First Phase Research Articles

The use of non-traditional feed products in the diets of broiler chickens under the conditions of the south of Russia

The territory of the Republic of Adygea is very favorable for intensive grain production. However, in recent years, there has been a steady trend of increasing average annual air temperatures in this subject of the south of Russia, droughts are increasingly occurring. At the same time, the yield of grain crops is falling. For this reason, it is necessary to pay attention to the introduction of triticale, sorghum and rapeseed grains (presscake and meal) into feed production, which are more resistant to adverse climatic factors compared to traditional cereals (wheat, barley and corn) and oilseeds (soy, sunfl ower). The purpose of the research was to experimentally substantiate the use of non-traditional feed products in the diets of broiler chickens under the conditions of the South of Russia. Under the conditions of the arid zone of the south of Russia, the eff ectiveness of using non-traditional grain crops (drought-resistant triticale varieties) in the formulation of compound feeds for broiler chickens, the use of rapeseed meal in compound feeds containing triticale and the use of methods to increase the effi ciency of using complete compound feeds containing non-traditional components has been experimentally substantiated. It has been established that under the conditions of the arid climate of the south of Russia, without prejudice to the economic and biological indicators, broiler chickens with a twophase type of feeding should include triticale grain (in the fi rst phase at a dose of 10,0 %, in the second phase at a dose of 16,4 % by weight of compound feed) and rapeseed meal (in the fi rst phase at a dose of 14,0 %, in the second phase at a dose of 16,0 % by weight of compound feed) instead of a similar amount of traditional and more expensive soy and sunflower meal. This contributed to a reduction in costs per 1 kg of gain of 5,56 rubles and the increase in the profitability of poultry meat production by 3,70 abs.%.

Chickpeas in combination with feed additives in the diets of the replacement chickens and hens of the parental herd of the egg productivity

The purpose of the research was to analyze the use of chickpeas in combination with feed additives Di–lactocin-Ya and Baksin-KD in the diets of replacement young chickens and hens of the parent herd of egg productivity. Initially, a reconnaissance experiment was carried out to identify the optimal dosage of introducing a new feed additive Di-lactocin-Ya into the diets of the replacement chickens of the cross Hisex Brown. In order to do this from the livestock of chickens aged 15–17 weeks four groups were formed. The chickens of the experimental groups in addition to the main diet were fed with a new studing additive Di-lactocin-Ya in doses of 4, 5 and 6 g per 1 kg of feed. According to the results of the experiment, the optimal dosage of the feed additive Di-lactocin-Ya was established for the introduction of 5 g/kg of feed into the diets of breeding young and adult chickens. The main production experiment was carried out in two stages. The fi rst stage of the experiment was carried out on the replacement young chickens at the age of 14–17 weeks during puberty three groups of were formed for this purpose per 70 heads in each. The second stage of the experiment was carried out on adult breeding hens from the moment of transfer to an adult breeding herd to the passage of the fi rst phase of egg production in the period of 18–40 weeks. For this purpose, three groups were formed per 60 laying hens in each. The conditions of feeding and housing of experimental animals were typical, according to the requirements of the technology. The results obtained in the research give grounds to recommend the use in the industrial poultry egg breeding of diets based on local non-traditional ingredients, including chickpeas with the replacement of expensive soybean meal and the replacement of feed antibiotics with feed additives Di-lactocin-Ya and Baksin-KD.

MODEL FOR INCENTIVE REGULATION IN THE TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

The regulatory bodies in the European Union have developed many methods for economic regulation. In this article, the concept is developed for the introduction of a method for incentive regulation in the transmission of electrical energy in the Republic of Croatia, bearing in mind the overall circumstances. The Republic of Croatia is in the initial phase of introducing economic regulation in the transmission of electrical energy. Therefore, it is necessary to perform all the necessary preliminary work consistently, such as the separation of the activities within a vertically integrated enterprise, modeling of the electricity market, organizing the electricity market and the recognition of a regulatory body. In the fi rst phase, it will be necessary to begin the development and introduction of the basic and simplest incentive models for economic regulation. The article presents an algorithm for the introduction of a model for incentive regulation in the transmission of electrical energy. The analyzed algorithm is based upon the revenue cap method. The article also discusses the circumstances of introducing said method in the transmission of electrical energy in the Republic of Croatia.

