Fiber Etc Research Articles

Effect of the Glass Fiber Orientation on Mechanical Performance of Epoxy based Composites

Composites are one of the most advanced and adaptable engineering materials. The strength of any composite depends upon volume/weight fraction of reinforcement, orientation angle and other factors. The present work focuses on the determination of the mechanical properties of pure epoxy and unidirectional glass fiber reinforced epoxy. Nowadays, glass fibers are being used in several engineering applications like electronics, aviation, automobile, sport industry etc. Glass fibers are having excellent properties like high strength, flexibility, stiffness, and resistance to chemical attack. With an increase in the content of unidirectional glass fiber volume the properties of unidirectional glass Fiber Reinforcement Polymer (GFRP) composite were improved. It may be used in different forms like chopped, woven mat, short fibers and long fibers etc. Each type of glass fiber has unique properties and is used for different applications. The mechanical and thermal properties of various polymer composites reinforced with glass fibers when subjected to mechanical loading have been studied and reported.

Improving tensile properties of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites based on enhanced multiphase structure: The modification of resin systems and glass fibers

Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites have been widely used as reinforced materials in marine engineering due to their good corrosion resistance and economic benefits. However, the mechanical properties of GFRP are lower than that of composites reinforced by carbon and aramid fibers etc. Methods to improve the mechanical properties of GFRP received ongoing attention. GFRP have various mechanical properties due to the characteristics of its multiple phases. This study developed an optimized processing method based on multiphase structures for GFRP composites, significantly enhancing the tensile properties of GFRP laminates. The modified GFRP can be produced efficiently by this method to meet more utilization situations in marine engineering. The influence of curing agents, silane coupling agents (SCA)-treated glass fibers (GFs), and nanomaterials on GFRP's tensile properties was investigated. The findings reveal a 10.64 % increase in the characteristic load of GF bundles due to the improved bonding between fibers by SCA. Besides, the contact angle between SCA-treated GFs and epoxy resin shows a significant reduction (26.69 %). Variations in ply thickness and resin system distinctly influence the tensile properties and failure modes of GFRP laminates. Laminates with 4-ply GF fabrics facilitate more effective load transfer across the matrix-fiber boundary, yielding optimal tensile properties for GFRP. Epoxy/phenolic amine resin system with more reactive functional groups (-OH) enhances the fiber-resin bonding, further improving the tensile properties of GFRP. The enhancement mechanism of the multiphase structure in GFRP was elucidated by microscale characterization, indicating that the multiphase structures in GFRP, enhanced by SCA, nanomaterials, and functional curing agents, significantly improve its tensile properties.

Behaviour of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Deep Beam for Flexure

Use of deep beam in construction field saves money as well as increase the strength of structure. Reinforced concrete deep beams have very useful structural application such as piles-caps, water tanks and tall buildings. Addition of steel fibers gives good results to both load carrying capacity and increase the flexural strength of the deep beam. Steel fiber is kind of newly developed reinforced material for concrete widely adopted globally now a day, which features good performance in anti-crack, pressure resistance, anti-abrasion bending toughness, affinity with concrete, reinforcement for construction element compjonent and lengthy service life. Thus by using the steel fiber reinforced deep beam with varying percentage of steel fibers increases the first crack load and the ultimate load which gives the high flexural strength to the structure and achieves economy. This paper includes study of behaviour of steel fiber reinforced concrete in deep beam with advantages, disadvantages, properties of steel fiber etc. Keywords: Steel Fiber, Beam, Anti-Abrasion Bending Toughness, Affinity, Reinforcement

Structural properties of concrete reinforced with bamboo fibers: a review

Bamboo fibers show promising results in terms of concrete strength and avoid unavoidable brittle failure. However, an updated assessment is needed which collects all the relevant important information and provides an easy for the reader to judge the suitability of bamboo fibers. Therefore, this review is carried out on bamboo fiber-reinforced concrete to present past and recent research that was already done by another researcher. The fresh properties, structural properties, performance in elevated temperature, durability, and morphology structure are the main parameters of this review. Results indicate that bamboo fibers decreased the concrete flow like other types of fiber such as steel fiber etc. However, an increase in strength parameters was also detected with the addition of bamboo fibers. Furthermore, bamboo fibers increased the tensile strain which avoids undesirable brittle failure. The review also highlights the optimum addition proportion of bamboo fibers which varies from 1 to 1.5% by weight of cement. Finally, the study also recommends potential investigation for upcoming inventions.

