Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites Research Articles

Water-soaking effect and influence of nanoclay on mechanical properties of bamboo/glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

Water-soaking effect and influence of nanoclay on mechanical properties of bamboo/glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

Bio-degradable waste banana and neem fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites: characteristics study

Bio-degradable waste banana and neem fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites: characteristics study

Influence of heat treatment and water absorption on mechanical properties of cotton-glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites: An eco-friendly approach for industrial materials

The effect of the heat treatment and the water absorption of the glass-fiber and recycled cotton fabric-reinforced hybrid composites on the mechanical and physical characteristics were examined in the research. The heat treatment at 80 °C significantly improved G-C-G's tensile as well as flexural strengths by 21% and 28%, respectively. However, due to the improved bonding among the matrix and fiber, G-C-G layer fiber hybrid composites performed better mechanical characteristics than the other alternative composite layers. However, after water absorption, the tensile, and flexural strength of all types of composites diminished from the as-cast samples. In this instance, the flexural and tensile strengths of the G-C-G hybrid composites decreased by 12.87% and 19.11%, respectively, and the bonding between the fiber and matrix degraded was evaluated by SEM images. The maximum amount of water absorption (23.15%) is found for C–C–C composites due to the porosity presented in the cotton fiber. The study evaluated optimal ratios of glass fiber to cotton-reinforced composites, considering both practical and financial aspects. In this case, the G-G-G composites always show better mechanical properties, but the variation among the strength of G-G-G as well as G-C-G is marginal. G-C-G fiber-based hybrid materials are more acceptable because of their affordable cost as well as biodegradable properties than G-G-G composites. Cotton/glass fiber reinforced composites have been proposed as an alternative to appealing elements in the building, automotive, and textile industries.

Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Carbon Fiber/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites Filled with Al2O3 Particles

In this study, we produced Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) reinforced carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP, GFRP) composites and investigated mechanical and tribological properties. Al2O3 was dispersed in epoxy resin using a mechanical stirrer. The composites are produced via the hand lay-up method and dried at room temperature for 48 hours. The properties of composites were determined via Archimedes’ method, flexural, impact, hardness and wear tests. The highest flexural strength and hardness were found at 946.3 MPa and 48.7 HBA for 3 wt.% Al2O3 reinforced CFRP, respectively. The highest impact strength was observed at 187.4 kJ/m2 for an un-reinforced GFRP composite. The lowest Coefficient of Friction (COF) and wear depth was found 3 wt.% Al2O3 reinforced GFRP composites.

Mechanical, Morphological, and Fire Behaviors of Sugar Palm/Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites

This research aims to investigate using sugar palm fiber (SPF) and glass fiber (GF) in an epoxy matrix to develop composite materials with improved mechanical, morphological, and flammability properties. The mechanical and flammability properties are examined per ASTM standards, while the morphological study examines the fractured surfaces of the samples. Using the hand lay-up technique, the hybrid composite comprises 15% SPF, 15% GF, and 70% epoxy resin. Three treatments are applied to the SPF: untreated, alkaline treated, and benzoyl chloride treated, which enables research into the effect of fiber treatment on mechanical properties and flammability. The morphological investigation reveals that both treated SPF/GF/EP composites exhibit lower tensile strength than the untreated SPF/GF/EP composite due to inadequate mechanical interlocking at the fiber-matrix interface. However, the alkaline-treated SPF/GF/EP composite demonstrates a 24.8% improvement in flexural strength, a 1.52% increase in impact strength, and a 9.76% enhancement in flammability. Similarly, the benzoyl chloride-treated SPF/GF/EP composite improves flexural strength, impact strength, and flammability by 24.6%, 0.51%, and 5.66%, respectively. These results highlight the potential of fiber treatment to improve composite materials’ mechanical and flammability properties.

Influence of stacking sequence and halloysite addition on the fracture toughness and low‐velocity impact strength of carbon/glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites

AbstractThe objective of this study is to produce bidirectional woven carbon/glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites and to assess their fracture toughness (FT) and low‐velocity impact strength. The composites were produced for the study by changing the stacking order of fiber layers using a vacuum assisted resin infusion process. In addition, the consequence of halloysite nano‐clay addition on the above properties were explored. The outcomes disclosed that the arrangement of fiber layer notably influences the FT and low‐velocity impact strength of the composites. Particularly, the addition of more carbon fiber layers played a key role in enhancing the FT of hybrid composites, while a reverse trend was observed for low‐velocity impact strength of composites due to the elastic nature of glass fibers, which absorbs more energy through global deformation. Additionally, the incorporation of halloysites enhanced the FT and impact strength of hybrid composites due to increased interfacial adhesion between composite elements. In addition, morphological analysis was conducted to evaluate the damage morphologies and failure mechanisms of tested laminates, which offers crucial information for the structural design of these laminates as well as for the enhancement of their performance.Highlights Fracture toughness and impact strength of hybrid composites were investigated. Arranging carbon fibers on the extreme layers enhanced the fracture toughness. Glass fiber used in hybrid composite supports to increase their impact strength. Addition of halloysite improved the overall performance of hybrid composites.

