Fiber Intake Research Articles

Demographic, clinical, and sociocognitive determinants related to physical activity and dietary intake in patients with ovarian cancer: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo study physical activity and dietary intake among patients with ovarian cancer and to examine which demographic, clinical, and sociocognitive determinants are associated with these behaviours. MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 139 patients with ovarian cancer scheduled for (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Physical activity was measured with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly questionnaire (PASE). Dietary intake was measured with a questionnaire assessing energy and protein intake and a questionnaire assessing adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) lifestyle recommendations. Demographic, clinical, and sociocognitive (e.g., self-efficacy) determinants of physical activity and dietary intake were examined using backward linear regression analyses. ResultsPatients reported a median PASE score of 50 (IQR 24–94), a mean ± SD dietary intake of 1831 ± 604 kcal/day and 76 ± 27 g protein/day. Patients adhered to 3 out of 5 WCRF lifestyle recommendations. The absence of comorbidities, lower physical outcome expectations, and higher cancer specific outcome expectations were independently associated with higher physical activity levels. Higher age, lower cancer specific outcome expectations, and higher diet-related self-efficacy were significantly associated with adhering to more WCRF lifestyle recommendations, whilst no variables associated with total caloric or protein intake were identified. ConclusionsPatients with ovarian cancer have low physical activity levels and a suboptimal diet, particularly low fruit and vegetable consumption and dietary fibre intake. Interventions aiming to improve physical activity and dietary intake could focus on increasing self-efficacy and outcome expectations, and should consider age and comorbidity as factors that may impact behaviour.Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Registry NTR6300.

Effect of supplementing concentrate mixture with field pea hull on yearling ram lambs of local sheep: Nutrient intake, linear body measurements, and changes in body weight

The fattening of sheep has been recognized as a potentially profitable activity in the highlands of Ethiopia. However, feed shortage and increasing prices for conventional feed ingredients and commercially formulated concentrate mixtures critically affect the fattening practice of sheep in the country. So, this feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding field pea hull at different inclusion levels with a concentrate mixture on feed intakes, nutrient utilization, linear body measurements, and body weight gain. Eighteen yearling ram lambs were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were T1 (control), fed native hay adlibitum + concentrate mixture formulated using only conventional feed ingredients (0% field pea hull); T2 and T3 were fed native hay adlibitum + concentrate mixture formulated with inclusion of 35% field pea hull and 50% field pea hull, respectively along with other feed ingredients. The feeding trial was conducted for 90 days. Data were analyzed using GLM procedures of SAS, and Turkey’s HSD multiple-comparison was used for means separation. The result showed a significant (p<0.001) variation in dry matter and nutrient intake among treatments. The DMI was the highest in T3, followed by T2, while it was the lowest in T1. The average total neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber intakes and metabolizable energy intake were highest in T3 and followed by T2, while they were the lowest in T1. The average total body weight gain (kg) was higher in T3 (9.0kg) and T2 (8.67kg) than in T1 (6.58kg). Similarly, higher average daily body weight gains were recorded in T3 (100g) and T2 (96.3g) than in T1 (73.2g). Sheep that were fed field pea hull by the inclusion of 50 % in concentrate mixtures (T3) were more efficient in feed utilization (p<0.05) than T1 as they consumed significantly less amount of feed per 1 g of body weight gain. Hence, it is concluded that feeding of 50% field pea hull along with concentrate mixture could be used for better fattening performance of sheep.

Dietary fiber intake and its association with diabetic kidney disease in American adults with diabetes: A cross-sectional study.

