Addition Of Fibers Research Articles

Using Optimization Techniques on Mechanical Characteristics and Sustainability Assessment of Rubberized Concrete Blended with PVA Fiber Through Response Surface Methodology

The construction sector is promoting eco-friendly materials to combat global warming. Researchers use crumb rubber (CR) in concrete due to its ductility and hardness, but studies show it can decrease strength. Therefore, the addition of PVA fiber improves the mechanical properties of CR concrete. The research aims to assess the mechanical and physical characteristics of concrete by utilizing RSM modeling and optimization, comparing the effects of CR replacement for sand and PVA fiber by volume fraction. It has been observed that the optimum compressive, tensile and flexural strengths were observed by 49 MPa, 4.31 MPa, and 5.88 MPa at 10% of sand replaced with CR and 1.5% of PVA fiber together at 28 days, respectively. In addition, water absorption improves with increased CR and PVA fiber in concrete, while dry density decreases with increased CR and PVA fiber quantity in concrete at 28 days, respectively. Moreover, RSM was utilized to develop response prediction models with R2 coefficients ranged from 97 to 99%. Furthermore, the enhancement of embodied carbon is seen when the volume percent of PVA fiber and CR increases in concrete. Additionally, using 10% CR instead of sand and adding 1.5% PVA fiber has been proven to deliver favourable outcomes for the construction sector therefore it is recommended for construction purpose.

An effect of nano alumina and nano titanium di oxide with polypropylene fiber on the concrete: mechanical and durability study

For a long time, researchers have worked to improve the qualities of cement-based mixes. Because of their small size, strong reactivity, and huge surface area, nanoparticles are becoming more and more regarded as one of the greatest substitutes for cement because of their capacity to increase durability and strength. This work presents the results of an experimental investigation into the strength and durability properties of fiber-reinforced concretes with polypropylene (PP) fibers added to the concrete by volume and nano Al2O3 and nano TiO2 are used as partial substitutes for cement. Nano Al2O3 and nano TiO2 particles used ranged in size from 30 to 300 nm. The specimens were cast using cement blended nano Al2O3 and nano TiO2 percentages of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% by weight of cement. M55 grade concrete was employed for the casting process. The addition of PP fibers to the concrete was 0.5% by volume. The specimens underwent a battery of mechanical tests, including microstructural testing, compression testing, split tensile strength testing, and rupture modulus testing. Furthermore, tests for durability factors such as porosity, sorptivity, and degradation were conducted, and the findings are presented. By comparing the outcomes, it was shown that the inclusion of 0.5% PP fibers and 2% nano Al2O3 or nano TiO2 improved the mechanical qualities, but a decrease followed this in strength. The findings demonstrated that 2% nano Al2O3 combined with 0.5% PP fiber had a greater mechanical strength than 2% nano TiO2.

A Review of Fatigue Performance of Fiber Mixture with Concrete

The fatigue performance of fiber reinforced concrete is a research hotspot in the field of civil engineering. This paper systematically reviews the related research. The fatigue performance of fiber reinforced concrete is different from that of ordinary concrete because the internal structure is changed by the addition of fiber. Different kinds of fibers have different effects on fatigue performance. Steel fiber can enhance the toughness of the matrix, effectively hinder crack propagation, and significantly improve the fatigue life. Synthetic fibers have obvious effects in inhibiting early microcracks, and the mixed use of the two will produce complementary phenomena. Among them, steel fiber has the greatest improvement in the mechanical properties of concrete, with an average increase of 30.5%-41.7%. Glass fiber and synthetic fiber have improved the mechanical properties of concrete, with an increase of 10.5%-14.6%. Among them, the improvement of mixed fiber is significantly higher than that of single fiber and the mechanical properties are improved by about 45%-59.2%. The existing research mostly focuses on experimental analysis, numerical simulation is relatively less, and the research on long-term fatigue performance in practical engineering applications is still insufficient. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen multi-scale research, improve numerical models, and deeply explore its fatigue behavior in complex environments, so as to provide more solid theoretical support for engineering applications.

