Fiberglass Mesh Research Articles

Phenol-formaldehyde resin composites filled with modified phlogopite reinforced with hybrid glass and basalt fiber meshes used as grinding wheels

The research on obtaining composites based on phenol-formaldehyde resin (PFR) with modified phlogopite quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) reinforced with hybrid glass and basalt fiber was carried out. The influence of the reinforcement structure (glass mesh weave) and the type of fiber on the performance properties of the obtained composites were assessed, especially in terms of their use a grinding wheels reinforced with modified hybrid glass and basalt fiber meshes. Based on the obtained research results, it was found that composites reinforced with a glass fiber layer mesh with a matrix of phenol-formaldehyde resin filled with modified phlogopite are characterized by higher mechanical strength, abrasion resistance and dynamic strength of the disk compared to unmodified composites.

ПОЛИМЕРНЫЙ КОМПОЗИТ ДЛЯ ПЛИТ КОЛЕЙНОГО ПОКРЫТИЯ АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫХ ЛЕСОВОЗНЫХ ДОРОГ

the network of modern temporary highways is operated only during logging, and at the end of the work and during the mud season are practically not used. Consequently, there is a need to create collapsible elements for temporary logging roads, which, if necessary, can be assembled in a fairly short time before starting work, is also easy to disassemble after the completion of logging operations and transported and laid in a new place. The coating is a slab containing a wooden multilayer frame made up of elements representing sawmill waste of low-value species, put on a rib or laid flat with gaps, providing a spillage of concrete or polymer mass based on furfural acetone monomer. Untreated wood provides oriented reinforcement along and across the building element, as a result of which its tensile, bending and chipping strength are increased, and bulk density is reduced. The article also considers the constrained swelling of wood filler when using it as a reinforcing element of concrete based on cement is more dangerous, since it is not possible to significantly increase its ultimate extensibility even when introducing latex into its composition. The use of reinforcing mesh is not possible, since the alkali contained in the wet environment of the cement stone destroys the fiberglass mesh.

Impact performance of novel multi-layered prepacked aggregate fibrous composites under compression and bending

Multi-layered Prepacked aggregate fibrous composite (MLPAFC) is a new type of concrete, which is prepared in two subsequent stages of aggregate-fibre skeleton prepacking and cementitious grouting. In this study, ten MLPAFC mixtures were prepared in three subsequent layers incorporating different contents of four different types of steel fibres. Long and short hooked-end and crimped steel fibers were adopted with 3.0 and 1.5% dosages for the outer and interior layers, respectively. In-between the three MLPAFC layers, two layers of Glass Fiber Mesh (GFM) were inserted in five of the ten mixtures. The impact response of the MLPAFC mixtures was evaluated using two test methods. In the first, the ACI 544-2R repeated free-falling weight test was followed using disk specimens, while flexural free-falling weight on prism specimens was the second adopted impact test. Moreover, Weibull distribution was used to statistically analyse the discrepancies of the obtained experimental impact records. The impact tests results revealed that MLPAFC can absorb significantly high energy under falling weight impact due to its structure and the dual crack arresting activity of both steel fibers and GFM. The cracking number of impacts of MLPAFC cylindrical specimens without GFM was increased by approximately 530–870% compared reference specimens, while increment percentages reaching 1350% were recorded at failure stage. The impact resistance of MLPAFC prisms under flexural impact was noticeably improved, yet with lower percentages than cylindrical specimens. The insertion of intermediate GFMs let to additional developments in the impact strength of both cylindrical and prism specimens.

Impact of reinforcement on shrinkage in the concrete floors of a residential building

Abstract The type of floor in a building object results from the serviceability requirements, technical possibilities, and costs of its implementation. Concrete screeds constituting the structural layer of the floor can be made without reinforcement, with dispersed reinforcement, or reinforced with meshes of various materials. Due to the large surface dimensions, concrete screeds are susceptible to scratches as a result of occurring strains, service loads and unevenness of the floor. There are detailed recommendations on how to make floors, and on the materials used. However, the conditions in which floors are made often differ from those recommended. The article presents the results of measured strains on the surfaces of three screeds constituting the floor layer in a residential building. The screeds, which were made in identical environmental conditions, differed in the type of reinforcement used: steel mesh, dispersed polypropylene fibres, fibreglass mesh. In addition, strain measurements were carried out on concrete and fibre-reinforced concrete specimens made of the mix used to make the screeds. The results allowed the assessment of the effectiveness of the reinforcement used, the impact of environmental conditions on the values, and the analysis of differences in the course of strains in real elements and the specimens.