Investigation on Mechanical and Sliding Wear Behavior of Pongamia-Oil-Cake/Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites

Investigation on Mechanical and Sliding Wear Behavior of Pongamia-Oil-Cake/Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites

Comparative study on mechanical properties of banana-glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

Hybrid composite materials are extensively used in both household and industrials applications nowadays. Natural or synthetic fibers may be used as reinforcement in reinforced plastics. Despite the fact that synthetic fibers have a high mechanical strength, their application fields are extremely limited due to their higher manufacturing costs. In this regard, an experiment was conducted to determine the viability of producing hybrid composites that retain both their properties and enhanced mechanical properties. In this work the effect of banana and glass fiber with epoxy resin as matrix is studied by forming hybrid composites. Here, continuous banana fiber is used with randomly oriented CSM glass fiber of 450 GSM, alongside treating banana fiber by NaOH. The treated and untreated banana fiber samples were prepared along with pure epoxy resin and glass fiber. The percentages of fiber by weight volume in the treated and untreated samples were maintained at 20%, 30%, and 40% respectively. The mechanical tests were performed and found out that 40 wt% treated fiber consistently outperformed the untreated fiber in every test. From the results, 40 wt% treated fiber and untreated had the tensile strength as 57.8 MPa and 41.8 MPa respectively, flexural strength as 117.54 MPa and 99.08 MPa respectively, Shore D hardness as 81 and 71.2 respectively, and the impact energy found out was 8 J and 5 J respectively. The water absorption test revealed that untreated fiber can take in more liquid than treated fiber. Lastly, the SEM image analysis showed the reasons for the difference in the treated and untreated composite’s obtained mechanical strength and water absorption. Moreover, from the tested results these hybrid composites can be used as an alternative for many conventional materials such as at household items in case of making storage boxes, shielding roofs, benches, also in industry by making ecofriendly durable helmets.

Synergetic effect of graphene particles on novel biomass–based Ficus benghalensis aerial root/flax fiber–reinforced hybrid epoxy composites for structural application

Synergetic effect of graphene particles on novel biomass–based Ficus benghalensis aerial root/flax fiber–reinforced hybrid epoxy composites for structural application

Effect of Al2O3 and SiC Nano-Fillers on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites

Polymeric nanocomposites are an emerging research topic, as they improve fiber-reinforced composites’ thermo-mechanical and tribological properties. Nanomaterials improve electrical and thermal conductivity and provide excellent wear and friction resistance to the polymer matrix material. In this research work, a systematic study was carried out to examine the tensile and hardness properties of a carbon fiber epoxy composite comprising nano-sized Al2O3 and SiC fillers. The study confirms that adding nano-fillers produces superior tensile and hardness properties for carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The amount of filler loading ranged from 1, 1.5, 1.75, and 2% by weight of the resin for Al2O3 and 1, 1.25, 1.5, and 2% for SiC fillers. The maximum tensile strength gain of 29.54% and modulus gain of 2.42% were noted for Al2O3 filled composite at 1.75 wt.% filler loading. Likewise, enhanced strength gain of 25.75% and 1.17% in modulus gain was obtained for SiC-filled composite at 1.25 wt.% filler loading, respectively. The hardness property of nano-filled composites improved with a hardness number of 47 for nano-Al2O3 and 43 for nano-SiC, respectively, at the same filler loading.

Effect of graphite fillers on woven bamboo fiber-reinforced epoxy hybrid composites for semistructural applications: fabrication and characterization

Effect of graphite fillers on woven bamboo fiber-reinforced epoxy hybrid composites for semistructural applications: fabrication and characterization

Mechanical Investigation of Basalt/S-Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites for High Temperature Application

The work presents the mechanical investigation of composite materials that are meant to perform under different temperature condition with the application of tensile loading. The composite under study is developed using reinforcement materials made out of basalt and S-glass fiber reinforced with polymer matrix composite (epoxy resin) by hand layup technique with different compositions by changing the fiber layer sequence starting with pure form to hybrid once (fiber architecture). The test results reveals, that the tensile properties of the hybrid composites with fiber architecture of 2/2 basalt mixed S-glass fiber reinforced with epoxy composites are at its optimal level in both normal and elevated temperature conditions. Basalt fiber being good temperature resistant and S-glass fiber having high strength, with this hybrid combination, the material has out played under tensile force being applied when compared with other samples under test.

