Hybrid Fiber Research Articles

Mechanical behavior and microscopic damage mechanism of hybrid fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete at elevated temperature

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) that is prepared from eco-friendly materials exhibits much more excellent resistance on high temperature compared with ordinary Portland cement concrete. In this study, hybrid fibers containing varying proportions of steel fiber (0.5%-2.0%) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber (0.2%-0.8%) were incorporated in GPC. The hybrid fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete (HFRGC) was subjected to temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 800 °C. The physical properties tests, mechanical properties tests, and microstructure tests of HFRGC were carried out at elevated temperatures, while the environmental impact and cost-effectiveness of HFRGC were assessed. The results of physical properties tests showed that the appearance and mass loss of the HFRGC were mainly affected by temperature, while hybrid fibers had a negligible effect on both. The appearance of HFRGC gradually transformed from gray to brick red with increasing temperature, and the mass loss of HFRGC at 800 °C was as high as 9.4%. The mechanical performance test results indicated that the mechanical strength of HFRGC increased at 200 °C and then decreased with elevated temperature. At 200 °C, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of HFRGC containing 1.5% steel fibers and 0.6% PVA fibers were respectively increased by 13.1%, 14.7%, and 4.4% as compared with ambient conditions. The microstructure test results showed that further geopolymerization at 200 °C promoted the densification of the matrix. The matrix was damaged at higher temperatures violently while the porosity of HFRGC was dramatically increased from 13.35% at 25 °C to 27.83% at 800 °C. Based on the thermal behavior, environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness of HFRGC, a reference for future research in the fire prevention of GPC was provided.

Hybridization of Carbon Fiber Using Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Fibers: How It Affects Density, Bending, and Impact Strength

Hybridization of Carbon Fiber Using Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Fibers: How It Affects Density, Bending, and Impact Strength

Tribological performance and mechanism of the titanium fiber-SiC whisker hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composites prepared by pressure infiltration

In this contribution, a Ti-6Al-4V fiber (Tif) and SiCw (SiCw) hybrid reinforced 5056 Al composites (Tif + SiCw/5056 Al) were fabricated, and the effects of SiC whisker contents on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance were investigated. The mechanical properties and the hardness of the composites increased first and then decreased with the increase of SiCw contents. The optimal ratio of SiCw to titanium fibers is 3 wt%. The flexural strength of the optimal composites reached 533 MPa, and the fracture toughness reached 29.1 MPa • m1/2. Under a load of 40 N, compared with the Tif/5056 Al composites sample, the wear rate of the optimal composites sample decreased by 80.7%. The uniformly dispersed SiC whiskers promote the formation of a mechanical mixing layer (MML) on the friction surface; the wear mechanism mainly involves abrasive wear and adhesive wear.

Experimental investigation on tensile strength and impact strength of palmyra palm leaf stalk – Sisal fiber reinforced polymer hybrid composite

Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites are the most widely used materials and preferable in terms of biodegradability, cost production, recyclability, and low density. The main aim of this study is to conduct an experimental investigation on tensile strength and impact strength of palmyra palm leaf stalk fiber (PLSF) and sisal fiber reinforced polymer hybrid composite. The composite material was fabricated using hand lay-up techniques. The working parameters are mass fraction ratio of PLSF/sisal fiber and volume fiber fraction with the matrix. Tensile strength and impact energy resistance tests were experimentally conducted according to the ASTM standard dimensions. The results revealed that the addition of sisal fiber to PLSF enhanced the tensile strength by 12.850 %, 26.540 %, and 30.630 % respectively compared to pure Palmyra palm leaf stalk fiber reinforced composite (PPFRC). Whereas, the addition of PLSF to sisal fiber improved the impact of energy by 20.980 %, 13.610 %, and 11.880 % compared to pure sisal fiber reinforced composite (PSFRC). The tensile strength with 20 % fiber volume fraction is improved by 53.996 % and 12.188 % compared to 10 % and 15 % of fiber respectively. The impact strength was also enhanced by 24.931 % and 10.030 % compared to 10 % and 15 % of volume fiber fraction respectively. The tensile strength and impact energy of the treated fiber composite increased by 62.243 % and 22.478 % respectively compared to the untreated hybrid Palmyra palm leaf stalk and sisal hybrid fiber reinforced composite (UHPSFRC). Generally, the HPSFRC-2 (Palmyra palm leaf stalk/sisal fiber) (P/S ratio 50/50 % ratio with 20/80 % ratio of fiber/matric percentage reinforced polymer hybrid composite) has good tensile strength and impact energy. Therefore, the mechanical property of the (Palm/Sisal) hybrid composite can be used for the manufacturing of the automotive interior parts like door panel, dash board, seat back, and automotive roof.

