This paper tested nine groups of six specimens each to investigate the bond behavior between deformed steel reinforcing bars and highly ductile fiber-reinforced concrete (HDC) under repeated and post-repeated monotonic loading considering different compressive strengths, flexural toughnesses, fiber volume contents and cover thicknesses. The results indicate that fiber bridging of cracks allowed the bonds in the HDC specimens to exhibit more ductile failure mode and greater energy dissipation capacity than those in conventional concrete. Furthermore, an increase in compressive strength or cover thickness improved the bond strength, whereas excessive flexural toughness was detrimental to further improvement in the bond strength and energy dissipation capacity. Finally, the residual bond strength increased by 95.03 % as the fiber volume content increased from 1 % to 2 %. Specimens with insufficient flexural toughness and cover thickness exhibited the deterioration in their bond strength and residual bond strength, with the former degrading more than the latter. After repeated loading, the stiffness of the primary ascending branch of the monotonic bond stress–slip curve significantly increased, whereas that of descending branch generally decreased. These results were applied to derive an equation for the bond strength between deformed bars and the HDC in which they are embedded under post-repeated monotonic loading.