Dimensional stability of glass fiber reinforced poplar scrimber

AbstractFiber reinforced materials have been widely used in the different fields in terms of their excellent properties. In this work, glass fiber reinforced poplar scrimber was in focus, and special attention was given to its dimensional stability with respective of different layers (0, 1, 2, 3) and mass fraction (1.5 wt.%, 3.0 wt.%, 4.5 wt.%, 6.0 wt.%, 7.5 wt.%) of glass fiber mesh. The experimental results showed that the glass fiber reinforced poplar scrimber with 2 layers and 6.0 % mass fraction of glass fiber mesh has the greatest dimensional stability and energy efficiency ratio. It is proposed to be adopted in the industrial processing of glass fiber reinforced poplar scrimber to improve its application and production benefit.

Seismic behaviour of brickwork chimneys in buildings

The construction of chimneys of solid bricks in buildings with sloped roofs was commonplace in Bulgaria for almost a century. The collapse of a chimney during an earthquake could potentially lead to damages greatly exceeding the loss of the chimney itself, e.g. partial damage to the roof tiling and leaks, as well as material damage, injury or loss of life due to debris fall. A FEM model was created, in which the storeys of the building are represented in a generalised way, while the chimney is modelled explicitly as a cantilever supported at roof level. The internal forces in chimneys with heights ranging from 0.5 m to 2.0 m, belonging to buildings with height ranging from two to seven storeys were computed. Acceleration records from real earthquakes acting at the base of the building with varying peak ground acceleration and predominant period were used for input loading. The maximum tensile stresses at the bed joints were computed and were compared to the typical tensile strength of the mortars used for chimney construction, to assess the possibility of collapse. A simple, low-tech method for upgrading of existing chimneys by applying a coat of cement-based plaster with embedded fiberglass mesh is proposed.

Study of impact of bed joint reinforcement on load-carrying capacity and crack resistance of masonry walls made of calcium silicate units

This paper presents results from testing eight full-scale walls made of calcium silicate units. Tested walls were reinforced in the bed joint or unreinforced, with or without openings. The used reinforcement was steel truss type and fibreglass mesh coated with plastic. Tests also looked at the impact of reinforcement on load-carrying capacity and crack resistance in areas of stress concentration near openings, and at connection between perpendicular walls. Reinforcement was found to have a lower impact on load-carrying capacity, and a bigger impact on crack resistance of the masonry. The reinforcement effect on load-carrying capacity of walls reached ±10%. The flexible fibreglass mesh reinforcement caused an increase in load-carrying capacity of the lintel support zone, but did not have an impact on the load capacity of the zone of wall connections. The rigid steel reinforcement caused an increase in load-carrying capacity of the zone of wall connections, and a drop in the lintel support zone. Reinforcement in the spandrel area could increase the level of stress, at which a first crack occurred in the masonry, even by 70%. Cracking stresses at the connection between walls were even higher, up to 70–120%, due to the use of reinforcement.

Impact response of two-layered grouted aggregate fibrous concrete composite under falling mass impact