Damage Evolution Characteristics of Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Cellular Concrete Based on Acoustic Emission

In order to investigate the steel fiber parameters on the damage characteristics and crack evolution of cellular concrete materials, uniaxial compression–acoustic emission combined tests were carried out on steel-fiber-reinforced cellular concrete (SFRCC) with different steel fiber contents (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) and different porosities (10% and 20%). The material damage evolution characteristics were analyzed by acoustic emission parameters and IB values, and the crack types were identified using Gaussian mixture clustering method (GMM) pairs. The results show the following: the inclusion of steel fibers increased the compressive strength of cellular concrete by 19.8~46.3% at 10% porosity, and by 37.1~102.2% at 20% porosity; the addition of steel fibers significantly increased the density and intensity of the acoustic emission signals; the decreasing tendency of the IB value at the peak stress slowed down with the increase in the amount of steel fibers, and the steel fibers could effectively inhibit the crack development; crack classification results show that the proportion of shear cracks in all stages of cellular concrete increased significantly after the addition of steel fibers.

Numerical simulation of cementing seal integrity during electric heating of oil shale

Electric heating technology is a vital method for in-situ modification and exploitation of oil shale. This process subjects the wellbore and cement sheath to prolonged exposure to high temperature and pressure environments, posing significant challenges to the integrity of the cementing seal. To investigate the thermally induced changes during the electric heating process of cement sheath and oil shale, a combined model of cement sheath and oil shale was established using the discrete element method. The combined model was calibrated based on macroscopic mechanical experiments of cement sheath and oil shale. Subsequently, the thermal-mechanical coupling problem and thermal cracking phenomenon of the combined model under high temperature and high pressure environments were examined. The results revealed that thermal cracks begin to emerge at the onset of heating at around 150 °C, leading to a decrease in compressive strength and elastic modulus of the combined body. As the temperature reaches 400 °C to 500 °C, the number of thermal cracks peaks. The underground high-pressure environment impedes the thermal expansion of combined body particles, thereby inhibiting the development of thermally induced cracks. The addition of steel fibers to the cement sheath significantly reduces thermal cracking and effectively enhances the sealing performance of the cement sheath.

The Influence of Fiber Dispersion on the Properties of MgO Concrete and Engineering Applications.

Adding expansion agents to compensate for concrete shrinkage is a common crack resistance technique, but excessive expansion can also increase the porosity of concrete and reduce its strength. The addition of fibers can reduce expansion and improve the compactness of concrete. However, too little fiber will not be effective in inhibition, while too much fiber will cause aggregation. In this study, steel fiber and MgO expansive agent were used at the same time, and the effect of fiber on the mechanical properties of MgO concrete was studied. The results showed that the appropriate amount of MgO (8%) could compensate for the shrinkage of concrete and slightly improve the strength of concrete. When the content reached 10%, MgO produced excessive expansion under free conditions, which reduced the strength of the concrete. After using MgO and steel fiber at the same time, steel fiber could restrain the expansion of MgO, improve the compactness of concrete, produce a "super superposition" benefit, and increase the strength of concrete by 20%. In addition, the reinforcing effect of steel fiber on MgO was closely related to its distribution. In the composite system, steel fiber not only played a "bridge role" but also needed steel fiber to effectively restrain the expansion of MgO and produce self-stress. Only when the steel fibers were evenly distributed could reliable bonding be ensured between the fibers and the matrix, and at this time, the fibers could restrain the expansion of MgO. Considering the uniformity of steel fiber distribution and construction cost, adding 8% MgO and 1% steel fiber has the maximum benefit.

Inulin or xylooligosaccharide addition to dulce de leche affects consumers' sensory experience and emotional response.