Analytical Study on the Effect of Steel Fiber in the Deflection of Pre-Stressed Concrete Beams

Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is being widely used as the structural material owing to its superior engineering properties. From the past, it was understood that Fiber Reinforced Concrete had been proved to be well performing over the time under different practical situations. Fibers enhance the mechanical properties of concrete and in turn change the structbehaviouravior. It is observed that high strength fibers are available such as steel fibers, carbon fibers, basalt fibers, glass fibers etc. Large number of literatures are available to study the influence of these fibers on the flexural behavior of conventional concrete. Application of finite element analysis (FEA) in the behaviour of structural members is gaining momentum. The results from Finite Element Analysis need to be validated with the IS code provisions. In the present research work, an attempt was made to understand the effect of fiber in the deflection of Prestressed concrete beams both through Finite Element Analysis and Indian and American Codes.

A Hybrid Fuzzy based Cross Neighbor Filtering (HF-CNF) for Image Enhancement of fine and coarse powder Scanned Electron Microscopy (SEM) images

Image enhancement is one of the most critical stages towards any image processing application. The outcome of image enhancement determines the accuracy and precise nature of the overall output from the image processing under interest. This research paper has shown specific interests towards enhancement of Scanned Electron Microscopic (SEM) images which are primarily concerned with projection of fine details exist in internal details of surfaces, metals, fine powders, fibers etc. These fine details play a dominant role in detection of minute cracks, artifacts, progressing faults, texture of powders, their coarseness or fineness, internal details of fibers in forensics. However, due to the image capturing process which is through conventional camera-based models, noise tends to be a major source in degrading or blurring the underlying vital information. A cross neighbor fuzzy filter is a hybrid combination called Hybrid Fuzzy Based Cross Neighbor Filtering (HF-CNF) which is proposed in this research paper in order to minimize impulse and random noise to a great extent also to fine tune the further processing stages. The proposed method has been subjected to extensive analysis by comparison with state of art and recent benchmark methods and superior performance justified in terms of several validation metrics.

Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Coconut Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Polymer Composites by FEA analysis

In recent years, composite material replaces conventional material like metal, wood etc due to its light weight, high strength to weight ratio and stiffness properties. Natural fibers like coir, bamboo fiber, banana plant fiber etc has low cost, easily availability and less harmful to human. In this work, coir fiber is used as a reinforced material. Composites were prepared with different weight ratio of coir fibers with epoxy resin. To find the effect of coir fibers on the mechanical properties of composite, tensile test, impact test and hardness test were conducted on the prepared specimens. ASTM D638-V and ASTM D256 standards were used to prepare the specimens for tensile and impact test respectively. Experimental result shows that the addition of coir fibers increases the strength of composite; the composite with 7.5% fiber content shows maximum tensile and impact strength. FEA analysis can be done to save time and compare the experimental data with FEA analysis data . Ansys software is used for FEA analysis . Finally check any difference in experimental data with FEA analysis The experimental values are more than the FEA values. Decrease value in mechanical testing may result of the presence of inhomoginites such as, mixture of matrix and reinforced material thoroughly, air bubbles presence in the specimens

An analysis on vegetables marketing of Odisha- A case study in Angul district

In India production of vegetables being highly seasonal with extreme perish ability causes several problems in production, as well as in marketing.India is the world's largest producer of many vegetables. Whereas Odisha ranked fourth in terms of production of vegetables. Angul district in Odisha, which plays an important role for the vegetable growers and also for the consumers that the farmers could be benefited and the consumers could fetch fresh vegetables in proper price. vegetables will play an important role by contributing adequate vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals, fibres etc but it is a known fact that horticulture sector in India is constrained by low crop productivity, limited irrigation facilities and underdeveloped infrastructure support like cold storages, markets, roads, transportation facilities etc. There are heavy post-harvest and handling losses, resulting in low productivity per unit area and high cost of production. Analysis shows, there is an inverse relation between the farm size of the respondents and their overall problems of marketing vegetables in farmers’ market. This study was done in Angul district of Odisha, India. The total sample size of farmer 152, middlemen 35 and the consumer is 52 respondents have been selected from that region. Chi-square analysis was used to test the hypotheses. There was significant relationship (p< 0.05) among respondent's age, educational background, landholding for vegetable farming, social aspects, benefits, and awareness of vegetable farming. This research is mainly focuses on the village level data of Angul district of Odisha. It focuses on the problems of farmers relating to marketing of vegetables as well as distribution and warehousing issues of the village farmers. It also focuses on the middle men and customer satisfaction towards the vegetable marketing in-term of quality and price.

Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Prishniparni-Desmodium Gangeticum (Linn.) DC.

Prishniparni –Desmodium gangeticum (Linn.) DC. is a well-known drug extensively discussed in the Ayurvedic classics. The plant and the therapeutical potential of its root is highly emphasized in the literature.Pharmacognosy is the study of crude drugs ofplant and animal origin based on macroscopic and microscopic examination for the authentication and quality control. In present study, macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of root, was performed. Powder macroscopy as well as microscopy of powderof the drug was conducted. Assessment of colour, texture, odour and taste of powder were done in powder macroscopy. The macroscopic features of root, such as size, shape, external characters, type of fracture, colour, odour and taste were analysed. In microscopicevaluation of root, the different types of cells, their arrangement and cell contents were observed. The presence of cell constituents like prismatic calcium oxalate crystals, starch grain, stone cells, cork cells and fibres etc in the powder was observedusing powder microscopy.

Characterization of wear of FRP composites: A review

In recent years, the use of FRP Composites has increased at a vast rate because of its possibility to replace traditional materials in different applications. After several studies, it has been found that FRP composites are the best suited to replace conventional materials. FRP composites have several advantages including simplicity of manufacturing, high strength, and low density. As a result, in this study, we investigated several forms of FRP composites, such as Natural and Synthetic. Which helped us in bifurcating the advantages and disadvantages of different types of polymers, fibres etc. However, this research aims at studying the material wear properties of different fibres, their specific wear rate and review the tribological behaviour/applications of different materials such as hybrid carbon epoxy etc. To enhance their properties in various applications. Thus, this research primarily focuses on finding the material wear properties, wear rate of different FRP composites and finding ways to enhance the properties.

Experimental validation of compressive strength prediction using machine learning algorithm

Compressive strength is one of the most important parameters for a fiber reinforced concrete. It varies with respect to the cement content, aggregate diameter and content, fiber volume fraction, length and diameter of the fibers etc. In this paper, an attempt is made to develop the soft computing model which can predict the compressive strength of the concrete if above said ingredients properties are given as the input parameters. Linear Regressor, Support Vector Regressor, LASSO regressor, Ridge Regressor, ElasticNet Regressor, Random Forest Regressor and Artificial Neural Network are the soft computing techniques used in this study to develop the prediction model. 133 data collected from the literature is used for training the model and its validation is done using the 25 data developed in the lab by conducting the compression test study. Theoretically, neural networks give the best results because they can capture non-linear relationships between features. But in our case, the results of random forest regressor are the best with minimum mean squared error. The present work uses nine essential features that affect the experiment performed to determine the strength theoretically. Thus, it aids the research community by making a comparative study of machine learning and deep learning techniques to accurately predict the compressive strength of fiber reinforced concrete.

Mechanical and fire retardant behaviour of Flax/Sisal fiber hybrid composites

Bio-fiber embedded polymers play major role in the fabrication of environmental friendly materials due to their bio-degradable in nature, meticulous strength, low density, high modulus and reduced carbon footprint on the nature. Among many fibers sisal fiber and flax fiber are gaining attention as they possess satisfactory mechanical strength, eco-friendly, abundantly available and cheaper compare to bamboo, kenaf, banana fibers etc,. Sisal and flax fiber will a play an important character to manufacture a various range of automobile products with epoxy resin. Present paper deals the tensile, flexural, compression, moisture absorption behaviour and fire retardant properties of dissimilar weight percentage of NaOH treated sisal/flax fiber incorporated composites. Composites were fabricated by compression molding technique. A 40 wt% of composites shows higher tensile, flexural and compression strength compared to other composites. Burning rate of composite samples is increased with the adding of fiber wt.%. Fractured surface of composite specimens are analysed by Scanning Electron Microscopy.

NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PERIPHERAL LAYERS OF BARLEY GRAINS CULTIVATED IN ALGERIA

The purpose of this paper is to stady the different analyzes were carried out in this work on the peripheral layers (PL) of barley grains of the Saida variety. Barley is the most important cereal rich in primary metabolite than secondary, which are beneficial for human health. Barley flour is based on peripheral layers which are generally intended for cattle feed, for their nutritional values linked to the supply of a food rich in vitamins, proteins, fibers etc. The analysis of polyphenols by liquid chromatography method at high pressure (RP- HPLC-LC 2030C 3D), allowing the detection of a phenolic acid (Syringic acid), the source of brut fibers with a gram of PL is 0.8%. Mineralcontents assessed by the spectrophotometric technique of atomic absorption, reveals that calcium and magnesium are the most abundant with values of 2.8 (mg / kg) and 2.1 (mg / kg) respectively.

Feasibility study of concrete by using polyethylene terephthalate fiber in enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete

In these project Polyethylene terephthalate fiber (PET) fibers are use to improve the mechanical property of concrete and minimize the environmental pollution of earth. PET is use to prepare container for water, cold drinks, food etc. which is single used and it thrown in to the sea, dump on free land and burning. It cause many serious effect on animals, sea animals, destroy land fertility and other health related issues. The PET material are used to improve mechanical property of concrete like compressive strength, dry and wet density and static and dynamic elastic modulus. Thus fibers are available in natural and artificial material. Now a days, artificial fibers are widely used in India. The types of fibers are plastic fibers, glass fibers, steel fibers etc. In India according to solid waste management data is 15,350 tons daily and 1,84,120 tons annually generate, but only 9,350 tons daily and 1,12,120 tons annually collected. So the uncollected data is that about 6000 tons daily and 72,000 tons annually uncollected, in such a way that it causes many problems to the atmosphere so that it becomes environmentally harmful. For developing country concrete is most important material. It is extensively used in construction industry. Concrete have many advantages like long service life, durability, chemical attack resistance etc. Thus concrete has some many disadvantage like low tensile strength, flexural strength and cracks. To overcome these disadvantage add some supplements in concrete to improve its strength. The fiber are one of them. It reduces environmental problem it becomes eco-friendly. In case of compressive strength test, wet density test and direct method of UPV result are obtain as concrete carry higher applied load also it give high compressive strength, high wet and dry density of concrete and quality of concrete is good when adding 0.4% of shape - 01 PET fiber in concrete.

A review of fused filament fabrication (FFF): Process parameters and their impact on the tribological behavior of polymers (ABS)

The current review is focuses on a comprehensive investigation of the process parameters such as height of layer, orientation, speed of printing, Air gap, fill density, Infill structure, Raster angle, Width of raster, temperature of bed and how they influence the tribological behavior of the ABS specimens fabricated using the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), The tribological properties of FDM build parts are highly affected by these process parameters. Due to this, researchers have explained optimum values of these parameters to enhance the tribological behavior. According to the application, for which the part is produced, these process parameters should be chosen cautiously. For a particular demand, some of process parameters are important than rest, so there is need to be identify and optimize these important parameters for these researchers have investigated and employed different Design of Experiments (DOE) which are discussed in this paper. Another way of improving tribological behavior of ABS is the addition of material such as, such as graphite, PTFE, Zirconia, CaCO3, and, carbon fiber etc. The addition of materials to polymers has a significant impact on the wear resistance quality. This not only affect wear but also improve the friction coefficient as compare to the pure polymer. This paper aims at reviewing recent research on improving tribological behavior of ABS parts produced using FDM process.

Analytical Study on Reinforced Concrete Beam With Carbon, Steel and Glass Fibers

Reinforced concrete mostly used in construction materials in the world. Fibre reinforced concrete in which small and discontinuous fibres are dispersed commonly. Fibre reinforced concrete used in fibres may be in different materials like carbon, steel and glass fibres etc. In addition of these fibres increases the compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength of concrete. carbon fibre reinforced concrete (CFRC) containing fibres of 1.5% and 0.2 of poisons ratio and steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) containing fibres of 1.5% and 0.21 of poisons ratio and Glass fibre reinforced concrete (GFRC) containing fibres of 1.5% and 0.2 of poisons ratio. The results that comparing normal beam with fibre beam results. Its type and dimensions are selected based on preliminary study using ANSYS Software.

