Fiber Reinforced Polymer Rebars Research Articles

Bond Strength Prediction Model of Ribbed FRP Bars in Concrete

The bond behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars is a critical factor in the mechanical performance of FRP rebar reinforced concrete structures, but until now, there has been limited research on the effect of rib forming process and geometrical features of ribbed FRP bars on the bond behavior, and no relevant provisions are incorporated into the current main design codes. In the paper, the spirally-glued FRP bar was taken into consideration, and bond test data were collected to investigate the main test parameters on the bond failure modes and bond strength. Greater emphasis was placed on the effect of rib forming process and geometrical features of such ribbed FRP bars on bond behavior. Results shown the macroscopic failure mode was pullout failure. More specifically, the spirally-glued FRP bar mainly exhibited shearing off of FRP bar ribs, and bond strength increased by increasing concrete strength. Spirally-glued FRP bars shown higher bond strength by increasing concrete cover which contributes to better confinement to FRP bars. Bond strength of spirally-glued FRP bars could be improved by increasing relative rib height hrd and FRP bar rib width ratio Fr. Multivariate nonlinear regression was adopted to propose a suitable formula to estimate bond strength. The calculated results by the proposed equation were in good agreement with the test results with greater accuracy than the current design codes. This is because the effect of rib forming process and geometrical features of FRP ribs on bond strength is accurately accounted in the proposed equation.

Estimating the punching shear capacities of concrete slabs reinforced by steel and FRP rebars with ANN-Based GUI toolbox

In this paper, the punching shear capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs reinforced by steel and fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars jointed to circular, square, and rectangular columns was estimated by various artificial neural networks (ANNs). A large experimental database, including 164 tests, was compiled to achieve this goal. The influential input parameters contained the cross-section area of the column, the perimeter of the critical section in the RC slab, the effective depth of the RC slab, the modulus of elasticity, the reinforcement ratio of steel and FRP rebars, and the compressive strength of concrete. The results showed that considering 8 neurons in the single hidden layer, named ANN-6-8-1, and respectively 15 and 5 neurons in the first and second hidden layers in multi-layer models, named ANN-6-15-5-1, were the optimized configurations. The results showed the ANN-6-15-5-1 model with an R value of 0.9925, and a MAPE error value of 7.48% is more accurate. Among the existing models, the Ospina et al. and Metwally models, respectively, with R values of 0.9473 and 0.9386 and MAPE values of 18.77% and 15.40 %, were the best ones. Eventually, a graphical user interface (GUI) toolbox is provided to enable the user to calculate the punching shear capacity of RC slabs in practice.

Comparison of the Prediction of Effective Moment of Inertia of FRP Rebar-Reinforced Concrete by an Optimization Algorithm.

FRP (fiber-reinforced polymer)-reinforced concrete members have larger deflection than reinforced concrete members because of the low modulus of elasticity of the FRP bar. In this paper, we proposed a new effective moment of inertia equation to predict the deflection of FRP-reinforced concrete members based on the harmony search algorithm. The harmony search algorithm is used to optimize a function that minimizes the error between the deflection value of the experimental result and the deflection value expected from the specimen's specifications. In the experimental part, four GFRP (Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer)- and BFRP (Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer)-reinforced concrete slab specimens were manufactured and tested. FRP-reinforced concrete slabs were reinforced with GFRP and BFRP rebars on spiral rib surfaces. The effects of the FRP reinforcement ratio and balanced reinforcement ratio (ρf/ρfb), the moment of inertia of the transformed cracked section and the gross moment of inertia (Icr/Ig), and the cracking moment and the maximum service load moment (Mcr/Ma) on the effective moment of inertia have been considered. The experimental results and predicted results of the flexural testing of concrete slabs reinforced with FRP rebars were compared, and the experimental results were in good agreement with the calculated values using the proposed effective moment of inertia equation.

