Ash Fiber Research Articles

To Study the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Coconut Fibre Ash & CRT Powder with Addition of Asbestos Fiber

One of the ongoing issues with global sustainability in the twenty-first century is concrete. Cement has the highest carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption of all the components used in concrete, which include water, fine aggregates, cement additives, and cement itself. Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) technology has fallen behind as new technologies like Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) and LED Display Panels are constantly replacing it. As a result, there are more CRTs that need to be disposed of annually worldwide. It can modify the physical property of concrete. Use and Recycling of CRT Tube also reduce environmental hazard. Coconut coir fiber ash in concrete construction is an alternative of cement, coconut fiber ash has a good tendency when uses as a partial replacement for cement. Cement being costly material, so if partially replaced by coconut fiber ash can reduces the cost of concrete. The heat of hydration is decreased, which help in improving the drying, shrinkage and facilitate durability of the concrete mix. Coconut Fiber Ash has a tendency to increase Compressive, tensile, and flexural strength. Asbestos fibers were historically used as an additive in concrete to enhance its properties, primarily its tensile strength and resistance to cracking. The mechanical qualities of concrete, such as its tensile strength, durability, and fire resistance, were successfully improved with asbestos fibers. Because of this, asbestos-reinforced concrete gained popularity in the middle of the 20th century for a variety of building uses. This project's aim is to stop environmental damage caused by inappropriate disposal by employing it as an additional material in specially developed by Coconut Fiber Ash and CRT. The 11% of Coconut Fiber Ash and CRT powder replace with cement and with addition of 0.8% Asbestos fibers. Fiber were used as reinforcement. The compression strength test, flexural strength test, and split tensile strength test were used to determine the maximum proportion of replacement

Eco-friendly concrete bricks with tetris-t model

Abstract The development of construction has resulted in a higher demand for construction materials, especially concrete bricks. However, cement as one of the main components in concrete bricks has several problems. The process of cement making requires SiO2 and CaCO3 from natural sources, which can cause environmental damage. More environmentally friendly materials are needed to substitute the use of cement especially in concrete bricks. One of the materials rich in SiO2 is sugarcane Fiber ash, and materials rich in CaCO3 include eggshell powder. So, both materials are possible to be used as cement substitution materials. Innovation in form is also needed to reduce the use of cement in implementation as well as to speed up implementation time. The purpose of this research is to produce eco-friendly concrete bricks with a new design (Tetris-T model). The method used in this study is an experimental method based on SNI 03-0349-1989. The comparison of the brick mixture used is 1 pc: 6 sands with 4 variations of comparison between sugarcane Fiber ash: eggshell powder, namely variation A (0%:0%), variation B (5%: 10%), variation C (7.5%:7.5%), and variation D (10%:5%). The results of the study show that test specimen C has a compressive strength of 117.227 kg/cm2 and a water absorption of 4.87%. Based on the test results, it can be seen that variation C meets the standard requirements for SNI 03-0349-1989 quality III. The test of the effectiveness of installation on a wall measuring 1 × 1 meter shows that Tetris T innovation bricks take 38.85% less time to install compared to conventional bricks. Based on this research, reducing cement used about 15% can help the implementation of green projects to support sustainable development.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN ABU SERABUT KELAPA (ASK) SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAH TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON ALIR

Development in Indonesia continues to increase every year, this is due to the increasing population in this country. This construction requires important construction materials, such as concrete. Flowing concrete is a type of concrete that has a slump flow value of more than 19 cm, but still maintains the natural strength of the concrete according to ASTM C 1017 standards. Flowing concrete is usually used for placing thin sections or in areas of solid reinforcing steel to reduce handling costs, explained by (Dawood and Ramli 2010). To produce flowable concrete, it is necessary to use a superplasticizer so that the cement particles can be suspended evenly and separated into fine particles in the concrete mixture. Based on the research results, it shows that the addition of coconut fiber ash with percentages of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% with superplasticizer of 1.5% of the cement weight to determine the compressive strength of the concrete. The coconut fiber ash test object used acts as an additive in the optimum concrete mixture. The sample used was a 15 x 30 cm cylinder for testing the compressive strength of coconut fiber ash at the age of 7 days, 14 days and 28 days. The test results showed that with the addition of coconut fiber ash, the compressive strength of the concrete experienced fluctuations up and down at mixed percentages of 2.5% and 5%, while at percentages of 7.5% and 10% it tended to decrease compared to normal concrete.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PRODUCTION OF EPOXY ASPHALT CONCRETE BY ADDING CARBON ADDITIVES