Dietary fiber (DF) intake may have a protective effect against type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, its relationship with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. To investigate the potential association between DF intake and the prevalence of DKD in individuals diagnosed with T2D. This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected between 2005 and 2018. DF intake was assessed through 24-h dietary recall interviews, and DKD diagnosis in individuals with T2D was based on predefined criteria, including albuminuria, impaired glomerular filtration rate, or a combination of both. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between DF intake and DKD, and comprehensive subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Among the 6032 participants, 38.4% had DKD. With lower DF intake-T1 (≤ 6.4 g/1000 kcal/day)-as a reference, the adjusted odds ratio for DF and DKD for levels T2 (6.5-10.0 g/1000 kcal/day) and T3 (≥ 10.1 g/1000 kcal/day) were 0.97 (95%CI: 0.84-1.12, P = 0.674) and 0.79 (95%CI: 0.68-0.92, P = 0.002), respectively. The subgroup analysis yielded consistent results across various demographic and health-related subgroups, with no statistically significant interactions (all P > 0.05). In United States adults with T2D, increased DF intake may be related to reduced DKD incidence. Further research is required to confirm these findings.

Health Benefits of a Plant-Based Dietary Pattern and Implementation in Healthcare and Clinical Practice.

The American College of Lifestyle Medicine recommends eating a predominantly plant-based diet with a variety of minimally processed vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts and seeds. At any level, adoption of a plant-based diet can improve one's health through a variety of mechanisms. Increasing intake of plant-based foods often results in increases in fiber intake, decreases in saturated fat intake, and increased intake of essential vitamins and minerals, among other healthful benefits. Despite such potential benefits, many individuals are reluctant or resistant to change their usual dietary behaviors or unable to sustain diet changes over time. This is largely because an individual's decision to adopt a plant-based diet is influenced by a diverse array of motivating factors, priorities, and/or misconceptions about nutrient adequacy of plant-based diets. Here, we discuss key points from a session at the American College of Lifestyle Medicine's annual conference LM2023. Specifically, we review common preconceptions about plant-based diets, provide guidance on removing the barriers to adopting and adhering to plant-based diets, and highlight key literature findings supporting the health benefits of plant-based diets. Last, we discuss how plant-based diets are increasingly being implemented within health care and clinical practice to support Food is/as Medicine approaches.

Rational Dietary Adjustment Improves Nutritional Health Status in Patients with Hypertension Complicated by Type 2 Diabetes: An Observational Study

This observational study aimed to analyze the effects of rational dietary adjustment on the nutritional health status of patients with hypertension complicated by type 2 diabetes. This study retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 77 patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes treated at our hospital. Patients underwent a 6-week rational dietary adjustment intervention, comprising dietary guidance adjustment in weeks 1-2, concentrated implementation in weeks 3-4, and self-execution in weeks 5-6. Food frequency surveys and 24-h dietary recalls assessed pre- and post-intervention dietary structure and nutrient intake. Changes in body composition, blood glucose indicators, and blood pressure control were observed. Pos-intervention, patients showed decreased intake of soy nuts, pickled products, fried foods, and salt, while intake of fresh fruits, fresh milk, and dairy products increased (P < 0.05). Fat and sodium intake decreased, while intake of dietary fiber, potassium, magnesium, and calcium increased (P < 0.05). SBP, DBP, PBG, TC, and LDL-C levels decreased (P < 0.05), with improved PBG and blood pressure control rates (P < 0.05). Rational dietary adjustment intervention in patients with hypertension complicated by type 2 diabetes has ideal effects, helping patients change their irrational dietary structure and improve their nutritional status.

Dichotomous effect of dietary fiber in pediatrics: a narrative review of the health benefits and tolerance of fiber.

Dietary fibers are associated with favorable gastrointestinal, immune, and metabolic health outcomes when consumed at sufficient levels. Despite the well-described benefits of dietary fibers, children and adolescents continue to fall short of daily recommended levels. This gap in fiber intake (i.e., "fiber gap") might increase the risk of developing early-onset pediatric obesity and obesity-related comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus into adulthood. The structure-dependent physicochemical properties of dietary fiber are diverse. Differences in solubility, viscosity, water-holding capacity, binding capability, bulking effect, and fermentability influence the physiological effects of dietary fibers that aid in regulating appetite, glycemic and lipidemic responses, and inflammation. Of growing interest is the fermentation of fibers by the gut microbiota, which yields both beneficial and less favorable end-products such as short-chain fatty acids (e.g., acetate, propionate, and butyrate) that impart metabolic and immunomodulatory properties, and gases (e.g., hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane) that cause gastrointestinal symptoms, respectively. This narrative review summarizes (1) the implications of fibers on the gut microbiota and the pathophysiology of pediatric obesity, (2) some factors that potentially contribute to the fiber gap with an emphasis on undesirable gastrointestinal symptoms, (3) some methods to alleviate fiber-induced symptoms, and (4) the therapeutic potential of whole foods and commonly marketed fiber supplements for improved health in pediatric obesity.