Stress-strain state of combined steel-FRP reinforced concrete beams

Steel reinforcements in reinforced concrete structures are susceptible to corrosion under different exposure conditions. This can lead to some disadvantages, including concrete deterioration, reduced long-term service life, increased cost of the structure due to re-strengthening measures, and reduced overall durability of the structure. In order to solve these problems, the issue of comprehensive use of Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcements as an alternative to steel bars is urgent. FRP reinforcements have specific advantages including corrosion resistance, high tensile strength, density four times lighter than steel, and also linear expansion coefficient under the influence of temperature is small like concrete. In order to increase the load bearing capacity and ductility, it is recommended to effectively use steel rebar together with FRP rebar as a combination reinforcement, taking into account brittleness characteristic of FRP reinforcement and low modulus of elasticity. In this article, concrete beams with combined reinforcement are modelled by using ANSYS Workbench 2022 software. By testing virtual model, deflection corresponding to the value of the applied load on the beam, compressive and tensile stresses in the concrete, and stresses in FRP and steel reinforcement located in the tension zone were determined and analyzed.

Combination of 3D solid finite elements with rotation-free beam elements for non-linear analysis of fiber reinforced polymer rebars

We present a combination of three dimensional (3D) solid elements and rotation-free beam elements for non-linear analysis of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) of rebars. The matrix material is modelled by 3D solid elements while the fibers are modelled with rotation-free beam elements. The absence of rotation variables in the beam elements allows the straightforward coupling of 3D solid and beam elements using a formulation with displacement nodal degrees of freedom only. Both solid and beam elements are formulated in an updated Lagrangian description. The behavior of the matrix and the fiber material are modelled with an elastic-damage model. The efficiency and accuracy of the combined 3D-beam element formulation are verified in examples of application to the analysis of FRP rebars up to fracture in axial, bending and shear tests for which experimental results are available.

Effect of confining stirrups and bar gap in improving bond behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bar lap splices in RC beams

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars are becoming a popular replacement for steel rebars that are vulnerable to corrosion, especially under harsh corrosive environments. Despite several advantages for using FRP rebars, the bond between FRP bars and surrounding concrete has been a major concern that affects the behavior of FRP-reinforced structural members. The experimental program of this study comprises testing eight full-scale glass FRP (GFRP) reinforced beams under two-point loads. There were two control beams and six beams having rebar lap splices. The beams were reinforced using 2ϕ12 GFRP bars. The first control had continuous GFRP bars, and the 2nd control had GFRP lap splice conforming to the relevant ACI code. The lap splice was 65 times the bar diameter in six beams having lap splice. The contact lap and non-contact laps were used along with the variable spacing of shear stirrups in the lap zone (50, 100 mm, ∞, i.e., no shear stirrups). The lap splice, designed conforming to the ACI code, was found to be very conservative. The reduction in shear stirrups’ spacing in the lap zone and the gap between lapped bars was found to enhance the bond performance of GFRP bars by up to 31 %. The authors’ previous models for predicting development length and bond are found to show good predictions for the experimental results of the present study as well. Analytical models are developed for predicting with sufficient precision the peak load for GFRP reinforced beams with the two types of lap splices (non-contact and contact).

Dynamic Performance Enhancement of One-way Reinforced Concrete Slabs by Fiber-reinforced Polymer Re-bars and Aluminum Foam under Air-blast Loading

In the present study, finite element (FE) simulations are performed using the high fidelity physics-based finite element program, ABAQUS/CAE on the models of the one-way normal strength concrete slab, reinforced with the High Yield Strength Deformed (HYSD) steel re-bars, subjected to air-blast loading. The FE models are developed and subjected to different quantities of the TNT explosive charges at different scaled distances (between 0.75 and 3.0 m/kg1/3) in free air. There exists a good correlation between available experimental values/observations and the results obtained analytically. Analyses have been extended replacing the conventional steel re-bars with the re-bars of the fiber-reinforced polymers namely; aramid, basalt, carbon, and glass, of equivalent strength on the tension side, impact side only, and both the sides of the slab. The replacement has been considered to improve the blast resistance of the slab. The damage in the slabs has been simulated using the available sophisticated material model to evaluate geometric parameters of cracks. FE simulation results for the considered combinations of the reinforcement have been compared to arrive at the best reinforcement combination in the slab. To further enhance the blast performance of this slab, single and double layers of the aluminum foam has also been considered on the impact face. Application of the aluminum foam is found to be effective in reducing the mid-span deflection, damage dissipation energy, and depth of transverse flexural cracks.