Účinok ursodeoxycholovej kyseliny pri postcholecystektomickej cholestatickej hepatopatii verifi kovanej ultrasonografi cky

Summary: Cholestasis syndrome is accompanied by a large number of diverse liver and biliary tract diseases. Many cholestatic changes are fully reversible in the fi rst phase. However, with long-term cholestasis, extensive hepatocyte dysfunction occurs, the disease progresses, and many cholestatic syndromes result in irreversible liver damage and failure. Cholestatic liver diseases represent an important group of liver diseases that are an indication for liver transplantation. Postcholecystectomy syndrome is an imprecisely defi ned term, which includes a set of ongoing or recurrent or new diffi culties of patients after gallbladder surgery. We distinguish between early postcholecystectomy syndrome immediately in the postoperative period, or late postcholecystectomy syndrome, which occurs months or even years later. Ultrasonography is the fi rst imaging examination method for diseases of the liver and hepatobiliary system. It is a non-invasive method, available, relatively cheap, easily repeatable, and it does not represent a burden for the patient. Common bile duct dilatation after cholecystectomy is a common accidental fi nding that is inconclusive in the absence of clinical symptomatology and with normal laboratory fi ndings. Ursodeoxycholic acid forms the basis of cholestasis therapy, the only treatment whose effi cacy in cholestatic liver disease has been demonstrated in randomized and long-term studies. A further positive is that many years of ursodeoxycholic acid administration are not accompanied by more serious side eff ects. This case report supports the concept of a prompt and at the same time deepening benefi cial eff ect of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment in patients with cholestatic hepatopathy verified by ultrasonography indicated for conservative treatment or refusing invasive treatment. Key words: cholestasis – postcholecystectomy syndrome – ultrasonography – ursodeoxycholic acid

НЕСКОЛЬКО ЗАМЕЧАНИЙ О САМОМ ВАЖНОМ ЭЛЕМЕНТЕ МЕТРОЛОГИИ – ЧЕЛОВЕКЕ

The article deals with the description of a person as an element of metrology. Its functional responsibilities and specifi c actions are not taken into account. The metrologist is simply presented as a two-phase system, including two phases of the life cycle, the fi rst cycle of which is a phase of concentration – work for eff ect, and the second cycle – a phase of chaos, consisting in restoration of spent energy in order to continue the fi rst phase again. A formal model of a human metrologist is given. The optimal duration of inter-verifi cation period and average number of object’s repairs for one year are determined. With the help of real model, the average age of human-operator, in terms of maximum availability coeffi cient, with and without prophylactic periods is determined. In the formal and real models of man-operator the distribution of human life time is determined by the extreme in statistics Weibull distribution law. From the formal point of view “chaos environment” is characterized by a probability distribution function, opposite to the distribution function of “concentration environment” by P. Levy. A quantitative relationship between the stages is defi ned and a formal way of realizing this relationship is proposed. A simple example of calculation of initial concentration phase resource recovery is given.

Effects of salinomycin on proliferation and apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma

To investigate the effects of salinomycin on the proliferation and apoptosis of oral squamous carcinoma cells and to further understand the mechanisms of these effects. The human oral squamous carcinoma cell line CAL-27 was cultured in different concentrations of salinomycin and cisplatin. After co-culture with 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 μmol/L salinomycin or 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μmol/L cisplatin for 24 hours and 48 hours, the proliferation of oral squamous carcinoma cells were detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay. After being exposed to 0, 2, 4, 8 μmol/L salinomycin and 0, 5, 10, 20 μmol/L cisplatin for 48 hours, the cell cycle of oral squamous carcinoma cells was detected by flow cytometry assay, and Western blot analysis was performed to analyze the expressions of cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases-3(Caspase-3), cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases-9(Caspase-9), poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) protein in oral squamous carcinoma cells. Both salinomycin and cisplatin significantly inhibited the proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. However, compared with the first-line chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin, salinomycin showed stronger anti-proliferation activity in oral squamous carcinoma cells than cisp-latin (P < 0.001). After being exposed to 8 μmol/L salinomycin, CAL-27 cells exhibited markedly higher proportion in quiescent/ first gap phases (40.40%±1.99% vs. 64.46%±0.90%, P < 0.05), and had a significantly lower proportion in synthesis phases and second gap / mitosis phases (24.32%±2.30% vs. 18.73%±0.61%, P < 0.05; 35.01%±1.24% vs. 16.54%±1.31%, P < 0.05) compared with the dimethyl sulfoxide control group; moreover cisplatin didn't show cell-cycle specific effect on CAL-27. Western blot proved that salinomycin could up-regulate the expressions of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells (P < 0.05). At the same time, the levels of PARP, Akt and p-Akt protein were down-regulated (P < 0.05). Compared with cisplatin, salinomycin has a better inhibitory effect on the proliferation of oral squamous carcinoma cells and blocks the cell cycle process at the quiescent / first gap phase. At the same time, salinomycin could trigger apoptosis of oral squamous carcinoma cells and the mechanism is associated with the Akt/p-Akt signaling pathway.

Psychological evaluation by using the Hamilton depression and anxiety rating scales in coronary artery bypass grafting patients undergoing cardiovascular rehabilitation treatment

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of morbid-mortality, although better outcomes and lower mortality of age-adjusted coronary artery disease were registered since 1980s, especially in high-income populations, sustaining the cost effective of cardiac prevention methods. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the role of cardiac rehabilitation in improving psycho-emotional risk scores: the Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) and Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients, in less than one week after cardiovascular surgery and in 6 months follow-up after the engagement in the cardiac recovery program. Methods – During 01.05.2015 – 01.03.2017, CABG was performed in 100 patients, aged 40-80 years old, who followed rehabilitation in the Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic. The mean age of the patients under study was 65.70 ± 9.91 years old. Results – In the fi rst phase of the cardiovascular rehabilitation program, the mean values were: 16 points for HAM-D, and 25 points on HAM-A scale. By comparing the Phase I and Phase III results, the median HAM-D score improved more than 50%, and HAM-A about 36% (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion – The study highlighted the role of early rehabilitation after CABG surgery and the HAM-D and HAM-A scores improvement, emphasizing the importance of including psycho-emotional status assessment in the management of the patient who benefi ted from cardiac surgery. Apart from clinical data and the cardiovascular risk scores, the psycho-emotional risk stratification can provide important information regarding outcomes and prognosis.

Biodegradation of heavy oily sludge by a two-step inoculation composting process using synergistic effect of indigenous isolated bacteria

The impact of two-step inoculation of indigenous strains and their synergistic effect in the scaling-up of petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation from a mineral-based medium (MBM) to a two-phase composting process were investigated. After isolating the strains KA3 and KA4 from heavy oily sludge (HOS), their emulsification index (E24), bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon (BATH), and oil degradation efficiency were evaluated in the MBM. Then, they were inoculated twice into the composting bioreactors lasted for the primary 8 weeks as the first phase (FP) and subsequent 8 weeks as the second phase (SP). The results indicated that the consortium of the two strains degraded 16-61% of crude oil (1-5% concentration) in the MBM. In the composting reactors, removals of 20 g kg−1 initial concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were found to be 63.95, 61.00, and 89.35% for the strains KA3, KA4, and their consortium, respectively. The computed biodegradation constants indicated the synergistic effect of the two strains and the effectiveness of the second-step inoculation. The study demonstrated the successful scaling-up of HOS biodegradation from MBM to the two-phase composting process through two-step inoculation of the isolated strains.