The Impact of Filler Made of Acacia Concinna Pods and Fiber Treatment on the Water Absorption Properties of Kenaf Fiber Hybrid Composites

The Impact of Filler Made of Acacia Concinna Pods and Fiber Treatment on the Water Absorption Properties of Kenaf Fiber Hybrid Composites

Optimization of wear and friction behaviour of fish scale powder filled natural fibre/glass fibre hybrid epoxy composite in dry sliding condition

Abstract The purpose of this research is to look at the wear and friction properties of a unique composite material made up of fish scale powder, natural fibres, and glass fibres embedded in an epoxy matrix. The growing demand in many industries for eco-friendly and sustainable materials has resulted in the development of hybrid composites that combine natural and synthetic reinforcements. The goal of this study is to improve the wear resistance and frictional qualities of composite material under dry sliding conditions. The wear and friction behaviour of the composite is optimized using the Response Surface and Taguchi approach, which entails constructing a set of trials based on a statistical model. The significant components, which include fish scale powder content, natural fibre type and content, and sliding parameters, are carefully varied to determine the best combination that results in the least amount of wear and friction. The accuracy of the regression models exceeded expectations. According to Taguchi’s findings, F and V have the largest impact on wear loss and friction, respectively. Fish scale powder has shown great promise as a filler for enhancing the wear resistance of composites, as seen by the study’s findings. The optimized composite has exceptional wear resistance and low friction, making it a suitable alternative for dry sliding applications.

Characteristics of self-compacting green concrete

Locally, conventional concrete is still created utilizing river sand and crushed stone as filer materials. The massive quarry dust by-product remain untapped in the production of concrete. The coal-fired power station produce significant quantities of Type F fly ash. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) provides many advantages for creating high-quality concrete. Consequently, the main objective of this research is to create a mix design for high-strength SCC utilizing a binary blends, hybrid fibers and fine aggregates that meet both hardened and fresh concrete characteristics. The study is conducted in amendment of w/b ratio, superplasticizer, proportion of fine aggregate to coarse aggregate, optimumal cement replacing by fly ash, dosage of low macro fibre and micro fibre. Mix-50c-X is the best mix design that was produced. The mix quantity for 1m3 concrete was 315 kg Class F fly ash, 315 kg OPC, 630 kg quarry dust, 508 kg river sand, 400 kg coarse aggregate, 0.7% superplasticizer,0.32% w/b, 0.10% macro fiber, and 0.01% micro fiber. This SCC mixture showed fresh characteristics as well as compressive strengths of more than 22 MPa and 62 MPa after 1 day and 28 days, respectively. The results of high-strength SCC demonstrated the enormous potential for the local construction, especially precast product.

Influences of hybrid fiber on functional and drilling characteristics study of polymer hybrid Nanocomposite

The severe environmental pollution related to the manufacturing, recycling and disposal of metal-based and synthetic fiber-based composites has a major impact on human and animal life. A wide range of studies are conducted on alternative materials in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Various industries are focusing on using natural fibers from banana, jute, coir, hemp, pineapple, areca, kenaf, Sterculia foetida and Delonix regia that are the key sources of different components for developing nanocomposites. Drilling is a vital factor in the assembly process of composites. The amorphous structure of the natural fibers causes the formation of cracks at the entry and exit sides of the drilled hole. So, in the present work a nanocomposite was synthesized and optimized the machining parameters, which affect the surface finish of the hole at the entry, exit and inner surface of the drilled hole. The effect of the hybridization of glass fiber with the pineapple leaf fiber and areca fiber was studied in terms of tensile properties, delamination around the hole and surface roughness. The microstructure of the holes was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy.