Epoxy asphalt concrete is a durable, high-quality material consisting of epoxy resins, hardeners, and the mineral part itself. Accordingly, slow-hardening epoxy asphalt concrete has high physical properties and low sensitivity to temperature changes, which makes it usable as a rigid pavement and applicable even on metal and concrete bridge decks. However, a downside of epoxy asphalt concrete is its ability to gain strength over a long period of operation (up to 1 year). It is a disadvantage when using such coatings in the upper layer of the road surface. In addition, a long period of strength gain during intensive use of the road pavement leads to critical destruction of the pavement itself, plastic deformation, and a reduction in the service life (which may differ much from the standard). Using metal fibre substantially increases the strength and keeps the area from collapsing. The use of metal elements can significantly reduce the performance of the tires of vehicles that will drive on the road and even create a hazard in the event of destruction of the epoxy asphalt concrete area. Using epoxy binders notably increases the strength characteristics of road materials, especially at high temperatures, and boosts their ability to resist rutting. At the same time, the characteristics of epoxy concrete do not decrease during operation and at low temperatures, which indicates the versatility of such a material. The only drawback that cancels out all the positive features of epoxy asphalt concrete is its long strength gain. This disadvantage not only led to the problems mentioned above but also delayed the opening of traffic, which, especially on roads of higher categories, caused traffic disruption and inconvenience to the movement of vehicles. The authors proposed a solution to this problem by developing an improved epoxy asphalt concrete composition by introducing fibre ash into the developed composition as a reinforcing and structuring additive that accelerates the pavement formation time and strengthens the asphalt matrix in epoxy asphalt concrete. Keywords: epoxy asphalt concrete, additive, fibre, fly ash, combustion products.

Performance evaluation of coconut fiber ash as mineral filler in asphalt mixture

Performance evaluation of coconut fiber ash as mineral filler in asphalt mixture

Proximate, Physical, and Sensory Properties of Bread From Taro–Wheat Composite Flour

Bread is one of the most common staple foods consumed throughout the world. Wheat is the most important flour source in bread making owing to its gluten content and quality. However, the rising price of wheat is causing a considerable concern in the bread industry, necessitating the evaluation and utilization of flours of underutilized crops such as taro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of wheat flour by taro corm flours on the physical, proximate, and sensory properties of the resulting bread. A formulation of the composite flour was performed by replacing wheat flour with 7.5%–30% taro (Kihaque variety) flour using mixture design software. Evaluation of bread physical properties showed that loaf weight of breads tends to increase with increasing proportion of taro flour, while loaf volume was the highest at 15% level of substitution and the specific volume was found to be highest for control bread. Among the proximate compositions, the fat, fiber ash, and energy values of composite breads were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by taro flour blending ratios. It could be concluded that bread with acceptable sensory properties and similar to a control bread sample can be obtained at 15% taro flour substitution.

Effect of spent alumina catalyst and date palm fiber ash addition in the development of aluminum based composite

This study focuses on utilizing waste aluminum as a base material and aims to fabricate a new green composite material by incorporating industrial aluminum waste, carbonized date palm fiber (CDPF), and spent alumina catalyst (SAC) powder as reinforcing agents. Initially, this type of waste disposal SAC, along with date palm fiber ash, has not been used before. In practical applications, we can utilize our composite in the automobile industry since the results show improved mechanical properties and reduced corrosion. By introducing 1.25% SAC and 6.25% carbonized palm fiber (CDPF) particles into the waste aluminum, significant improvements have been observed in mechanical characteristics like tensile strength, hardness, and toughness. Comparative analysis with the base material reveals enhancements of approximately 20.82%, 33.11%, and 22.72% in tensile strength, hardness, and toughness, respectively. Moreover, a reduction in composite elasticity has been observed. The SEM and EDX results demonstrate a uniform microstructure in the composite material. Corrosion experiments indicate that the addition of SAC and CDPF effectively minimizes the annual corrosion rate.