Effect of Saccharina japonica Intake on Blood Pressure and Gut Microbiota Composition in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

It was reported that the consumption of Saccharina japonica (SJ) lowers blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive rats. Hypertension is related to gut microbiota, and hypertensive patients develop dysbiosis. It was reported that the intake of dietary fiber and polysaccharides contained in SJ changes gut microbiota and increases short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The present study examined the effect of BP lowering by SJ in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and observed changes in gut microbiota composition and SCFAs concentration. Male SHRs and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs) were fed a diet containing 5% SJ or a control diet for six weeks. We measured systolic BP (SBP) weekly, as well as mean arterial BP (MAP), the 16S rRNA gene, and SCFAs in the cecal contents at the end of the period. As a result, the intake of SJ significantly decreased SBP and MAP in SHRs. As well, it significantly changed the microbial diversity by altering the gut microbiota composition. Particularly, it increased the abundance of Bacteroides acidifaciens, which may be associated with the antihypertensive effect of SJ. Thus, SJ intake suppressed the increase in BP and altered the gut microbiota composition, although it did not significantly change the SCFAs concentration in the cecal contents.

Nutrient Intakes and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Among Esophagogastric Cancer Survivors up to 5 Years Post-Surgery

A cross-sectional analysis explored nutritional intakes and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms among esophagogastric cancer survivors up to 12, 13–36, and 37+ months post-surgery. Participants were identified from the Upper GI Cancer Registry at St James’ Hospital, Ireland. The Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire, European Prospective Investigation of Cancer Food Frequency Questionnaire, World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale assessed malnutrition risk, nutritional intake, adherence to (secondary) cancer prevention recommendations, and GI symptoms, respectively. Most (82.5%, n33) participants (n40) were male. Mean age was 65.5 ± 9.3 years. Time post-surgery ranged from 6-62 months. Half (50.0%, n20) had a BMI in the healthy range. A quarter (27.5%, n11) were at risk of malnutrition. Intakes of meat and meat products exceeded recommendations and intakes of fruits, vegetables, and fiber were below recommendations, with no significant between-group differences. The mean WCRF/AICR score was 3.6 ± 1.1, indicating adherence to 3.6 of 7 cancer prevention recommendations. It was not significantly different between subgroups. Minor to mild GI discomfort was reported, with no significant between-group differences in symptoms. As rates of long-term survivorship continue to increase, survivors must be supported to sustain behaviors that enhance quality of life and reduce secondary cancer risk.

Factors Affecting Abdominal Circumference in Adolescent Girls

Background: Central obesity was a health problem in Indonesia. One of indicator to find out central obesity was abdominal circumference. According to preliminary research, 28.4% of students had abdominal circumference >80 cm. Central obesity cause is multifactorial. Objectives: To identify factors related to abdominal circumference in adolescent girls. Methods: The design research was a cross-sectional. The total sample was 89 respondents, using the Lemeshow formula. The Sampling was taken by purposive sampling. The abdominal circumference data was measured by a metline. The percentage of body fat was analyzed with the Omron body fat analyzer. Food consumption patterns used Semi Quantitative Food Frequency (SQ-FFQ). Emotional overeating used the Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (AEBQ), diet attitude, and oral control with the Eating Attitude Test (EAT)-26. The Data was analyzed by STATA 13 with the spearman test. Results: Relationship of BMI (p=0.000; r=0.677), percentage of body fat (p=0.000; r=0.56), kind of junk food (p=0.02; r=0.23). frequency of junk food (p=0.04; r=0.21), energy intake from junk food (p=0.0061, r=0.28), fat intake from junk food (p=0.018, r=0.24), total enery intake (p=0.036; r=0.222), total fat intake (p=0.01; r=0.24); total fiber (p=0.17; r=0.14); overeating (p=0.018, r=0.25); diet attitude (p=0.000; r=-0.52), and oral control (p=0.0001; r=0.39) with abdominal circumference. Conclusions: There was a relationship between BMI, body fat percentage, junk food consumption pattern (type, frequency, amount of intake and fat), energy intake, fat intake, emotional overeating, diet attitude, and oral control of the abdominal circumference. There was no significant relationship between fiber intake and abdominal circumference.