The growing interest in reducing sugar and fat in processed foods has led to the use of fibers with prebiotic potential, such as inulin and xylooligosaccharide (XOS), as substitutes capable of enhancing nutritional value and sensory quality. Using an innovative approach with Free Just-About-Right (FREE JAR) to obtain Drivers of Liking, this study evaluated consumer perception (n=129) regarding the impact of adding inulin and XOS to Dulce de Leche with or without fat reduction. The term "Too Greasy" was significant for the product made with whole milk; however, adding inulin and XOS mitigated this effect and promoted the sensation of JAR sweetness. The product made with skimmed milk and added XOS was associated with being "Too Thick." The sentiment map demonstrated that products made with whole milk, when compared to others, generated more positive opinions and evoked a more positive emotional response. In contrast, products made with skimmed milk were associated with negative opinions and emotional responses, possibly due to the fat reduction compromising the overall perception of the product. These results indicated that the addition of fibers has a positive impact on sensory perception, particularly in the modulation of texture and sweet taste. Therefore, this strategy can be cautiously considered in product reformulation. In the case of dulce de leche, fat played a fundamental role in the interaction between sensory attributes, and its reduction may require specific approaches to maintain product acceptance. The use of inulin and XOS is an alternative that can be explored to help preserve these sensory characteristics.

3D printing of high internal phase emulsions stabilized by OSA modified potato starch: Effect of citrus fiber addition

3D printing of high internal phase emulsions stabilized by OSA modified potato starch: Effect of citrus fiber addition

Enhancing Compressed Earth Block Performance: Effects of Gelatinized Starch and Fiber Reinforcement on Mechanical Properties

This study investigates the impact of starch stabilization and fiber reinforcement on the mechanical properties of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs). Various stabilization methods were tested to enhance the mechanical performance of CEBs, with a focus on starch as a natural binder and the incorporation of hemp as natural fibers. The research findings indicate that while starch slightly reduced internal cohesion by 13%, the addition of fibers alone significantly improved compression resistance by increasing strength by a factor of 3.57. When combined with starch, the effectiveness of fibers on compression resistance slightly decreased to a factor of 3.21. Cement stabilization, though providing the highest strength with a factor of 7, poses greater environmental challenges due to its high energy consumption and carbon emissions. In contrast, starch and natural fibers offer promising, eco-friendly alternatives that enhance CEB performance while reducing environmental impact. This study highlights the potential for integrating sustainable materials into construction practices to meet both structural and environmental objectives.

To Study the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Coconut Fibre Ash & CRT Powder with Addition of Asbestos Fiber

One of the ongoing issues with global sustainability in the twenty-first century is concrete. Cement has the highest carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption of all the components used in concrete, which include water, fine aggregates, cement additives, and cement itself. Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) technology has fallen behind as new technologies like Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) and LED Display Panels are constantly replacing it. As a result, there are more CRTs that need to be disposed of annually worldwide. It can modify the physical property of concrete. Use and Recycling of CRT Tube also reduce environmental hazard. Coconut coir fiber ash in concrete construction is an alternative of cement, coconut fiber ash has a good tendency when uses as a partial replacement for cement. Cement being costly material, so if partially replaced by coconut fiber ash can reduces the cost of concrete. The heat of hydration is decreased, which help in improving the drying, shrinkage and facilitate durability of the concrete mix. Coconut Fiber Ash has a tendency to increase Compressive, tensile, and flexural strength. Asbestos fibers were historically used as an additive in concrete to enhance its properties, primarily its tensile strength and resistance to cracking. The mechanical qualities of concrete, such as its tensile strength, durability, and fire resistance, were successfully improved with asbestos fibers. Because of this, asbestos-reinforced concrete gained popularity in the middle of the 20th century for a variety of building uses. This project's aim is to stop environmental damage caused by inappropriate disposal by employing it as an additional material in specially developed by Coconut Fiber Ash and CRT. The 11% of Coconut Fiber Ash and CRT powder replace with cement and with addition of 0.8% Asbestos fibers. Fiber were used as reinforcement. The compression strength test, flexural strength test, and split tensile strength test were used to determine the maximum proportion of replacement

Effect of polypropylene and brass‐coated steel fibers on bond behavior of GFRP bars in normal and high‐strength geopolymer concrete