Analysis of The Addition Polypropylene Fibre and 8670 Mn Viscocrete added Material on The Split Tensile Strength and Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

This study used waste coconut fibre and HDPE plastic as partial aggregate replacement materials. Coconut fibre ash has pozzolanic properties, which contain high silicate elements. High-density polyethene (HDPE) plastic has more potent, complex, opaque material properties and is more resistant to high temperatures. Superplasticizer is an admixture added to concrete during mixing and during placing to improve its strength performance. This study aims to study the effect of adding HDPE plastic as a substitute for coarse aggregate, coconut fibre ash as a substitute for fine aggregate and Viscrocrete-8670 MN on absorption, concrete compressive strength and elastic modulus of concrete. With variations in the addition of BN HDPE plastic, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%, the coarse aggregate passed 3/8 filter retained by filter no 4, 3% coconut fibre ash for each variation of concrete and Viscrocrete-8670 MN by 0.8% by weight of cement. The maximum value for each concrete test is the absorption value of concrete (4.23% for regular concrete), compressive strength (32.49 MPa for 1.5% HDPE concrete), and the modulus of elasticity (3152 MPa for 1.5% HDPE concrete).

Influence of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties and Precipitation Kinetic of Sugar Palm Fiber Ash Reinforced LM26 Al Matrix Composites

Heat treatment is a commonly known treatment subjected to aluminum alloy and their composites to improve their mechanical properties for automotive, aerospace, and marine applications. The heat treatment was carried out to determine the influence of aging time and temperature on the mechanical properties of LM26 Al alloy reinforced with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt% sugar palm fiber ash (SPFA) and its precipitation kinetics. The LM26 Al/SPFA composites were fabricated through the stir casting technique, solutionized at 500oC for 2 h, and quenched in water at room temperature. The quenched composites were aged at various ageing times and temperatures and allowed to air cool. The hardness, impact energy, tensile, and compression strengths of the aged composites were appraised. In addition, the precipitation kinetics were studied to validate the precipitation temperatures of LM26 Al matrix composites. The hardness of the composites increased with aging time and temperature, with LM26 Al/10 wt% SPFA composite reaching a hardness peak of 102.10 VH at an aging temperature of 180oC after 5 h, compared to 56.70 VH for LM26 Al alloy. Similarly, after 5 h of aging at 180oC, the LM26 Al/8 wt% SPFA composite achieved maximum tensile and compression strengths of 198.21 MPa and 326.22 MPa, respectively. Precipitation temperature decreased from 584.8oC (LM26 Al alloy) to 480.46oC (LM26/ 10wt% SPFA), indicating that adding SPFA improved precipitation kinetics. The age-hardened composite with high hardness, tensile strength, and compression strength makes it a promising piston material application in the automotive industry.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.) PADA BERBAGAI DOSIS KALIUM ORGANIK

Potassium is a macro nutrient needed for plant growth, especially for the formation of pods and seeds. Organic potassium sources such as coconut fiber ash can be used as an alternative to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Cow urine contains nitrogen nutrients which can be used as a source of N nutrients to reduce the use of urea fertilizer. This research aims to determine the dose of organic potassium, the dose of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from cow urine on the growth and production of peanuts. This research was structured using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 treatments, namely doses of organic potassium and cow urine liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). The parameters observed were plant height (cm), number of leaf stalks, seed weight per 1000 (gr), number of pods (seeds), fresh weight (gr), and dry weight (gr). The results of the study showed that treatment with doses of organic potassium and cow urine LOF had no significant effect on the growth and production of peanuts. The best dose of organic potassium is organic potassium equivalent to a dose of 75 kg KCl/ha. The best dose of cow urine LOF is 75 ml/l water (U2). The best combination of potassium dose equivalent to 75 Kg KCl/ha with a LOF dose of cow urine for growth and production of peanuts LOF cow urine 50 ml/l (A2U1).