Does minimed 780GTM insulin pump system affect energy and nutrient intake?: long-term follow-up study

ObjectiveWe evaluate the energy and nutrient intake of children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who started to use automated insulin delivery (AID) systems before the transition and during follow-up for 6 months in a real-world setting.Research design and methodsTwenty-nine people with T1D (PwD) who started to use MiniMed 780GTM participated in the study. Participants’ 3-day food diaries and glycemic outcomes were analyzed at baseline and after (the 3rd and 6th month) switching to an advanced hybrid closed-loop system (a-HCL).ResultsMean carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake (energy %) at baseline were 49.1 ± 4.5, 17.8 ± 2.3, and 33.0 ± 3.9, respectively, and there were no statistically significant differences during the follow-up period. However, low fiber (<14 g/1000 kcal) and high saturated fat (>10 energy %) intake in PwD, both baseline and follow-up period. The median auto-correction bolus ratio was 14.0 (9.5)% at auto mode after 14 days, 18.0 (11.0)% at the 3rd month, and 19.0 (7.5)% at the 6th month (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was present between auto-correction boluses with TIR in both the 3rd (r:-0.747, p < 0.01) and 6th month (r:-0.395, p < 0.05). A negative correlation was present between auto-correction boluses with TIR in both the 3rd (r:-0.747, p < 0.01) and 6th month (r:-0.395, p < 0.05).Conclusionsa-HCLS systems offer better glycemic control. Using the Minimed 780 GTM insulin pump system didn’t change the energy and nutrient intake of PwD. This real-world follow-up study suggests that children, adolescents, and young adults with T1D consume saturated fat above and fiber intake lower than recommendations independent of the use of a-HCLS.Clinical trials registration numberNCT05666596.

Causal Selection of Covariates in Regression Calibration for Mismeasured Continuous Exposure.

Regression calibration as developed by Rosner, Spiegelman, and Willett is used to adjust the bias in effect estimates due to measurement error in continuous exposures. The method involves two models: a measurement error model relating the mismeasured exposure to the true (or gold-standard) exposure and an outcome model relating the mismeasured exposure to the outcome. However, no comprehensive guidance exists for determining which covariates should be included in each model. In this article, we investigate the selection of the minimal and most efficient covariate adjustment sets under a causal inference framework. We show that to address the measurement error, researchers must adjust for, in both measurement error and outcome models, any common causes (1) of true exposure and the outcome and (2) of measurement error and the outcome. We also show that adjusting for so-called prognostic variables that are independent of true exposure and measurement error in the outcome model, may increase efficiency, while adjusting for any covariates that are associated only with true exposure generally results in efficiency loss in realistic settings. We apply the proposed covariate selection approach to the Health Professional Follow-up Study dataset to study the effect of fiber intake on cardiovascular disease. Finally, we extend the originally proposed estimators to a nonparametric setting where effect modification by covariates is allowed.