Investigation on Flexural Behavior of HFRC with Partial Replacement of Nano Silica and Slag Cement

This investigation directs to understand the flexural behavior of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HFRC) with incorporation of Nano silica and Portland slag cement. The mechanical properties of Concrete for the grade M50 is enhanced by combining different fibers such as glass, polypropylene, and steel. Specifically, we explore the replacement of these fibers for the cement at ratios of 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%. Findings indicate that it significantly improved flexibility, as well as micromechanical support. To assess the performance of the HFRC, Specimens are cast to undergo compression, Flexure and Spilt tensile using hybrid materials with a water-cement ratio of 0.40 and made to undergo normal water curing for a period of 7, 14, and 28 days. Our comprehensive analysis reveals that the inclusion of 5% fibers along with 5% of Nano silica as a partial replacement to fine aggregate exhibits superior ductility and flexural strength compared to other fiber ratios. The addition of latex admixture enhances the flexural strength of HFRC. Comparing the flexural behavior of HFRC to conventional concrete under applied loads the remarkable load-bearing capabilities of HFRC beams under flexural conditions are highlighted furthermore emphasizing the advantages of this innovative material for use in construction applications. The results were tabulated and comparative results were presented.

Viscoelastic performance analysis of steel strip embedded E-Glass fibre hybrid laminate

ABSTRACT Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) are a combination of metal alloys and composite materials that have been utilised for years to meet customised performance requirements. Seven distinct material configurations with three different layup sequences have been studied for investigation of viscoelastic performance parameters i.e. storage modulus, loss modulus and damping factor. The effect of EN42J steel as an additional reinforcement along with E-glass fibre epoxy laminate on the enhancement in the dynamic mechanical behaviour of the hybrid laminate was studied. The viscoelastic behaviour of the hybrid laminate was experimented, and the results obtained were interpreted on the basis of storage modulus, loss modulus and damping parameter. The enhancements in dynamic mechanical properties were noted with an increase in the volumetric quantum of reinforcement and placement of steel strips at optimum location across the thickness of the specimen.

AN ANALYSIS ON THE USE OF MODIFIED EXPANDED PERLITE AND PUMICE IN INORGANIC BONDED FIBROUS COMPOSITE BOARDS

It is often stated that there is an energy efficiency difference between optimum energy use and actual energy use in the world. In the construction industry, various building materials are produced and used to optimize energy efficiency in buildings. Among these building materials, inorganic bonded fibrous composite boards, whose energy efficiency criteria have begun to be improved, are widely used both in Türkiye and in the world. This article presents an experimental analysis of the utilization of modified expanded perlite and pumice as key constituents in the development of inorganic bonded fibrous composite boards. The study investigates the influence of these modified porous materials on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composite boards. For this purpose; composite mortars were produced using micronized quartz sand, a hybrid fiber consisting of cellulose and glass fiber, modified expanded perlite (MEP) with stearic acid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 wt.%) and modified pumice (MPU) with stearic acid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 wt.%). In order to make a comparison, a control mortar that did not contain modified expanded perlite and modified pumice was produced. Through a series of experiments, it is concluded that the density values of all other mixture designs with MEP and MPU aggregate additives under equivalent conditions are lower than the control sample. The water absorption values of the samples always remained below the control sample, and with the increase in the MPU ratio and decrease in the MEP ratio, the water absorption values of the samples also decreased. The average modulus of rupture (MOR) value of control sample in the analysis made after 14 days of curing under ambient conditions is 3.73 MPa. The highest MOR value of the test samples is 3.51 MPa, which is the mixture using the highest MPU. The thermal conductivity value of the control mixture is 0.352 W/mK. The thermal conductivity value of test mixtures with MEP and MPU aggregates varies between 0.175 W/mK and 0.287 W/mK.