AbstractIn the current study, the effect of two types of fibers, polypropylene (PP) and brass‐coated steel (BS) fibers, on the bond performance of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer bars with geopolymer concrete is investigated. Additionally, the impact of embedment length, bar diameter, and compressive strength of the concrete on the bond behavior was considered. The result shows that inclusion of BS fibers considerably improves the pullout capacity and the curve's initial stiffness, as the BS fibers have a superior tensile strength than PP fibers. In the case of PP specimens, few samples demonstrated a change in failure mode from split to pullout. However, in the case of BS specimens, including those that showed split failure in PP specimens, failed in a pullout fashion. The crack width seen on the exterior concrete surface is considerably reduced with the addition of fibers. To assess the post‐peak response of the bond stress versus slip curves, energy‐based bond toughness parameters were proposed, and the results indicate that the post‐peak response was enhanced by the addition of BS fibers. Increasing the embedment length and bar diameter has a negative impact on the bond characteristics, whereas the concrete strength has the opposite effect. Experimental results compared with analytical models, and Cosenza‐Manfredi‐Realfonzo model outperformed the modified Eligehausen, Popov, and Bertero model. Overall, BS fibers produce superior outcomes.

Bonding properties of carbon fiber fabrics to cementitious interfaces and failure analysis

ABSTRACT The use of textile reinforced mortar (TRM) to reinforce and repair buildings is currently the most effective way of reinforcement. The interfacial bond strength between fabric and cementitious is the most important factor affecting the effectiveness of TRM reinforcement. This experiment examined the impact of various surface treatments, cementitious modification, and the addition of staple fibers to the cementitious on the interfacial bonding performance of the carbon fiber textile reinforced mortar composite (CTRM). The interfacial shear force was higher for the fabric samples that were immersed in a NaOH solution, the samples that had 10% waterborne polyurethane added to the mortar, and the samples that had carbon fibres added to the mortar. These changes were compared to the untreated samples and were 53.6%, 72.2%, and 65.2% higher, respectively. Adding waterborne polyurethane to mortar to change it has a big impact on improving the properties of the interface between fabric and cementitious, according to a thorough study.

Selection of Components and Methods of Modification of Soil Cement to Improve the Performance Properties of Subgrade

Purpose. The main objective of the scientific article is a reasonable selection of soil-cement reinforcing structural elements and methods of modifying the soil-cement structure to strengthen the subgrade for railroad tracks. Methodology. For the construction of soil-cement reinforcing elements for a combined railway track using drilling and mixing technology, a number of tasks were solved, including: a reasonable selection of the components and modifiers of the soil-cement element; determination of the properties of the components; establishment of operational requirements for soil-cement and its composition; design of optimal compositions with specified performance characteristics, taking into account the properties of soils and operating modes. Findings. The influence of soil-cement components on the rheological properties of soil-cement mixtures and the physical and mechanical properties of soil-cement was studied. Based on the data processing by statistical analysis, the optimal content of the constituent components of soil-cement mixtures was selected to ensure the technological and operational performance of soil-cement for different types of soils and to strengthen the soil base during track construction. The influence of mineral granular, fibrous and chemical modifiers on the properties of soil cement was investigated. Originality. The possibility of using vertical reinforcing elements made of soil cement with the necessary technological and operational parameters obtained by drilling and mixing technology to strengthen the subgrade, taking into account the stress-strain state and morphology of the soil bases, has been determined. Based on the study, the author made an attempt to select the components and develop optimal soil cement compositions for strengthening the subgrade of a railroad for a combined track. The directions of modification of soil cement with mineral, fiber and chemical additives are also considered. Practical value. The study makes it possible to obtain soil-cement elements of optimal composition and properties for different types of soils and stress-strain states in order to vertically strengthen the soil bases for the railway track. To modify the structure of soil cement and minimize cement consumption, it is proposed to use fiber fibers as modifying reinforcement components. To increase the density, crack resistance, strength, and modulus of deformability and improve the plasticity of the mixture, it is recommended to use chemical modifiers up to 0.3 % and to save cement – particles of fine industrial waste in the form of ground slag or stone grinding screenings in the amount of 20...30 %.