Evaluation of pre- and postoperative nutrition and oral health–related quality of life in orthognathic surgery patients

ObjectiveOrthognathic surgery is a complex orofacial surgery that can significantly impact occlusal function and effect nutritional and quality of life parameters. This study aimed to evaluate alterations in dietary intake, chewing function, physical activity, and oral health–related quality of life of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Research Methods and ProceduresIn this prospective longitudinal study, the assessments were conducted at: preoperatively (T0) and postoperative first week (T1), second week (T2), first month (T3), and third month (T4) between May 2021 and March 2023. Sociodemographic questionnaire, 24-h dietary recall record, chewing ability form, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was applied at face-to-face interviews. ResultsSeventy eligible orthognathic surgery patients were evaluated, and 37 patients (52.8%) completed this study. Energy and fat intake significantly decreased from T0 to T1 (P < 0.001) and returned to basis by T4 (P = 0.015). Fiber intake was found to be lowest at T1 and T2 compared with other time points (P < 0.001). Chewing ability showed a deterioration and then improvement; however, patients still had difficulties chewing hard foods at T4. The OHIP-14 increased at T2 and T3 from T0 (P < 0.001 and P = 0.021, respectively) and showed a significant improvement at T4 (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe findings indicate a temporary decline in nutritional intake and chewing ability with subsequent recovery by the third month postsurgery. These changes, along with the trends in oral health-related quality of life, underscore the need for tailored nutritional and functional rehabilitation programs following orthognathic surgery.

Longitudinal Growth Trajectories in Children with Cow’s Milk Allergy: Effects of Elimination Diet and Post-Termination Period

Introduction: The primary dietary approach for managing cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the elimination diet. We aimed to compare the growth patterns of children with CMA during and after the elimination diet with healthy peers and identify influencing factors. Methods: We compared 74 CMA children with age-matched healthy peers. Anthropometric data were collected during the third month of cow’s milk elimination (CME) diet (T1), 3 months after diet cessation (T2), and after ≥3 months of normal diet (T3). Control group measurements coincided. Nutrient intake was assessed by a 3-day record, and patient laboratory results were noted at T3. Results: CMA children had consistently lower weight-for-age (WFA) and height-for-age (HFA) z-scores than controls. WtHt z-score of patients was lower than those of the healthy group at T2. HC z-scores of patients were lower than those of the healthy group at T0, T2, and T3. At T3, the HFA z-score of the CME group demonstrated a negative correlation with the duration of the elimination diet (p = 0.045). Inadequate intake of energy, vitamins A, E, B1, B6, C, folic acid, magnesium, and iron was significantly higher in CMA children (p < 0.05). T3 WFA z-score correlated positively with fiber, vitamin B1, magnesium, and iron intake (p < 0.05). T3 WtHt showed a positive moderate correlation with energy, protein, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, calcium, magnesium, phosphor, iron intake (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Post-elimination diet, children with CMA need sustained monitoring and potentially micronutrient supplementation to match healthy peers’ growth.

Fiber and whole grain intakes in relation to liver cancer risk: An analysis in 2 prospective cohorts and systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

The association between fiber or whole grain intakes and the risk of liver cancer remains unclear. We assessed the associations between fiber or whole grain intakes and liver cancer risk among 2 prospective studies, and systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed these results with published prospective studies. A total of 111,396 participants from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) and 26,085 men from the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study were included. Intakes of total fiber and whole grains were estimated from validated food frequency questionnaires. Study-specific HRs and 95% CI with liver cancer risk were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression. We systematically reviewed existing literature, and studies were combined in a dose-response meta-analysis. A total of 277 (median follow-up = 15.6 y) and 165 (median follow-up = 16.0 y) cases of liver cancer were observed in Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial and Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, respectively. Dietary fiber was inversely associated with liver cancer risk in Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (HR 10g/day : 0.69; 95% CI: 0.55-0.86). No significant associations were observed between whole grain intakes and liver cancer risk in either study. Our meta-analysis included 2383 incident liver cancer cases (7 prospective cohorts) for fiber intake and 1523 cases (5 prospective cohorts) for whole grain intake; combined HRs for liver cancer risk were 0.83 (0.76-0.91) per 10 g/day of fiber and 0.92 (0.85-0.99) per 16 g/day (1 serving) of whole grains. Dietary fiber and whole grains were inversely associated with liver cancer risk. Further research exploring potential mechanisms and different fiber types is needed.