Two-layered Grouted Aggregates Fibrous Concrete Composite (TGAFCC) is a new category concrete which became popular recently and attracted the attention of researchers globally. Recent studies indicated that TGAFCC has notable improvement in mechanical properties, which has been sufficiently documented. However, the impact behaviour of TGAFCC when combined with Glass Fibre Mesh (GFM) and Textile Fibre Mesh (TFM) is still unexplored. The research objective is to study the effect of GFM and TFM insertion in TGAFCC against the drop hammer impact. Twenty one TGAFCC mixtures were prepared and divided into two series; non-fibrous concrete and fibrous concrete. The combined action of GFM and TFM of various diameters were inserted between the two layers and tested experimentally against drop mass impact. Additionally, all fibrous specimens were reinforced with a constant 3% dosage of 5D hooked end fibre. All specimens were tested under repeated drop mass impact as per ACI Committee 544. The impacts number or number of blows till the first visible crack and failure, impact energy at the first visible crack and failure, impact ductility index and cracking configuration were examined. Besides, Weibull distribution was used to examine the variations in the test results, where impact numbers were presented using the reliability function. The research findings indicate that inserting GFM and TFM between the two layers combined with 5D hooked end steel fibres, provided high impact resistance, higher absorbed energy and prolonged failure duration. Increasing the diameters of the GFM and TFM insertions, in both non-fibrous and fibrous concrete resulted in increasing the impact numbers till the first visible crack and failure. The experimental findings confirm that the major contribution of impact resistance comes from the 5D hooked end steel fibres, while the share of the intermediate meshes was significantly lower.

The Effect of Leaching Fraction-Based Irrigation on Fertilizer Longevity and Leachate Nutrient Content in a Greenhouse Environment

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of leaching fraction (LF) on the longevity of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) and leachate nutrient content in a pine bark substrate. The effect of LF-based irrigation was evaluated under six target LFs of 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55. The 2.72 L nursery pots were filled with 100% pine bark substrate amended with dolomitic lime at a rate of 2.97 kg/m3 and Harrell’s 16-6-13 POLYON® applied at a rate of 6 g per container. Fertilizer was encased in vinyl-coated fiberglass mesh bags and subdressed 2.5 cm under the substrate surface for recovery at the end of 10 weeks. The total amount of nutrients leached from the container was greater at higher LFs, with twice as much inorganic nitrogen leached at a LF of 0.55 than a 0.15 LF. The amount of dissolved nutrients left in the substrate decreased as the LF treatments increased. There were 29.6% more inorganic nitrogen and 37.7% more phosphorus left in the substrate irrigated with a 0.15 LF as compared to a 0.55 LF. This suggests that at lower LFs, more dissolved nutrients may be available for plant uptake. No differences were seen in the amount of nutrients lost from the CRF or remaining in the prills. Results indicate that reducing the LF did not influence the longevity of POLYON® CRF in a pine bark substrate, but that a lower LF may be useful in reducing nutrient runoff into the environment. Targeting a lower LF also resulted in a larger pool of plant-available nutrients, allowing nursery producers to potentially reduce fertilizer rates.

Fabrication and Testing of Novel Aluminium Composite Panel and Analysis of Composite Panel for Impact Loads in Collision Environment for Four-Wheelers Automobile

Impact loads from the crash of automobile always challenge the structural parts of the collided vehicles. Modern high – speed vehicles are subjected to high impact loads during accidents when the vehicle is accelerating at high speeds. This results in structural damage to the vehicle as well as passengers in the vehicle. In recent years, high-strength aluminum alloys have increasingly been used for building high-speed vehicles, and other types of weight-critical structures. In such structures, stiffened panels are the basic strength members. Composite panels can be used for the car body to reduce the weight of the vehicle and to increase the collision resistance. In this study, the aluminum composite panels with composite filled stiffeners are fabricated and tested experimentally under compression and impact loadings. Recycled ceramic powder, recycled steel flakes, and E - glass fiber mesh is taken as reinforcements and thermoplastic resins as matrix materials in the preparation stiffener filler composite. The composite panel specimens are fabricated and are tested experimentally under axial compression for collapse resistance.

In-plane cyclic loading of masonry walls strengthened by vegetal-fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites

Fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FCRMs) are promising composite materials for the retrofitting and reinforcement of existing structures. In this study, vegetal meshes consisting of hemp and cotton coated with epoxy were manufactured and combined with a cementitious matrix to strengthen masonry walls. A synthetic glass fibre mesh was also tested. Several walls were manufactured, strengthened, and tested under cyclic loading. The results allow us to compare the performances of different mesh configurations in terms of size and materials. All strengthening solutions significantly increased shear strength capacity and the ability to dissipate energy compared to unreinforced walls. Further, all strengthened walls exhibited multi-track pattern distributions and achieved distortion capacity improvements of up to 300%. Indicators of stiffness, energy dissipation, damping, residual deformation, and damage allow us to compare the strengthening performances of different solutions. The vegetal solutions provided superior efficiency compared to the glass-FRCM strengthened walls. Additionally, the use of a larger volume of vegetal fibres reduces the consumption of cement and can provide a sustainable solution. The main failure mechanism of the vegetal-FCRMs was debonding, which can be remedied by improvements to material interfaces.