Study on Fly Ash Based Interlocking Concrete Paver Block Using Chopped Fibers

In modern days concrete paver block turned in to a component of towns and urban areas. It is to be locating in residential, commercial and industrial areas like as shopping malls, parking areas, footpaths, transport stops etc. The aim of this paper is to construct paver block by using cement is replaced by different percentages of fly ash and various types of fibers. There are the motive behind using of fly ash in concrete to improve the durability and strength of harden concrete and fly ash also cost effective. In this paper also discussed about the various types of chopped fibers which used in paver blocks like nylon fiber, steel fiber, coconuts fibers, glass fibers, polypropylene fibers etc for improving strength of paver blocks. The other materials have composed to design paver blocks, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate for concrete mixture. The curing process of paver block has done for 7days, 14 days and 28days. After curing days it is tested for compressive strength.

A Review on Recent Advancements in Roller Compacted Concrete

Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) is a durable material highly used for Pavements and Dams construction. In this regard being a high qualified material for its many advantages like Faster paving, Labor savings, Tax savings etc., researchers have produced many significant studies and derived the best results by various approaches. Some research includes the study of roller compacted concrete by partial replacement of cementitious minerals such as GGBS, admixtures like Glass fibres, Synthetic Fibres etc. With the help of locally available materials many tests have been conducted and results were shared to the world for further scope of study. Roller compacted concrete (RCC) has many advantages and the main attraction is its low water requirement with high workability and high compaction. This automatically results the outstanding compression strength. Current research has been focused on the improvement of mechanical properties and durability of the roller Compacted concrete incorporating different minerals and materials. In this paper, the Review of the papers have been presented in order to come to an overall understanding of the current progress for the Roller Compacted Concrete which is mainly being used for Roads, pavements, Parking lots and Dams.

Liquid Wood Rheology

“Liquid wood” is a biopolymer composite exhibiting a lignin matrix. Lignin is separated as a by-product of paper. Following research by German scientists from a production company, an invention was made that determines a new use of lignin, the capitalization of said product in this case being superior. This material combines lignin with other natural substances: resins, waxes, vegetable fibres etc. It results a polymer that exhibits certain physic-chemical properties which recommend it for large scale use, being able to substitute plastic materials. Some of the properties of “liquid wood” are: it is a thermo-injectable polymer, it is obtained from renewable resources and it is biodegradable. Existing injection or extruding machines, used for synthetic polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene, can be employed to obtain various “liquid wood” parts. It has been observed that injection process parameters influence mechanical and physic – chemical properties of products obtained from “liquid wood”. In order to find the optimal injection parameters for an object that exhibits certain mechanical and physic – chemical properties, it is necessary to determine the rheological properties of “liquid wood”. In this paper, several “liquid wood” rheological properties have been determined, in order to assist the optimization of the injection process.

Attentive Study on Strength Characteristics of Expansive Soils on Subgrade of Express Highways by utilisation of RBI Grade-81 and Local Polymers

Chemical stabilization is one of the oldest methods of stabilization of problematic soil. In recent days, it has been investigated that addition of fibers will improve the ductility behavior of the soil there by reducing the development of crack during shrinkage. Extensive study has been carried out on the stabilization of expansive soils using various additives such as RBI, cement, flyash, industrial waste products etc., and also with random inclusion of fibers such as coir, sisal, polyester fibers etc. Randomly oriented tensile inclusions incorporated into soil to improve its load–deformation behaviour by interacting with the soil particles mechanically through surface friction and Effect of Random Inclusion of Coir Fibers on Strength Behaviour of RBI Treated Black Cotton Soil. This project describes the strength behavior of treated black cotton soil (BC soil) reinforced with local fiber. The various percentage of RBI Grade-81 as 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% was used to find out the optimum value of RBI Grade. local polymer has been randomly included into the RBI Grade treated soil at four different percentages of local fiber content, i.e. 0.5%, 1% 1.5%, and 2% (by weight of soil).