Dynamic mechanical behavior of a nano sized alumina fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

Several researchers have spent the last few years investigating the use of natural fibers as load-bearing and wear-resistant elements in composites. Because of their low cost, ability to recycle, and ability to compete in terms of strength per weight of material, the usage of such materials in composites has increased. However, those materials do not yet meet the requirements for substituting typical filler composites. Nano composites are materials made by the combination of nanoparticles with a little amount of another component. This is a fast growing branch of nanotechnology. The nano substance considerably improves the original material's thermal and electrical conductivity, including its mechanical strength. A nano composite is a material that combines a polymer matrix with fibers, platelets, or particles. with a nanometer (nm) scale dimension (10–9 m). As a result, in the current study, an attempt was made to build a new alumina fiber filler reinforced epoxy hybrid nano composite and to investigate its dynamic mechanical behavior. As a result, this study looked into the dynamic mechanical evaluation of nano-sized alumina fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites arising from the inclusion of alumina nano fibers as filler and made utilizing the compression molding technique. Alumina nanofiber concentrations were changed. The effects of different nano alumina nano fiber compositions on dynamic mechanical analysis results such as storage modulus and damping factor were investigated. Finally, the insertion of nano fibres improved the glass transition temperature significantly.

Investigation of Physical, Mechanical Properties of Treated Date Palm Fibre and Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites

ABSTRACT This research is a comparative study of untreated and treated date palm fiber (DPF) and kenaf (KF)-reinforced epoxy hybrid composite and explores the properties of DPF. The prepared hybrid composites were characterized in terms of tensile properties, impact properties, physical behavior, water absorption, and thickness swelling. The composites were prepared by hand layup technique. Treated 30% date palm and 70% kenaf (T-3DP7K) showed the highest tensile strength (26.45 MPa) and modulus (4.54 GPa) among untreated and treated hybrid composites. The scanning electron microscope revealed the behavior of fiber and polymers and also the cause of tensile test failure. The impact strength of T-1DP1K revealed highest impact resistant (5493 J/m) among untreated and treated hybrid composites. Remarkably, alkali-treated hybrid composites reduced the water absorption and thickness swelling compared to the untreated composites. In untreated composites, higher DPF content composites showed higher moisture content and dimensional instability. Overall, we concluded that among all hybrid composites, T-3DP7K showed better tensile properties, lowest water absorption, and lowest thickness swelling, and T-7DP3K showed better impact properties.

Mechanical, absorption, and swelling properties of jute/kenaf/banana reinforced epoxy hybrid composites: Influence of various stacking sequences

AbstractThe effect of jute, kenaf, and banana fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites with different stacking sequences were fabricated by compression molding techniques. The pure epoxy, pure jute, pure kenaf, pure banana composites are also fabricated for comparison purposes. Tensile, flexural, inter‐laminar shear strengths, and hardness properties of the fabricated composites were investigated. Physical parameters like density, water absorption, and thickness swelling were also examined. From mechanical properties, the results are evident that when compared to hybrid composites pure banana composites have the highest tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear strength and shore D hardness value of 41, 67, 18, and 86 MPa respectively. Also, pure banana composites have better water absorption and thickness swelling percentage of 4% and 1.6%. However, KBJJBK hybrid composites exhibit a maximum tensile strength of 34 MPa, flexural strength of 54 MPa. Further BJKKJB hybrid composites possess the highest hardness value of 87, intralaminar shear strength of 17 MPa and lowest water absorption of 8% and thickness swelling percentage of 2%. Certain pure and hybrid configuration have enhanced mechanical strength, stiffness, and lower water absorption and thickness swelling properties, indicating that they are suitable for automotive structural applications.

Influence of stacking sequence on flax/kevlar hybrid epoxy composites: Mechanical and morphological studies

AbstractIn this research work, the natural fiber reinforced hybrid epoxy composites were fabricated using the hand lay‐up method. The flax and kevlar are used as a reinforcement and epoxy as a binding material. This study aims to analyze the influence of stacking sequence and hybridization on the mechanical, water absorption, and morphological properties of polymer composites. The results reveal that the neat kevlar reinforced composite achieved a maximum tensile strength, modulus, and impact strength of 189.94 MPa, 2345.35 MPa and 37.16 kJ/m2 respectively with less water absorption behavior. Whereas, the hybrid composite with kevlar as an outer layers and flax as core layers was exhibited a maximum flexural strength, modulus, and inter laminar shear strength of 360.76, 37124.2, and 213.51 MPa, respectively. The water absorption percentage was more in neat natural flax reinforced epoxy composite due to its more hydrophilic nature. The scanning electron microscope analysis reveals the proper bonding and adhesion of both kevlar and flax fabrics with the epoxy matrix.