Utilization of Coir Fibre Ash (CFA) in Cement Stabilized Peat

Peat is a soil that has a high compressibility property beside having a low bearing capacity. Due to these problems, the peat soil is not suitable for construction purposes. Coconut waste is an example of agricultural waste. In the context of environmental sustainability, the use of coir in geotechnical applications is desirable. This research was conducted to study peat stabilization by using Coir Fibre Ash (CFA) in partially replacing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) to improve the physical and geotechnical characteristics. Geotechnical laboratory experiments involved in this study are moisture contents, organic contents, fiber content, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, Unconfined Compression Strength Test (UCS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). In this study, the use of CFA as a stabilizer were used at mixture ratio of 5, 10, 15 and 20% of OPC replacement. Based on the UCS test carried out, it is found that the optimum strength for each ratio of CFA in the mixture showed a decrement pattern if compared to cement stabilized peat (PC). The results of SEM test shows that the structure of untreated peat becomes denser after stabilized. This is due to the cementing process. EDX test shows that the carbon content in the soil decreases while calcium content increases after the stabilization process is executed. Therefore, CFA is suitable to be used as pozzolan material in stabilized peat and can reach up 200kPa of UCS at 20% OPC replacement.

Effects of Different Fermenting Agents on Proximate Composition and Sensory Evaluation of Masa - A Fermented Puff Fried Batter

Fermentation improves the shelf life, texture, taste and aroma, nutritional value and digestibility and also lowers the content of antinutrients of fermented meals. This study investigated the effect of different fermenting agents on the quality of masa. The rice grains were sorted, cleaned, washed and soaked, wet milled and fermented separately with baker’s yeast, lactic acid culture (yogourmet) and tsamiyan gaye (citric acid) respectively. The final batter was fried and package for analysis. The different fermenting agent had significant (p<0.05) effect on all parameters measured. Masa fermented with lactic acid bacteria culture (LAB) had the highest value of 9.25% 0.83%, 1.01% and 18.51% for protein, crude fibre ash and fat content respectively while yeast fermented masa had higher respective value of 21.46% and 50.12% for moisture and carbohydrate content. The pH of masa sample is within the r range of 3.76-5.57 and titritable acidity of 0.05-0.17. The sensory evaluation was carried out to assess the acceptability of the masa samples. However, all masa samples were generally accepted but baker’s yeast fermented masa had higher means scores for overall acceptability (7.40). Tsamiyan gaye (citric acid) and LAB culture can be used as an alternative to baker’s yeast for preparation of masa.

A Study on Cement Partially Replaced with Chalk Powder and Coconut Fiber Ash with the Addition of Asbestos Fiber

Abstract: Concrete can be defined as a building material that can be composed by mixing gravel or broken stone, sand, cement, and water. The mixture can be poured into any shape, size of mould, which on hardening gives a solid stone like mass, the strength of hardened solid mass can be increased by adding admixtures. The main aim of the admixtures is to enhance the properties to some extend of the desired solid mass. In common man language concrete can be defined as mixture of paste and aggregates. The partial replacement of aggregates is need for the future generation of concrete structures for the environment supportable. The depletion of the natural resources gets exhausted. We have think over the alternate replacement of the materials. In present work the cement partially replaced by Chalk Powder, Coconut Fiber Ash with the addition of Asbestos Fibres. Optimum value of strength in compression, split tensile and flexure came at 18% replacement with 0.6% addition the strength is higher than conventional concrete. The workability of mixture increases and after that there is decrease in the workability of the concrete when we increase the percentage of Chalk Powder, Coconut Fiber Ash. A series of experiment were carried out to measure the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of the concrete. The results showed that the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength increases with the adding of the Chalk Powder, Coconut Fiber Ash with the addition of Asbestos Fibres.