Theoretical Prediction of Two-Peak Behavior of GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Compressive Members

The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in compressive members is advantageous to reinforced concrete structures in order to alleviate the problem of corrosion of steel reinforcement and to produce a lightweight and efficient structural element. This investigation aims to propose the theoretical models for capturing the axial loading capacity (ALC) of hollow concrete columns (HCCs) having main FRP rebars and transverse FRP spirals. All the glass-FRP-reinforced HCCs portray two-peak load performance. The first peak is due to the gross cross-sectional area of concrete while the second peak is due to the core material laterally wrapped with FRP spirals. For the prediction of the first peak load of HCCs which is equal to the maximum capacity of solid concrete columns, a database of 279 FRP-reinforced columns was produced from the previous research and the ALC models were suggested; one for capturing the first peak and the other for estimating the second peak ALC of HCCs. The predictions of proposed models were compared with the test results from the literature. A close relationship was perceived between the theoretical and experimental results.

Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Short Columns with GFRP Bars

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) Rebar ‘s has an innovative material it’s been a potential application in construction practices due to its high tensile strength, corrosive resistance ease in its applications and relatively simple construction technique. To tap such potential, the existing body of knowledge on GFRP must be expanded to provide a proper basis for officials to add this method of construction to the provisions of the building code. This thesis aims to add to that body of knowledge through experimental investigation on performance of Glass fibre reinforced bar in compression members. Load carrying capacities of long and short columns reinforced longitudinally with glass fiber reinforced polymer rebar and laterally with steel bar were compared with steel reinforcement in this research. Test series consisted of columns having 150 Ø mm diameter and 660 mm length of 3 short columns. The main study in this program is on replacing the longitudinal reinforcement partially with GFRP bars and cement replaced by 20% with silica fume. Comparing such differently reinforced column with fully steel reinforced and GFRP reinforced columns. Load carrying capacities and failure behaviour of columns were observed by experimental investigation and compared with theoretical values. From the obtained results, it is observed that the replacement in longitudinal reinforcement partially with GFRP bars in short & long columns show the higher load carrying capacities. And the failure of the column is changed for the short columns

Manufacturing of prestressed glass fiber reinforced polymer rebars and effect of fiber pretension on durability of rebars after conditioning in alkaline solution

Applying specific amount of fiber pretension during the manufacturing process of the composite rebars would potentially enhance their performance and durability. In this study, five sets of lab-scale prestressed glass fiber/vinyl-ester composite rebars were fabricated. Each set was manufactured using unique amount of fiber pretension. A set of unprestressed composite rebar was prepared as well. The effect of fiber pretension on the microstructure, tensile properties and long-term durability of rebars was investigated. In addition, the performance of the prestressed composite rebars was compared to composite rebars currently available in the market. An improvement in fiber alignment and a reduction in void content were observed within the pretensioned rebars. The composite rebars fabricated with pretension of 30 MPa showed the maximum increase in tensile properties. The guaranteed tensile strength and average tensile modulus were improved by 7.5% and 2.6%, respectively, compared to the unprestressed counterpart. The prestressed rebars showed relatively less surface degradation and lower moisture absorption after conditioning in alkaline solution at 60°C for 90 days. After conditioning, the tensile properties of the prestressed composite rebars showed superiority over the unprestressed rebar. Comparing to composite rebars available in the market, the prestressed composite rebars prepared in this study showed high performance in both short-term and long-term use.

Influence of elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced polymer laminates produced by vacuum infusion