유리섬유메쉬가 보강된 ALC 블록의 휨인장 성능

유리섬유메쉬가 보강된 ALC 블록의 휨인장 성능

Ammonia and methane oxidation on TiO2 supported on glass fiber mesh under artificial solar irradiation.

In this work, we present the application of solar photocatalysis for air purification including toxic substances such as ammonia and methane normally related to emissions from agriculture (e.g., poultry and cattle farms), landfills, etc. The study was done in three different laboratory and semi-pilot scale reactors: annular reactor (AR), mini-photocatalytic wind tunnel (MPWT), and photocatalytic wind tunnel (PWT). Reactors present a physical model for estimation of air-borne pollutant degradation over TiO2-based photocatalytic layer in respect to optimal operating conditions (relative humidity, air/gas flow, and feed concentration). All studies were performed under artificial solar irradiation with different portions of UVB and UVA light. The application of solar photocatalysis for air purification was evaluated based on thorough monitoring of pollutants in inlet and outlet streams. The kinetic study resulted with intrinsic reaction rate constants: kp,int,NH3 = (3.05 ± 0.04) × 10-3 cm4.5 mW-0.5 g-1 min-1 and kp,int,CH4 = (1.81 ± 0.02) × 10-2 cm4.5 mW-0.5 g-1 min-1, calculated using axial dispersion model including mass transfer considerations and first-order reaction rate kinetics with photon absorption effects. The results of photocatalytic oxidation of NH3 and CH4 confirmed continuous reduction of pollutant content in the air stream due to the oxidation of NH3 to N2 and CH4 to CO and CO2, respectively. The application of solar photocatalysis in outdoor air protection is still a pioneering work in the field, and the results obtained in this work represent a good basis for sizing large-scale devices and applying them to prevent further environmental pollution. In the current study, a TiO2 P25 supported on a glass fiber mesh was prepared from commercially available materials. The system designed in this way is easy to perform, operate, and relatively inexpensive.

The effects of various parameters on the strengths of adhesives layer in a lightweight floor system

Abstract The article presents the results of shear and tensile strength of deformable cement adhesives, reinforced by fiberglass mesh with a different weight in a lightweight floor system without screeds. The substrate under adhesive was EPS and XPS thermal insulation. Tests were carried out in dry, wet conditions as well as during freezing and thawing. On their basis, it can be concluded that the larger contact surface of the EPS thermal insulation with the deformable adhesive C2S1 increases the adhesive’s tensile strength. This surface is not important using C2S2 adhesives or when the substrate is made from rough insulation XPS. It was generally found that the higher weight of the fibreglass mesh in deformable cement adhesives has a more favorable effect on their shear strength. Water absorption does not significantly affect the adhesion of terracotta, and in some configurations of components in this system increases it. The adhesive with the symbol C2S2 compared to C2S1 has a higher tensile and shear strength using the same materials. Frost conditions do not allow for long-term use of this type of floor construction in snow and ice protection systems. This experimental research shows that an economical solution with optimal strength consists of XPS insulation, 205 g/m2 mesh, C2S1 adhesive.

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ТЕПЛОВОГО РЕЖИМУ ВУЗЛА ПРИМИКАННЯ БАЛКОННОЇ ПЛИТИ З УТЕПЛЕННЯМ

The results of thermal imaging examination of a multistory residential building, which indicate the presence of "cold bridges" in the junction of the adjacent balcony slab to the outer wall. An improved design of the energy-saving node of the adjacent balcony slab is proposed. In it on an external wall in the place of its adjoining to a balcony plate put a gluing solution on which place the heater on which impose a reinforced grid. Apply a primer and decorative plaster on top of the grid. Inside the outer wall, on its inner side at the place of adjoining the balcony plate, arrange a layer of insulation in the form of an airgel plate, and over the balcony plate stack plastic film. Next, place a heater, which is applied cement-sand mortar reinforced with fiberglass mesh. As a result of modeling the distribution of heat fluxes in the existing and proposed nodes of the adjacent balcony plate to the outer wall, it is established that the use inside the outer wall at the place of its adjacent to the balcony plate allows to reduce heat losses at the junction node.