Pemanfaatan Abu Serabut Kelapa dan Serbuk Cangkang Telur Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton

Indonesia is the largest coconut fiber producing country in the world and has not been able to process it optimally. Egg shell waste is also one of the wastes that is often encountered because many food raw materials use eggs. This research was conducted to determine the value of the compressive strength of concrete with the addition of coconut fiber ash and eggshell powder as a substitute for cement and which of the percentages of 0%, 0.5%, and 1.5% added mixture has optimal compressive strength for concrete quality. K – 225 or equivalent to 19.3 MPa at 28 days of age. The method used in this study is an experimental method according to SNI 03-2834-2000 concerning Procedures for Making Plans for Normal Concrete Mixture. The results of this study revealed that the addition of coconut fiber ash and eggshell powder to the concrete mixture decreased the compressive strength compared to normal concrete but not significantly. The average compressive strength value of normal concrete is 19.58 MPa. Whereas the compressive strength of concrete with the highest added material is the percentage of 0.5% coconut fiber ash and 0.5% eggshell powder with an average compressive strength of 19.30 MPa.

Utilization Of Coconut Fiber Ash Waste As An Added Material In Mortar

Mortar is a mixture of materials composed of fine aggregate (sand), adhesives such as (clay, lime, portlaand cement) and water with a certain composition. Mortar can be affected by several specification factors such as density, mortar age, type of bonding material, and aggregate properties. In this study using coconut fiber ash as an added material in making mortar which has a function as an enhancer of compressive strength value in mortar. In coconut fiber ash, it has an important chemical compound for mortar, namely silica compounds which function as the main element to increase the compressive strength value of mortar. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of adding coconut fiber ash material on the compressive strength of mortar with a percentage of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%. From the results of the research conducted, a compressive strength value of 253 Mpa was obtained at a percentage of 10% of 7 days old and 253 Mpa at a percentage of 2.5% of 7 days old.

Estimating the Tensile Strength Properties of Plantain Fiber Ash Particulate and Silumin using Box-Behnken Design.

This study utilizes response surface methodology (RSM) to estimate the engineering parameters of PFAP/silumin composites. The tensile strengths of the developed composites were evaluated using a Box-Behnken design (BBD), considering factors such as weight fraction, particle size, soaking time, plantain fiber ash particulate concentration, and silumin. The results indicate that the weight fraction of fibers has the greatest influence on tensile strength, with interaction effects being more significant than linear and quadratic effects. The predicted tensile strengths of the PFAP/silumin composites, obtained through RSM, closely matched the experimental values, validating the reliability of the software. The range of predicted tensile strengths was found to be 44.66 MPa to 64.05 MPa, while the obtained experimental values ranged from 40.31 MPa to 75.98 MPa. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the BBD method in quickly obtaining optimum values of tensile strength for PFAP/silumin composites. Furthermore, this research highlights the promising potential of utilizing waste materials in the automotive industry, particularly in East Africa. Keywords: Response surface methodology (RSM), Natural fibers, Hybrid composites, Tensile strength Agro-waste, Cellulose fiber, Box-Behnken design (BBD), Automotive industry.

Hardness and corrosion behaviour of stir cast LM26 Al/sugar palm fibre ash composites

PurposeThe conflicting results on the corrosion characteristics of aluminium matrix composites reinforced with agrarian waste have stimulated an investigation on the hardness and corrosion rate of sugar palm fibre ash (SPFA) reinforced LM26 Al/alloy composite by varying the SPFA from 0 to 10 wt% in an interval of 2 wt%. This paper aims to discuss the aforementioned issue.Design/methodology/approachThe composites were produced via stir-casting and the hardness was determined using a Vickers hardness testing machine, corrosion rate was examined through the weight loss method by immersion in 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) at temperatures of 303, 318, and 333 K for the maximum duration of 120 h. The morphological study was conducted using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) on the samples before and after immersion in HCl.FindingsThe incorporation of SPFA improved the hardness of the alloy from 58.22 to 93.62 VH after 10 wt% addition. The corrosion rate increases with increased content of SPFA, the concentration of HCl and temperature. The least corrosion rate of 0.0272 mpy was observed for the LM26 Al alloy in 0.5 M after 24 h while the highest corrosion rate of 0.8511 mpy was recorded for LM26 Al/10 wt% SPFA in 1.5 M HCl acid after 120 h. The SEM image of corroded samples revealed an increased number of pits with increased SPFA content.Research limitations/implicationsThe work is limited to SPFA up to 10 wt% as reinforcement in LM26 Al alloy, the use of HCl as corrosion medium, temperatures in the range of 303–333 K, and a weight loss method were used to evaluate the corrosion rate.Originality/valueThe corrosion rate was determined for LM26 Al/SPFA composites with various amounts of SPFA in 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 M HCl at 303, 318 and 333 K and compared with the matrix alloy.

