繊維抽出手法の提案(GS-13 工作機械)

1117 マシニングセンタのCNC機能を活用した竹繊維抽出手法の提案(GS-13 工作機械)

Proposed Bamboo Fiber Extraction Method Using a Machining Center

Proposed Bamboo Fiber Extraction Method Using a Machining Center

Structure and properties of high quality natural cellulose fibers from cornstalks

We have developed a fiber extraction method that produces fibers from cornstalks with mechanical properties similar to that of the common textile fibers. The fiber extraction method developed results in partial delignification and produces fibers from cornstalks that are suitable for textile and other industrial applications. The structure of the fibers obtained was investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The structure and composition of the natural cellulose fibers obtained from cornstalks are different than that of the common bast fibers such as flax and kenaf. Tensile properties of the fibers were studied using an Instron tensile tester. This study found that cornstalk fibers have relatively lower percent crystallinity but similar microfibrillar angle as that of the common bast fibers. The structure and properties of cornstalk fibers indicate that the fibers are suitable for producing various textile products.

Dynamic Properties of Fiber-Modified Overlay Mixture

Cores and slabs of fiber-modified asphalt overlay were taken from a series of test sections constructed on two highways in Indiana. Extensive laboratory investigations were conducted to evaluate the fiber-modified asphalt mixtures. Laboratory tests included physical properties, beam fatigue, and complex modulus. Because of a lack of a standard method for fiber extraction, three fiber extraction methods were evaluated. Test results show that more than 95 percent of fiber can be extracted from paving mixtures. Actual fiber contents in test sections were found to be different from target fiber contents by a significant amount. Physical property tests show that the addition of fibers is related to a higher percentage of air voids in the in situ pavement. Results of fatigue tests indicate that fibers increase the fatigue life of overlay mixture. There are inconsistencies in the significance of fiber on both dynamic modulus and phase angle. However, the results do indicate that the addition of fibers will change the viscoelastic properties of mixtures. There is no statistical difference in dynamic modulus and phase angle among the mixtures with different fiber contents.

Dynamic Properties of Fiber-Modified Overlay Mixture

Cores and slabs of fiber-modified asphalt overlay were taken from a series of test sections constructed on two highways in Indiana. Extensive laboratory investigations were conducted to evaluate the fiber-modified asphalt mixtures. Laboratory tests included physical properties, beam fatigue, and complex modulus. Because of a lack of a standard method for fiber extraction, three fiber extraction methods were evaluated. Test results show that more than 95 percent of fiber can be extracted from paving mixtures. Actual fiber contents in test sections were found to be different from target fiber contents by a significant amount. Physical property tests show that the addition of fibers is related to a higher percentage of air voids in the in situ pavement. Results of fatigue tests indicate that fibers increase the fatigue life of overlay mixture. There are inconsistencies in the significance of fiber on both dynamic modulus and phase angle. However, the results do indicate that the addition of fibers will chang...