Investigation on mechanical property and failure mechanism of the carbon/glass hybrid laminate bolted joints using acoustic emission

In this study, tensile tests and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring were performed on single lap specimens of carbon/glass hybrid laminates with different carbon fiber layer angles. The results indicated that the carbon fiber layer angle not only affects the bearing strength and bearing stiffness of hybrid laminates, but also influences the macroscopic extension direction of damage. The study also found that carbon fiber and glass fiber damage exhibit different centroid frequencies. Building on these findings, the analysis identified the primary fiber type involved in fiber damage to different hybrid fiber laminates. Additionally, it was noted that the friction generated between the bolt and the laminate under load triggers AE signals with a high centroid frequency.

Static and cyclic behavior of high-performance concrete reinforced with hybrid steel fibers using notched and un-notched flexural specimen

In this paper, the static and cyclic behavior of high-performance concrete reinforced with hybrid steel fibers (HPFRCs) using notched and un-notched flexural specimen were experimentally studied. The term 'hybrid steel fibers' refers to using a combination of different steel fiber s in HPFRC mortar. Three HPFRC types, produced from an identical mortar, contained a same total fiber content of 2.0 vol% but different hybrid fiber systems as follows: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 vol% long hooked fiber blended with 1.5, 1.0, 0.5 vol% short smooth, respectively. All flexural specimens were designed with a prism-shape having dimensions of 40 × 40 × 160 mm (width × depth × full length). Two specimen types were employed: un-notched and notched specimen with its depth of 5 mm at specimen bottom. The specimens were experimented under static and cyclic loading using a three-point bending test. Despite the lower peak static load, the notched specimen produced the higher flexural strength and critical stress intensity factor, regardless of the HPFRC types. Under cyclic loading, the number of cycles of the notched specimens showed lower than that of the un-notched specimens, for all the HPFRC types at same fatigue stress ratio. Besides, the higher static flexural strength seemed to produce the lower fatigue endurance limit, based on the proposed fatigue response curves built by regression technique.

Photo-thermal effects initiate multi-level energy conversion in “solid-solid” phase-changing fibers

The current textiles primarily employ passive heat barriers to minimize heat loss and achieve effective thermal insulation for human beings. Accordingly, intelligent fibers with energy storage and temperature control capabilities have garnered significant attention due to their potential to revolutionize textile technology. The study integrates the photo-thermal effect and phase change energy storage materials onto a fiber, thereby fabricating a fully intelligent energy storage fiber. This innovation enables the multi-level conversion of sunlight: “Optical energy - Thermal energy - Phase transition energy - Thermal energy”. The intelligent fiber efficiently converts solar energy into heat energy through the photo-thermal coupling of CuNPs, subsequently inducing a spatial conformational change in the solid-solid phase change material within the fiber for effective heat storage. The hybrid fiber possesses enhanced mechanical properties but also exhibits a significantly high phase transition enthalpy value of 49.75 J g−1 and a phase transition temperature suitable for human body temperature (20.19–30.21 °C), especially the fiber is more durable. The photo-thermal conversion test vividly demonstrates the systematic transformation of four distinct forms of energy within the composite fiber. This approach holds significant potential for advancing the field of smart fiber technology.