One of the main concerns about the use of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials in civil engineering is their behaviour when subjected to elevated temperatures and under fire exposure. In fact, considerable reductions in the mechanical properties of FRP materials have been reported even at moderately elevated temperatures (e.g. 50–150 °C), due to the glass transition of their polymeric matrices. Most previous studies on this topic have focused on the mechanical characterization at elevated temperatures of quasi-unidirectional pultruded FRP composites, namely profiles, rebars and strips; much less data is available about FRP materials produced with different methods with more balanced fibre architectures. This paper aims at contributing to fulfil this knowledge gap by presenting experimental and analytical investigations about the effects of elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties of glass-FRP (GFRP) laminates produced by vacuum infusion, with a balanced fibre architecture, representative of typical GFRP face sheets of sandwich panels used in civil engineering structures. The experimental programme included (i) tensile tests up to 300 °C, (ii) compressive tests up to 250 °C, and (iii) shear tests up to 200 °C, all under steady state conditions, as well as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results obtained confirm that the mechanical properties of the GFRP laminates are severely affected by the temperature increase, especially those that are matrix-dependent: compared to room temperature, at 200 °C, the shear modulus was reduced by 88%, whereas the compressive strength and modulus were reduced by 96% and 67%, respectively. The tensile properties (fibre-dominated) were much less affected - at 200 °C, the tensile strength and modulus were reduced by 40% and 48%, respectively. Finally, the suitability of four empirical models and of a design-oriented temperature conversion factor to take into account the variation of the GFRP mechanical properties with temperature was assessed. Overall, the empirical models presented good agreement with the test data, and the temperature conversion factor provided conservative estimates of the material properties, attesting its suitability for design purposes.

Experimental studies into the strength of compressed concrete elements reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer rebars

Introduction. Reinforced concrete structures affected by various aggressive environments operate under off-center compression. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars replacing steel reinforcement in these structures are capable of increasing their durability and decreasing operating costs. However, the use of FRP rebars is limited by insufficient previous research into the methods of designing such constructions. The majority of international regulatory technical documents concerning the design of concrete structures reinforced with FRP rebars indicate the necessity of detailed studies into the stress-strain state of these structures under compression.Aim. To study the effect of longitude and shear reinforcement on load-bearing characteristic of stressed concrete samples reinforced with longitudinal glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars.Materials and methods. The study was carried out using a concrete prism sample with different parameters of longitudinal and shear reinforcement. Five types of GFRP rebars differing in mechanical properties, as well as anchorage were considered. Shear reinforcement of the samples was performed with metal clamps at different pitches. The sample testing was fulfilled using centric compression with static load.Results. The strength values of compressed concrete samples reinforced with GFRP rebars were obtained. An increase of up to 19 % in the strength of compressed concrete samples reinforced with GFRP rebars was found in comparison with non-reinforced samples.Conclusions. The strength of compressed concrete elements increases when reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer rebars. The degree of increase in the strength of such elements depends on the number of longitudinal reinforcements, as well as shear reinforcement pitch. The effect of the type of anchorage of GFRP rebars along with the values of its compression resistance on the strength of compressed concrete elements have not been established.

Flexural Performance of Concrete Structures Reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)

ne of the most recent uses of FRP is to replace the use of steel in reinforced concrete structures. There are multiple reasons for deciding to choose FRP instead of steel such as their lightweight which can be quite beneficial to the design of buildings, high strength, and high flexibility. However, the initial use of this material was anticipated in the retrofitting of heritage buildings or any other damaged structures. There are several studies that concentrated on the use of FRP to enhance shear and flexural strength of concrete structures. However, limited studies concentrated on the effect of FRP on flexural behavior of concrete beams. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the flexural performance of concrete beams that are reinforced using fiber reinforced polymers. The experimental program that was conducted in this study was divided into 4 different beams, 2 of them were reinforced using ordinary steel, while the other 2 were reinforced using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The highest potential deflection occurred in steel beam was 4.2 mm after applying a maximum of 42 MPa. The second beam was reinforced with FRP and accomplished 38.06 MPa, and the resulted deflection was around 12mm. The third beam was reinforced with steel and highest flexural strength measured was 75.56 MPa, while the deflection resulted from this load is 5.52 mm. Finally, the last beam was reinforced using FRP rebar and resulted deflection was 11.11 from 60.84 MPa. This study has showed the potential of using FRP in concrete structures especially in terms of flexural performance. Further studies are needed to investigate the influence of water and chemical substances on the performance of concrete beams reinforced with FRP.