Lower Diet Quality Associated with Subclinical Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Healthy United States Adults

BackgroundHigher diet quality has been associated with lower risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease, but associations between diet and gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation in healthy adults prior to disease onset are understudied. ObjectivesThe purpose of this project was to examine associations between reported dietary intake and markers of GI inflammation in a healthy adult human cohort. MethodsIn a cross-sectional observational trial of 358 healthy adults, participants completed ≤3 unannounced 24-h dietary recalls using the Automated Self-Administered Dietary Assessment Tool and a Block 2014 Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess recent and habitual intake, respectively. Those who provided a stool sample were included in this analysis. Inflammation markers from stool, including calprotectin, neopterin, and myeloperoxidase, were measured by ELISA along with LPS-binding protein from plasma. ResultsRecent and habitual fiber intake was negatively correlated with fecal calprotectin concentrations (n = 295, P = 0.011, 0.009). Habitual soluble fiber intake was also negatively correlated with calprotectin (P = 0.01). Recent and habitual legume and vegetable intake was negatively correlated with calprotectin (P = 0.013, 0.026, 0.01, 0.009). We observed an inverse correlation between recent Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores and calprotectin concentrations (n = 295, P = 0.026). Dietary Inflammatory Index scores were calculated and positively correlated with neopterin for recent intake (n = 289, P = 0.015). When participants with clinically elevated calprotectin were excluded, recent and habitual fiber, legume, vegetable, and fruit intake were negatively correlated with calprotectin (n = 253, P = 0.00001, 0.0002, 0.045, 0.001, 0.009, 0.001, 0.004, 0.014). Recent total HEI score was inversely correlated with subclinical calprotectin (P = 0.003). ConclusionsHigher diet quality may be protective against GI inflammation even in healthy adults.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02367287.

Role of Dietary Macronutrient Composition and Fibre Intake in Development of Double Diabetes in Indian Youth.

Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity are common presentations of double diabetes (DD) in subjects with type-1 diabetes (T1D). There is evidence that dietary composition has an impact on developing IR. Objectives were to assess the impact of macronutrient and fibre intake on glycaemic control and the role of macronutrient composition of diet in the development of DD in subjects with T1D. This cross-sectional study included 77 young adults (10-25 years) with T1D. Data related to demography, anthropometry, biochemistry and body composition were collected. Dietary data was collected by fourteen-day food diary. IR was calculated using eGDR, SEARCH and CACTI equations, and metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed using the International Diabetes Federation Consensus Definition. Subjects at risk of DD had higher age, leptin levels, percentage carbohydrate consumption in diet and IR. A positive association of insulin sensitivity with fibre intake and %protein intake was noted. Poor glycaemic control, adiponectin/leptin ratio, fibre intake and insulin/carbohydrate ratio were significant negative predictors of IR. Addition of dietary factors to the regression model improved the R square and percentage of subjects identified correctly. Inclusion of dietary parameters significantly improves the prediction of the risk of development of DD in subjects with T1D. Good glycaemic control and increased intake of dietary fibre may prevent the development of IR in subjects with T1D and reduce the burden of DD.

Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Health-Related Quality of Life during Pregnancy: Is the Mediterranean Diet Beneficial in Non-Mediterranean Countries?

This study aimed to examine the association of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and MD components with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pregnant women from Spain and Sweden. A total of 138 pregnant women from Spain (age: 32.9 ± 4.6 years old) and 302 pregnant women from Sweden (age: 31.3 ± 4.1 years old) were included. MD adherence was assessed with the Mediterranean food pattern (i.e., a MD index) at the 14-16th gestational weeks. HRQoL was assessed with the Spanish and Swedish versions of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36 and RAND-36, respectively) at the 14-16th and 34-37th gestational weeks. A greater MD adherence was associated with better physical functioning, bodily pain, vitality, emotional role, and mental health in cross-sectional associations (2nd trimester) in the Spanish sample (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, a greater MD adherence was associated with lower bodily pain in both Spanish and Swedish samples (both p < 0.05) in the 3rd trimester. The associations of MD adherence with pain seem to be explained by a greater intake of fiber, fish, fruits, nuts, and legumes (all p < 0.05). A greater MD adherence, driven by a higher intake of fiber, fish, fruits, nuts, and legumes, was associated with lower pain throughout pregnancy in both Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean populations.