Mechanical property analysis of nanocarbon particles/glass fiber reinforced hybrid epoxy composites using RSM

This work aimed at the development of epoxy-based hybrid polymer matrix composites using a hand layup with clamp loading technique. Epoxy reinforced with glass fiber (stranded mat) and nanocarbon particles at different weight fractions were developed. Investigation on impact strength and flexural strength were studied and compared using response surface methodology (RSM). It is found that the percentage of reinforcement has a significant influence in the case of both flexural and impact strength. Hybrid composite with both glass fiber and carbon nanoparticles exhibited higher flexural and impact strength.

Influence of nano-silica on mechanical properties of Indian almond fiber reinforced hybrid epoxy composites

ABSTRACT Natural fiber reinforced composites are useful in engineering applications as energy saving material due to their light weight. However, the lower mechanical properties limit it service compared to conventional material. Hence, the purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical properties of the natural fiber composites using nano-silica particles. Indian almond fiber-based epoxy composite was manufactured with different quantity of nano-silica. Totally, five materials were fabricated namely E (Epoxy), EI (Epoxy/Indian almond), EIS1 (Epoxy/Indian almond/0.5 wt% silica), EIS2 (Epoxy/Indian almond/1 wt% silica), and EIS3 (Epoxy/Indian almond/2 wt% silica) by conventional hand layup technique. Mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness were tested. Further, water absorption behavior of the materials was analyzed to understand the dimensional stability of the material. Results showed that EIS3 composite exhibited the higher tensile strength of 77 MPa, flexural strength of 109 MPa, impact strength of 4.31 KJ/m2, and hardness of 93 shore D. Mechanical properties of EIS3 composites were improved due to the reinforcing effect of Indian almond fiber (40 wt%) and nano-silica (2 wt%). Water absorption study showed that the EI composite displayed the maximum water absorption of 14.6% at the soaking time of 6 hours due to hydrophilic tendency of fiber. This investigation concludes that EIS3 composite could be applicable in engineering applications for constructional work owing to its improved performance.

Effect of fiber stacking sequence and orientation on quasi- static indentation properties of sustainable hybrid carbon/ramie fiber epoxy composites

Hybrid polymer composites reinforced with synthetic and natural fibers are gaining more interest in current composite technology in an effort to promote sustainability without sacrificing the performance of synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composites. The goal of this study is to see how the fiber stacking sequence of carbon and ramie fiber, as well as the orientation of ramie fiber, affects the quasi-static indentation behaviour of carbon/ramie fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. The hybrid composite specimens were made using a hand layup approach followed by a hot pressing process. The quasi-static indentation properties of carbon/ramie fiber reinforcements in epoxy matrix were investigated using a hemispherical indenter at varying indenter displacement rates of 10, 20, and 30 ​mm/min for the stated stacking sequence and orientation. The indentation resistance qualities of carbon/ramie fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites were evaluated in terms of indentation force, hybrid composite specimen energy absorption capability, and hybrid composite specimen damage caused by hemispherical indenter penetration. The results reveal that a carbon/ramie fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composite with 5 ramie fiber layers has better energy absorption capabilities, absorbing 114.926 ​J at a 20 ​mm/min indentation rate. Similarly, the indentation force in hybrid composites increases as the number of carbon/ramie fiber layers increases. These results indicate that carbon/ramie fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites have a great potential towards low velocity impact applications.

Flexure and interlaminar shear properties of ramie/ silk fibre epoxy hybrid composite

Hybrid composites are replacing conventional materials in fields such as aircraft, mechanical, space, construction, and medicinal applications. However, the desire to obtain a higher modulus to density ratio remains unfulfilled. In this work, natural fibre reinforced hybrid epoxy composites were chosen and manufactured utilising a manual lay-up approach. As reinforcing materials, ramie and silk fibres in plain weave are used. All produced composites with mechanical qualities (flexural and ILSS properties) were tested using known test procedures. Ramie fibre inserted at the top and bottom of the hybrid laminate was revealed to have superior mechanical properties, making it a viable alternative to traditional fibre composites in a variety of applications. During mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy was utilised to do a morphological investigation of the cracked surface, which provides information about the process of composite failures under mechanical loadings of different types.