Optimization of synthesizing bricks from red mud composite with coconut fiber and clay

Red Mud is a bauxite solid waste which is dangerous for the environment because of its alkalinity (10-13). With a very high pH, it can interfere with the hydrological conditions of areas that are directly affected by Red mud. Efforts to utilize red mud to have use-value have been widely carried out. Red mud consists of Gibbsite, Hematite and Cristobalite. The main ingredients of red mud are Fe2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2 which can still be utilized by 44.66%, 28.87% and 20.21%. Red mud can be utilized as a basic material for bricks. Red mud needs to be composited with other materials because it does not have enough SiO2 composition to get good quality bricks. For this reason, in this study, Red mud was composed of clay and coconut fiber. Both of these materials are known to have high SiO2 content compared to Red mud. In this study, the optimal composition of red mud, clay, and coconut fiber ash compositions was 3: 3: 1.

Compressive Test and Microstructure Analysis of the Coconut Fiber Ash-based Geopolymer Binder

This watchfulness goal is to define the compressive test value and microstructure of a geopolymer binder made from coconut fiber ash (CFA). CFA comes from the combustion of coconut fibers in the tile-making industry in Tabanan, Bali. This waste is processed into CFA, which consists of 8.24% silicon dioxide, 70.6% potassium oxide, 14.1% chlorine, 2.3% diphosphate pentoxide, and 2.25% iron dioxide. CFA is then used as a crude material for the manufacture of geopolymer binders. The mixture's proportion consisted of three groups of variations: the ratio of precursors and activators, P/A: 70%:30%; 75%:25%; and 80%:20%. In the experiment, Na₂SiO₃ and a 14 M molar concentration of NaOH were combined in weight ratios of 1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1. These are both alkaline activators. The sample was shaped into 50-mm cubes, dried in an 80℃ heater for 24 hours, and then tested at 7 and 28 days. The ASTM-C39 standard was used for the compression test, while the microstructural analysis used X-RD and SEM-EDX. The results showed that coconut fiber ash precursors could be used to generate a geopolymer binder with a compressive value of 4.67 MPa and 6.24 MPa on the 7^th and 28^th days of testing, respectively. The microstructure of the solid sample, which was associated with the rise in compressive value, was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Using 80% CFA gave the best results.

The Production of Salted-Egg With Low Levels of Sodium and Cholesterol

The specific aim to be achieved is the production of salted eggs low-sodium and low cholesterol. Spices for making 30 salted duck eggs are coconut fiber ash 1 kg, green tea in two tablespoons, 15 gram of bay leaves, 15 gram of reed root, 15 gram of leaves of mahkota dewa, 15 gram guava leaves, and 1/2 kg palm sugar. The method in the experiment is a complete randomized method with five treatment groups namely; five treatments (days) and five replications. K = first day, P1 = fourth day, P2 = eighth day, P3 = twelfth day, P4 = sixteenth day. The main ingredients are duck eggs taken randomly and used as research samples. Each treatment consisted of five duck eggs. The parameters measured in each treatment (observation day) were organoleptic tests, cholesterol and sodium content from salted eggs. The results obtained were salted egg organoleptic test, cholesterol content in salted eggs, and better sodium content in salted eggs at the incubation until day 14