Behaviour of Circular RC Column Confined with Textile Reinforced Mortar under Compression Load

The effectiveness of a new structural material, namely textile-reinforced mortar (TRM), was investigated experimentally in this study as a means of confining circular RC columns with two layers at different wrapping design. Four circular columns with size 600 mm height and 150 mm diameter were wrapped with glass fibre mesh at different types of wrapping design was prepared and tested under compression load. This study aims to establish an in- depth understanding on the effect of wrapping material and the design as a contributing factor in increment of load capacity. This research come into conclusion that wrapping the circular columns with TRM has increased the load capacity for the columns as compared to unwrapped columns, the best design is 100% wrapping with 14% increment in strength. Moreover, multiple researches have proven the efficacy of TRM wrapping design with different type of materials used in their studies. Based on the contemporaneity researches, this study was the first in term of studying the behaviour of circular RC column confined with various types of glass fibre design.

Mechanical Properties of High Calcium Flyash- GGBFS Geopolymer Paste, Mortar and the Effect of Glass Fibre Mesh on the Strength of Geopolymer Mortar Tile

In this paper, a combination of high-calcium fly ash (HCFA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) was used along with a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate(Na2SiO3) as alkaline activators (AAs) to produce geopolymer paste and mortar. The alkaline activator ratio (AAR) was maintained at 1.5 apart from their molarity at 10 for the study. A rational method, namely minimum voids approach was used for the mix design. A commercially available glass fibre mesh was used as reinforcement in the geopolymer mortar produced above, to assess its potential for use as a flooring tile. The influence of W/S (water-to-solids) ratio and the influence of various fine aggregates, namely, river sand (R), manufactured sand (M) and construction demolition waste (D) on the various geopolymer system (GP) and on the strength characteristics, are highlighted. A maximum transverse strength (TS) of 6.25 N/mm2 could be attained by the geopolymer tile, using three layers of glass fibre mesh and GP mortar developed. The study indicates that a combination of FA and GGBFS helps us to attain substantial strength under ambient temperature in geopolymer mortar.

Resistance of Flat Plate Reinforced of Glass Fiber Mesh Sheets Due To Shear Punching

punching shear failure of the flat plat of the column location especially of two-way flat plat is one of the major problem and this form of failure should be avoided. The paper deals with the punching shear behavior of the two-way concrete slabs reinforced by using thin sheets of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) with traditional steel bars reinforcement. Five flat plat specimens slabs measuring (1500x1500x150mm) with interior column measuring (150mmX150mm). Reinforced by GFRP thin mesh sheets in additional of deformed steel bars reinforcement were conducted and tested under concentric load until failure. The test parameter were studied i) No. of GFRP thin mesh sheets layers ii) Position of GFRP mesh thin sheets layers (at compression and tension zones). The test results were reported in terms of cracking behavior and propagation, maximum deflection, strains in concrete and reinforcement, punching shear capacity, and modes of failure. The test results were also employed to assess the accuracy of the available punching shear capacity equations including the new punching equations in ECP2018.201. The test results show that increasing in the punching shear capacity, decreasing of the average cracking widths, and improving in an integrity of the slab specimens which reinforcing by glass fiber thin mesh sheets in the post cracking stage in comparison with conventional reinforced concrete slabs.

Significance of Woven Fiberglass Mesh addition to Lightweight Foamed Concrete on its Flexural and Tensile Strengths

Significance of Woven Fiberglass Mesh addition to Lightweight Foamed Concrete on its Flexural and Tensile Strengths

Laboratory Investigation on Axial Compressive Strength of Lightweight Foamed Concrete Confined with Woven Fibreglass Mesh

Laboratory Investigation on Axial Compressive Strength of Lightweight Foamed Concrete Confined with Woven Fibreglass Mesh