Performance Evaluation of Recycled Fibers in Asphalt Mixtures

This study presents the results of using innovative and sustainable recycled fibers in different asphalt mixtures. Laboratory design and performance evaluation were focused on the cracking and rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures reinforced with recycled fibers. Two mixtures were designed for this research: 1. A dense-graded hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixture containing 15% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and a PG 64-22 asphalt binder. 2. A cold-recycled mixture (CRM) incorporating silica fume and Portland cement as a mineral filler and CSS-1H asphalt emulsion. The recycled fibers used in this study included PET, LDPE, and carbon and rubber fibers. A balanced mix design (BMD) approach based on cracking and rutting performance parameters was used to design the control mixtures. The IDEAL-CT (ASTM D8225) was conducted to assess the cracking resistance, and the IDEAL-RT (ASTM D8360) was applied for rutting resistance. For the HMA mixture, results showed that the addition of PET, carbon, and rubber fibers enhanced cracking resistance and influenced the rutting resistance; ANOVA analyses revealed statistically significant differences in both CT index and RT index between the control mixture and the fiber-reinforced mixtures. In the case of the cold-recycled mixtures, the addition of LDPE, PET, and rubber improved cracking resistance; however, a decrease in rutting resistance was also observed among the evaluated CRM samples.

Mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete short columns under freeze-thaw cycles

To investigate the effect of polypropylene fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete structures in cold regions, obtain an appropriate amount of polypropylene fiber content, and improve the frost resistance of the structure, freeze-thaw cycle tests were conducted on three groups of reinforced concrete short column specimens with different polypropylene fiber contents. The depth of surface damage of the specimen was detected using ultrasonic method. The stress process and failure of the specimen were analyzed through axial compression test, and the corresponding changes in compressive toughness were discussed. A formula for calculating the axial compressive bearing capacity of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete short columns after freeze-thaw cycles was established. The test results indicate that the addition of polypropylene fibers can reduce the compressive bearing capacity of reinforced concrete short columns. An appropriate amount of polypropylene fiber can enhance the frost resistance, ductility and toughness of concrete components, and the recommended volume fraction of polypropylene fiber is 0.08–0.12%.

Features of the Reinforcement–Soil Interfacial Effect in Fiber-Reinforced Soil Based on Pullout Tests

To investigate the reinforcement–soil interfacial effects in fiber-reinforced soil, this study developed a novel horizontal pullout tester and conducted pullout tests on coarse polypropylene fibers in plain soil, cemented soil, and fine fiber-reinforced cemented soil. Three soil types were analyzed: low liquid limit clay, high liquid limit clay, and clay sand. The pullout tester proved to be both scientifically robust and efficient. Depending on the soil properties, coarse polypropylene fibers were pulled out intact or fractured. The pullout curves displayed distinct multi-peak patterns, with wavelengths closely linked to the fiber’s intrinsic characteristics. The pullout curve wavelength for plain soil matched the fiber’s intrinsic wavelength, while it was slightly greater in cemented soils. The peak pullout force increased with extended curing periods, higher cement content, more excellent compaction, and the addition of fine polypropylene fibers. Among these factors, compaction had the most significant impact on enhancing the soil–fiber interfacial effect. Friction, cohesion, and fiber interweaving created interlocking effects, inhibiting fiber sliding. Cement hydration processes further deformed the fiber, increasing its friction coefficient and sliding resistance. Hydration products also fill soil voids, improving soil compactness, enlarging the fiber–soil contact area, and enhancing frictional and occlusal forces at the interface.