Exploring mechanical properties of eco-friendly hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with sisal, hemp, and glass fibers

It is now widely accepted that various subsets of hybrid fiber composites reinforced with combined natural and synthetic fibers can significantly expand the applicability of composite-based materials in design and technology practice. The already existing unnatural circumstances on the planet put natural fibers far ahead of traditions in the field of materials thanks to their biodegradability characteristics, availability and over-term endurance and corrosion resistance. At the same time, composites are rapidly taking their place in many industries and sectors of the economy as metals in as much as it is economically and energetically justified. This study evaluates the mechanical properties of hybrid composites reinforced with glass, hemp, and sisal fibers. Using a hand lay-up method with epoxy resin, composite laminates were fabricated and tested for tensile, flexural, impact strengths and hardness test in accordance with ASTM standards. The experimental results revealed that glass-sisal fiber composites achieved the highest tensile strength of 69.1 MPa, while glass-hemp-sisal fiber composites exhibited superior flexural strength of 15.22 MPa and impact strength of 137.45 kJ/m2 while best hardness value was 24.73 HV for glass-sisal fibre composite. These findings underscore the potential of glass-sisal-hemp fiber-reinforced epoxy composites as viable alternatives to traditional synthetic fiber-reinforced materials in automotive industry where there are no structural loadings i.e. automobile interiors; offering enhanced mechanical performance and sustainability.

Exploring Water Absorption Behaviors on Mechanical Properties of Wheat Straw-Glass Fiber Hybrid Composites for Sustainable Engineering Solutions

The study explores the enhancement of epoxy composite performance by adding glass fiber and wheat straw, revealing improved tensile strength and hardness compared to unreinforced epoxy. Using a hand-layup procedure, glass fibers and wheat straw are incorporated unidirectionally into an epoxy resin matrix. This study aims to explore how different fiber volume fractions and moisture absorption over two months affect the tensile strength and hardness of hybrid composites. The tensile strength and hardness of weathered specimens are found to be lower values than those of raw samples because of the degradation of the structural integrity of the fibers during water absorption. After being exposed to water, the tensile strength was 20 wt. % fiber composite sample was reduced by roughly 32.43 %. A marginal decline in hardness of 5.63% occurred for 20 wt. % hybrid composite. The morphology of the composites after the tensile test and the interactions between the fibers and the epoxy matrix in the as-cast and weathered samples were investigated using SEM. Perfect fiber-matrix bonding was apparent in as-cast composites. However, fiber swellings and de-bonding in the fiber matrix due to voids and moisture absorption were observed in weathered specimens, which reduced the tensile strength and hardness.

Fracture mechanism and ductility performances of fiber reinforced shotcrete under flexural loading insights from digital image correlation (DIC)

This paper investigates the fracture mechanism and ductility performance of fiber-reinforced shotcrete (FRS) under flexural loading through digital image correlation (DIC) analysis. The focus is on determining the optimal mix design, utilizing recycled and manufactured fibers in shotcrete through four-point bending tests. These tests reveal significant improvements in flexural strength and ductility, as well as crack resistance, attributed to the synergistic effect of both types of fiber in hybrid fiber reinforcement. Notably, the inclusion of recycled fibers from automobile tires enhances mechanical characteristics and impact resistance, contributing to environmental sustainability and cost reduction. DIC analysis offers crucial insights into crack initiation and propagation in shotcrete, highlighting the impact of fiber reinforcement on crack patterns. Manufactured fibers delay crack onset effectively, while hybridization enhances fracture characteristics, offering improved crack control and flexural strength. The study underscores the potential of hybrid fiber mixes for enhancing structural performance in tunnel support applications, emphasizing the synergistic effect of hybrid of different fiber types. Overall, the research contributes to advancing understanding of fracture behavior in fiber-reinforced shotcrete and provides practical insights for optimizing mix designs to achieve superior mechanical properties and durability.

Enhancing Concrete Properties through Fly Ash Pelletized Aggregates and Fibre Reinforcement - A Review