Behavior of externally prestressed continuous beams with FRP/steel rebars under symmetrical/unsymmetrical loading: Numerical study

This study examines the use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars as an alternative to steel rebars in externally prestressed concrete (EPC) continuous beams to alleviate the corrosion problem. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on continuous EPC beams with FRP rebars, taking into account the pattern of loading. By utilizing an experimentally verified computer model, numerical assessments are conducted on two-span EPC beams with carbon FRP (CFRP), glass FRP (GFRP) or steel rebars, subjected to symmetrical or unsymmetrical loading. The results show that providing a minimum FRP rebars is more effective in alleviating the cracking concentration than providing steel rebars. At ultimate, unsymmetrical loading leads to greater deflection in the critical midspan but lower tendon stress than symmetrical loading, while the deflection or stress difference highly depends on the type of rebars (FRP/steel). Several design codes for calculating the ultimate tendon stress are evaluated. Practical equations are proposed to predict the ultimate tendon stress in continuous EPC beams with FRP/steel rebars. The proposed equations exhibit much better predictions than the design codes.

Finite Element and Artificial Neural Network Modeling of FRP-RC Columns Under Axial Compression Loading

The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars to overcome the corrosion problems in various reinforced concrete structures is now well documented in the literature. As a result, the currently available design guidelines such as North American design codes allow for using the FRP bars as alternative materials to steel bars to be incorporated into the concrete structures. In practice, hollow-core concrete columns (HCCs) are widely accepted to make a lightweight structure and reduce its cost. Due to the lack of laboratory tests, engineers may not perform a safe design of HCCs with internal FRP bars. Therefore, the presented paper has endeavored to numerically and theoretically explore using the FRP bars and spirals as internal reinforcement for HCCs and investigate the effects of several test parameters. Using the current version of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) ABAQUS (3DS, 2014), a total of 116 HCCs were simulated based on 29 specimens experimentally tested by the researchers which acted as control specimens for the FE model. The complex structural response of concrete was reasonably determined using the concrete damaged plasticity model (CDPM) and the mechanical response of the FRP rebars are considered to behave linearly up to failure with no yielding stage. The calibrated FE model can provide an excellent portrayal of the HCCs’ response. Based on the database obtained from laboratory and simulation, several Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were further provided to predict the confined compressive load of GFRP-RC HCCs at different loading stages.

Ensemble Tree-Based Approach towards Flexural Strength Prediction of FRP Reinforced Concrete Beams.

Due to rise in infrastructure development and demand for seawater and sea sand concrete, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars are widely used in the construction industry. Flexural strength is an important component of reinforced concrete structural design. Therefore, this research focuses on estimating the flexural capacity of FRP-reinforced concrete beams using novel artificial intelligence (AI) decision tree (DT) and gradient boosting tree (GBT) approaches. For this purpose, six input parameters, namely the area of bottom flexural reinforcement, depth of the beam, width of the beam, concrete compressive strength, the elastic modulus of FRP rebar, and the tensile strength of rebar at failure, are considered to predict the moment bearing capacity of the beam under bending loads. The models were trained using 60% of the database and were validated first-hand on the remaining 40% database employing the correlation coefficient (R), error indices namely, mean absolute error, root mean square error (MAE, RMSE) and slope of the regression line between observed and predicted results. The developed models were further validated using sensitivity and parametric analysis. Both models revealed comparable performance; however, based on the comparison of the slope of the validation data (0.83 for GBT model against 0.75 for the DT model) and higher R for the validation phase in case of the GBT model in comparison to the DT, the GBT model can be considered more accurate and robust. The sensitivity analysis yielded depth of the beam as the most influential parameter in contributing flexural strength of the beam, followed by the area of flexural reinforcement. The developed GBT model surpasses the existing gene expression programming (GEP) model in terms of accuracy; however, the current American Concrete Institute (ACI) model equations are more reliable than AI models in predicting the flexural strength of FRP-reinforced concrete beams.

A Review of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Structures

This paper reviews Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites in Civil Engineering applications. Three FRP types are used in Structural Engineering: FRP profiles for new construction, FRP rebars and FRP strengthening systems. Basic materials (fibres and resins), manufacturing processes and material properties are discussed. The focus of the paper is on all-FRP new-build structures and their joints. All-FRP structures use pultruded FRP profiles. Their connections and joints use bolting, bonding or a combination of both. For plate-to-pate connections, effects of geometry, fibre direction, type and rate of loading, bolt torque and bolt hole clearance, and washers on failure modes and strength are reviewed. FRP beam-columns joints are also reviewed. The joints are divided into five categories: web cleated, web and flange cleated, high strength, plate bolted and box profile joints. The effect of both static and cyclic loading on joints is studied. The joints’ failure modes are also discussed.