Biodegradable trays made from Poraqueiba serícea Tulasne seed starch and Zea Mays cob flour

The environmental impact of polystyrene and other petrochemical packaging has increased interest in researching biodegradable materials as alternatives. The main objective of this research was to develop biodegradable trays from five formulations of Poraqueiba sericea Tulasne (known as umari) seed starch and corn cob meal. The trays were produced using the thermoforming process applying temperatures of 135°C and 145°C for each side of the tray for a time of 6.5 min. Physical analysis of the trays showed that the increase in the percentage of corn cob flour caused changes in color (L*: 68.69 - 64.94), thickness (2.20 - 3.17 mm), density (0.251 - 0.414 g/cm3), moisture (3.85 - 5.68%), water absorption (21.86 - 39.05%), volatile solids (95.33 - 98.31%). Regarding mechanical properties, it was also evidenced the increase in hardness (67.70 - 90.97 N), fracturability (1.43 and 3.19 mm), tension (2.84 to 3.43 MPa) and elongation (1.54 to 2.04%). The formulation of 87.5% umari seed starch and 12.5% tusa flour presented more favorable physical and mechanical properties. Further analysis of this formulation was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which identified bands characteristic of starch (1055 and 1027 cm-1); X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed characteristic peaks (2θ = 16.83° and 2θ = 22.69°) associated with cellulose crystallinity in the biodegradable tray; and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed cellulosic voids with irregular distribution due to the addition of fibers. Future research should examine the potential applications of these biodegradable trays for the packaging of raw materials in the food industry.

Influences of basalt fiber position and addition on the mechanical and viscoelastic behaviors of steel mesh/flax/basalt fiber metal laminates

Influences of basalt fiber position and addition on the mechanical and viscoelastic behaviors of steel mesh/flax/basalt fiber metal laminates

Biocomposites Based on Mould Biomass and Waste Fibres for the Production of Agrotextiles: Technology Development, Material Characterization, and Agricultural Application.

This study explores the potential use of mould biomass and waste fibres for the production of agrotextiles. First, 20 mould strains were screened for efficient mycelium growth, with optimized conditions of temperature, sources of carbon and nitrogen in the medium, and type of culture (submerged or surface). A method was developed for creating a biocomposite based on the mould mycelium, reinforced with commercial bleached softwood kraft (BSK) pulp and fibre additives (cotton, hemp). The best properties, including mechanical, water permeability, and air permeability, were shown by the biocomposites containing 10-20% Cladosporium cladosporioides mycelium grown in surface or submerged cultures, milled with BSK pulp, cotton, and hemp (10-20%). The mould mycelium was refined with cellulosic fibrous material, formed, pressed, and dried, resulting in a biomaterial with good mechanical parameters, low water permeability, and high air permeability. The biocomposite was fully biodegradable in soil after 10 days in field conditions. The use of the biocomposite as a crop cover shortened the germination time and increased the percentage of germinated onion, but had no effect on parsley seeds. This study shows the potential of using mould mycelium for the production of biomaterial with good properties for applications in horticulture.

Mechanical properties of lightweight photocatalytic marbelite

This study investigated the mechanical performance of lightweight photocatalytic marbelite (LPM). In the production of LPM, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and various fiber additives were used to impart self-cleaning properties to the LPM with photocatalytic effect. In the study, fibers were added to the LPM mix at different ratios (0%, 0.5%, 1%) and unit weight, ultrasound transmission rate, bending, splitting tensile and compressive strength tests were carried out on these specimens. The mixture was prepared with perlite and polyester resin and enriched with TiO2 and fiber additives. Perlite was used as an aggregate in the LPM and lightweighting properties were added to the specimens. The experimental results show that increasing the fiber content significantly improves the mechanical strength of the LPM. The improvement in bending strength reached 60%, while in compressive strength it reached 25% and in splitting tensile strength it reached 35%. With the addition of TiO2, the bending strength of LPM increased by 15%, while the compressive strength increased by 12% and the splitting tensile strength increased by 7%. These ratios were higher with increasing fiber content. These results suggest that LPM, which provide environmental benefits with their photocatalytic properties and improved mechanical performance, can be more effectively used in industrial applications.