Production meetings at the enterprises of the Soviet industry in the 1920s-30s in the studies of Soviet, Russian and foreign historians

The article analyses the results of the historical research activities of productive meetings at the enterprises of Soviet industry in the 1920s-30s. Analysis of the historiography has allowed the authors highlighting the trends and stages of work study meetings. In the fi rst phase in the second half of the 1920s, the research focuses on the forms and methods of organisation of workers' self-government and its role in the life of enterprises. Subsequently, in the 1930s, the production meetings are considered as an element of socialist competition. At the third stage, in the 1950s-70s, historians focused on the role of production meetings in the development of political consciousness of workers. In 1980s-90s, interest in the study of this topic is reduced. At the present stage, due to the intensifi cation of the study of history of the working movement, the topic of production meetings has again become topical. The authors identify the tasks of further study of the history of production meetings.

UNDERSTANDING THE WORLDVIEW OF ABANGAN PRACTICE: AN ASCETIC CASE IN PETILASAN EYANG SRIGATI AND BRAWIJAYA V AND TAPA KUNGKUM FROM BUMI PERTAPAAN ALAS KETONGGO, NGAWI, EAST JAVA

This project attempts to discover how the worldview of ascetic practice among the Abangans in “Bumi Pertapaan alas Ketonggo-Ngawi-East Java”. This research wants to prove that the worldview of some ascetics maintains that all of their practices in Ketonggo have strong correlation to several spirits, a kind of syncreticism and mysterious realm. The data in this research is collected through participant observation around 5 mounts in two sacral places of Ketonggo forest (Petilasan Brawijaya and Eyang Srigati and Tapa Kungkum in Tempur River). The fi rst phase of the project involves interviewing around 10 pilgrimages who practice the ritual, some native people and central fi gure of Ketonggo forest. This paper concludes that of the ascetic practices both in Petilasan Brawijaya V and Kungkum in Tempur River has strong understanding and correlation to some sacred powers and spirits in the Ketonggo forest.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Abangan, Ascetic, Kungkum, and Alas Ketonggo

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RARE-EARTH ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONS OF KOZBUDAKLAR W-SKARN DEPOSIT (BURSA, WESTERN ANATOLIA)

The Kozbudaklar W-skarn deposit occurs along the contact between Eocene Topuk granitoid and Triassic İnönü marble in Tavşanlı Zone. In the study area, the endoskarn is represented by plagioclase-pyroxene and exoskarn zone which is characterized by pyroxene, pyroxene-garnet, garnet and garnet-pyroxene skarn facies. According to major oxide element contents, exoskarn is of calcic character. In pyroxene and pyroxene-garnet skarn facies, tungsten and molybdenum abundances vary between 434-5507 ppm (mean 2330 ppm) and 8 - 90 ppm (mean 40 ppm). In the garnet and garnet-pyroxene skarns, concentrations of these elements are 271 - 7616 ppm (mean 2486 ppm) and 7 - 493 ppm (mean 107 ppm), respectively, and molybdenum concentration is increased. ƩREE contents of the Topuk granitoid, endoskarn, exoskarn and İnönü marble are in the range of 75.8 to 158.9 ppm (mean 106.2 ppm), 75.8 to 171.5 ppm (mean 114.6 ppm), 3.5 to 290.8 ppm (mean 48.7 ppm) and 2.3 to 15.3 ppm (mean 6.1 ppm), respectively. Although ƩREE concentrations of skarn zones are higher than those of Topuk granitoid and İnönü marble, ƩREE concentrations of tungsten-rich samples are signifi cantly depleted. In areas of scheelite mineralization, REE trends and Eu anomalies display two different patterns. REE trends, HREE enrichments and negative Eu anomalies of pyroxene and pyroxene-garnet skarn facies exhibit similarities with Topuk granitoid. In these skarn facies, tungsten-rich samples are represented by a Ce depletion and low Eu/Eu* (Eu/Eu* = 0.56-0.88). Garnet and garnet-pyroxene skarn facies are characteristic with a convex LRRE pattern, maximum Pr and Nd concentrations and positive Eu anomalies. Ce-enrichment and high Eu/Eu* ratios (Eu/Eu* = 1.45 - 4.18) are observed in tungsten-rich samples. Considering the molybdenum enrichments and REE pattern, scheelite mineralization in the Kozbudaklar W-skarn deposit can be said to have developed at two different high temperature phases. In the fi rst-phase mineralization was formed by early magmatic fl uids under moderate oxidant conditions whilst the second-phase scheelite mineralization was formed under increasing oxidant conditions.