Performance of Two-Way Concrete Slabs Reinforced with Basalt and Carbon FRP Rebars

Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars are being increasingly used to reinforce concrete structures that require long-term resistance to a corrosive environment. This study presents structural performance of large scale two-way concrete slabs reinforced with FRP rebars, and their performances were compared against conventional steel reinforced concrete. Both carbon FRP (CFRP) and basalt FRP (BFRP) were considered as steel replacement. Experimental results showed that the CFRP- and BFRP-RC slabs had approximately 7% and 4% higher cracking moment capacities than the steel-RC slab, respectively. The BFRP-RC slabs experienced a gradual decrease in the load capacity beyond the peak load, whereas the CFRP-RC slabs underwent a sharp decrease in load capacity, similar to the steel-RC slab. The BFRP-RC slabs demonstrated 1.72 times higher ductility than CFRP-RC slabs. The steel-RC slab was found to be safe against punching shear but failed due to flexural bending moment. The FRP-RC slabs were adequately safe against bending moment but failed due to punching shear. At failure load, the steel rebars were found to be yielded; however, the FRP rebars were not ruptured. FRP-RC slabs experienced a higher number of cracks and higher deflection compared to the steel-RC slab. However, FRP-RC slabs exhibited elastic recovery while unloading. Elastic recovery was not observed in the steel-RC slab. Additionally, the analytical load carrying capacity was validated against experimental values to investigate the efficacy of the current available standards (ACI 318-14 and ACI 440.1R-15) to predict the capacity of a two-way slab reinforced with CFRP or BFRP. The experimental load capacity of the CFRP-RC slabs was found to be approximately 1.20 times higher than the theoretical ultimate load capacity. However, the experimental load capacity of the BFRP-RC slabs was 6% lower than their theoretical ultimate load capacity.

Flexural behaviour of geopolymer concrete beams reinforced with BFRP and GFRP polymer composites

The paper presents the experimental investigations on the flexural behaviour of geopolymer concrete beams reinforced with Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BFRP)/Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) rebars and the effect of inclusion of the new adhesively bonded BFRP/GFRP stirrups. M30 grade geopolymer and conventional concrete beams with the dimension of 100 × 160 × 1700 mm were cast to investigae the flexural behaviour of BFRP/GFRP and steel bars. This study also examined the mode of failure, deflection behaviour, curvature moment capacity, crack width, pattern, propagation, strains and average crack width of the BFRP/GFRP bars with stirrups in the geopolymer concretes using a four-point static bending test. The results were compared to that of conventional steel-reinforced concrete, and it was found that the Basalt and Glass reinforced polymer beams demonstrated premature failure and sudden shear failure. Further, the FRP bars exhibited higher mid-span deflection, crack width and crack propagation than steel bars. Crack spacing of the FRP bars decreased with an increase in the number of cracks. The correlation between the load and the deflection behaviour of the beams was determined using statistical analysis of multi variables regression.

Study of Geopolymer Concrete Beam with Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Rebars – A Review

Reinforced Concrete (RC) is a widely used composite material in construction. It is composed of concrete with high compressive strength and steel bars and stirrups of high tensile strength placed longitudinally and transversely, complementing each other in overcoming their weaknesses. Corrosion of steel reinforcement and cement sustainability are two main persistent issues creating great difficulty in the entire construction industry across the globe. Sincere efforts were also made to replace ordinary Portland cement with geopolymer cement, and steel reinforcements with fiber reinforcement for more than two decades. Different combinations were tried in using them for beams, slabs, columns, and combinations of the above. Though researchers have shown many leads in the research, no concrete proofs were made about the better combinations and the structural code for common usage. In this paper, available literature were reviewed in detail and summarized. A study was carried out for the intended purpose to identify focus areas for further research, and it is listed.