Modern Concepts of Restructured Meat Production and Market Opportunities.

Restructured meat (RM) products are gaining importance as an essential component of the meat industry due to consumers' interest in health benefits. RM products imply the binding or holding of meat, meat by-products, and vegetable proteins together to form a meat product with meat's sensory and textural properties. RM products provide consumers with diversified preferences like the intake of low salt, low fat, antioxidants, and high dietary fiber in meat products. From the point of environmental sustainability, RM may aid in combining underutilized products and low-valued meat by adequately utilizing them instead of dumping them as waste material. RM processing technique might also help develop diversified and new hybrid meat products. It is crucial to have more knowledge on the quality issues, selection of binding agents, their optimum proportion, and finally, the ideal processing techniques. It is observed in this study that the most crucial feature of RM could be its healthy products with reduced fat content, which aligns with the preferences of health-conscious consumers who seek low-fat, low-salt, high-fiber options with minimal synthetic additives. This review briefly overviews RM and the factors affecting the quality and shelf life. Moreover, it discusses the recent studies on binding agents in processing RM products. Nonetheless, the recent advancements in processing and market scenarios have been summarized to better understand future research needs. The purpose of this review was to bring light to the ways of sustainable and economical food production.

The effect of nutrition education on knowledge, nutrients intake, and physical activity of children with overweight and obesity at elementary school in Jakarta Indonesia

Background: Obesity is one of the triple burden malnutrition in Indonesia, alongside undernutrition that increasing over the years. The study was done to evaluate the effect of four weeks nutrition education intervention among children with overweight and obesity. Methods: This study was a cluster randomized control trial in two elementary school in Jakarta. SD Kramat Pela 07 were selected as a control and SD Kramat Pela 09 as an intervention group. Intervention on school children were conducted for four weeks. Samples were students who were selected with the criteria of having overweight and obesity. An education through video was delivered from the teachers consecutively to the students every week. Nutrition knowledge was collected with a Google-form questionnaire that consist of 15 questions. Nutrient intake was collected with 24-hour recalls before and after the intervention. Results: A significant increase of nutrition knowledge on both group after the intervention (p&lt;0.05). There was a significant change of fiber intake (p&lt;0.05) after four weeks of intervention. The average duration of physical activity for respondents showed an increase in the intervention group, but it was not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: After four weeks intervention, nutrition education improved the knowledge, nutrients intake, and physical activity among school children with overweight and obesity. We recommend the school authorities to enhance the capacity and capabilities of teachers in fostering efforts to improve the health and nutrition of students through school-based learning. Additionally, the consumption of fiber is considered an indicator of healthy food quality in controlling overweight and obesity.

Association between Preconception Dietary Fiber Intake and Preterm Birth: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether preconception dietary fiber intake is associated with PTB. This was a prospective cohort Japan Environmental and Children's Study (JECS). The study population comprised 85,116 singleton live-birth pregnancies from the JECS database delivered between 2011 and 2014. The participants were categorized into five groups based on their preconception dietary fiber intake quintiles (Q1 and Q5 were the lowest and highest groups, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between preconception dietary fiber intake and PTB. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk for PTB before 34 weeks was lower in the Q3, Q4, and Q5 groups than in the Q1 group (Q3: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62-0.997; Q4: aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57-0.95; Q5: aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50-0.92). However, there was no significant difference between preconception dietary fiber intake and PTB before 37 weeks. In conclusion, higher preconception dietary fiber intake correlated with a reduced the risk for PTB before 34 weeks. Therefore, new recommendations on dietary fiber intake as part of preconception care should be considered.