This literature review examines recent studies in Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (LWAC), specifically focusing on utilizing fly ash pelletization and fibre reinforcement to enhance concrete properties. Fly ash, a by-product of coal combustion, has gathered attention because of its potential to be put forward as a critical component in creating lightweight aggregates. The process of pelletization, which involves forming fly ash into small, spherical pellets, has been shown to improve the mechanical properties of the resulting concrete. The process mainly includes the cold-bonded pelletization method, which consumes energy and is easy to use. The review gives fusion findings from various studies examining fly ash's role in producing lightweight aggregates and the impact of different additives and processes on the resulting material properties. Key insights reveal that incorporating silica fume, fly ash, and steel fibres remarkably improves concrete's compressive and bonding strengths. Additionally, the cold-bonded pelletization of fly ash and cement, especially when combined with Polypropylene (PP) and steel fibres, leads to enhanced aggregate properties, including strength, density, and water absorption. The review also highlights the importance of optimizing pelletization parameters and binder usage to improve the quality of lightweight aggregates and enhance the properties of concrete. Moreover, integrating hybrid fibres, such as carbon and polypropylene, enhances concrete's postpeak performance and flexibility. The findings suggest that these innovations in fly ash pelletization and fibre reinforcement improve mechanical performance and contribute to more sustainable and cost-effective concrete production. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research, offering insights into the future direction of LWAC development.

Sodium metasilicate-activated one-part geopolymer concrete: Impact strength assessment with bottom ash substitution and fiber reinforcement

This study aims to investigate the effect of fibers on the impact strength of fibrous one-part geopolymer concrete (OPGC) to mitigate its brittleness. This research examines the impact strength of OPGC activated with sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, utilizing fly ash as a precursor material. The study uniquely explores the effects of bottom ash, substituted at varying levels (25 % to 100 %) for sand, within the OGPC matrix. Additionally, incorporating two distinct fiber types, polypropylene and kenaf, individually at 0.5 % and in a hybrid combination at 0.25 % each, offers a fresh perspective on fiber reinforcement in OGPC. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction provide critical insights into the microstructural and mineralogical properties of the developed OPGC. The impact strength of OPGC with this specific combination of materials has not been previously investigated by any researchers, establishing the novelty of this study. Results revealed that the combination of fibers with 25 % BA exhibited a synergistic effect, leading to a notable enhancement in impact strength. Conversely, the impact strength declined with other combinations of materials. Polypropylene fibers demonstrated the highest performance in terms of impact strength for OPGC, followed by the hybrid fiber combination, with kenaf fibers exhibiting the lowest performance in this regard.

Synergistic effects of sisal/glass fiber hybridization and eggshell powder filler on the performance of eco‐friendly polymer composites

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a significant emphasis on the development of composite materials that are both high‐performing and environmentally friendly. Hybrid polymer composites that are reinforced by both sisal and glass fibers are introduced in this study. Investigation was conducted to evaluate the combined influence of hybrid reinforcements and Egg Shell Powder (ESP) on the mechanical properties of the composites. The hand layup technique was employed to create hybrid laminates by incorporating variable amounts of ESP (0–15 wt%) and employing various stacking sequences. Various mechanical testing was administered to the composites that had been prepared. The results indicated that the glass/sisal hybrid laminates exhibited superior mechanical properties in comparison to the non‐hybrid sisal laminates, which was attributed to the synergistic benefits of incorporating both sisal and glass fibers. The incorporation of Egg Shell Powder significantly improved the material's mechanical properties. The glass/sisal hybrid laminates with 15% ESP laminate demonstrated the maximum tensile strength (195.23 MPa), flexural strength (150.02 MPa), and ILSS (7.55 MPa). Scanning electron microscopy enabled a comprehensive analysis of the hybrid composites' interfacial adhesion and microstructure. This investigation verified that the ESP was effectively dispersed and had a substantial effect on the interface between the matrix and the fibers. The hybrid composites that are generated are environmentally friendly and exhibit extraordinary potential for a variety of applications, offering a sustainable and high‐performing alternative to conventional synthetic composites. These discoveries promote the utilization of bio‐based resources in the composites industry and advance the development of sustainable materials.Highlights The glass/sisal hybrid laminates with 15% ESP laminate showed highest tensile strength of 195.23 MPa Hybrid composites exhibited superior mechanical properties. ESP addition significantly improved interfacial adhesion and strength Water absorption decreased with increasing ESP content up to 15% Development of Eco‐friendly composites suitable for automotive and aerospace applications