МИХАЙЛО ГРУШЕВСЬКИЙ ПРО ПЕРЕДУМОВИ, ПРИЧИНИ ТА РУШІЙНІ СИЛИ «ХМЕЛЬНИЧЧИНИ»

In the study of the early modern history of Ukraine it is primarily analyzed the achievements of the authors of positivistic direction, which coincided chronologically with the development of national science. However, with the introduction of new methods of historical search, characteristics of works of the fi rst phase of scientific studies often turn into criticism. It is quite natural that along with development of scientific knowledge the evaluation of various events and phenomena is transformed, submitted in the form according to the level of methodological tools. However, the application of innovations does not always lead to new approaches towards of understanding the past. A striking example is the analysis of preconditions, reasons and driving forces behind the rebellion in 1648, highlighted in the work of Mikhailo Hrushevskiy “Istoriia Ukrainy-Rusy (History of Ukraine-Rus)”, volume 8. The scientist considers the growing role of the nobility, who managed to block the initiatives of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth king Vladislav IV, implementation of “Ordination of Zaporozhskyi Army” in 1638, colonization movement of Ukrainian population to the Left Bank and confessionalfactors as main prerequisites. The reasons of the nationwide uprising in Ukraine in 1648, which M.Hrushevskyi called “Khmelnychchyna”, he fi nds out on the basis such sources as “Eyewitness Chronicle (Litopys Samovydtsia)”, the works by Hryhoriy Hrabianka and Samiylo Velychko, on the opposite camp — statements of Polish nobleman Jan Kushevych, writers Vespasian Kohovskyi, Samuil Grondsky and Nathan Hannover. The main reasons are defined as social ethnic and religious issues. The scientist drew attention to the formation of a broad opposition of noble-magnate regime in Ukraine. Besides Cossacks, it included peasants, tradesmen, petty nobles, Orthodox clergy. Detailed analysis made by M.Hrushevskyi regarding preconditions, reasons and driving forces of “Khmelnychchyna” gives the ground to define its purpose and character, which contravene with existing historiographical definitions: “civil war”, “peasant war”, “Cossack war”, “Cossack revolution”, “national revolution” etc. It seems more appropriate to use the term “liberation war” as it covers all the aspects of ethnos struggle against social and national oppression.

Revisión del tratamiento y sobrevida del mesotelioma pleural maligno en el INER

El mesotelioma pleural aun se considera incurable, el tratamiento mejora los sintomas y prolonga la vida. El tiempo de sobrevida al diagnostico es de 4 a 16 meses segun el tipo de mesotelioma. Objetivo: Revisar el tratamiento y la sobrevida de los pacientes atendidos en el instituto. Material y metodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 90 expedientes de enero de 2006 a diciembre de 2009 con diagnostico de mesotelioma pleural maligno. Se reviso: sexo, edad, tipo histologico, condicion fisica, estadio de la enfermedad (UICC/AJCC), tratamiento con Cisplatino/Pemetrexed (C/P). Cisplatino/Vinorrelbina (C/V) y Cispatino/Epirrubicina (C/E), resultados (RECIST) y sobrevida global media (SGM). Resultados: Se encontraron 84 (93.3%) mesoteliomas epitelioides y 6 (6.6%) sarcomatosos o mixtos; 68 masculinos y 22 femeninos con ECOG de 1 en 50 (55.5%) y estadio III y IV en 53 (58.8%). En una primera fase del tratamiento todos recibieron 6 ciclos de quimioterapia (QT), obteniendose 41 (45.5%) de respuestas parciales, 25 (27.6%) con progresion y 24 (26.6%) fallecieron. En la segunda fase del tratamiento 46 pacientes recibieron una segunda linea de QT de 4 a 6 ciclos y en 20 pacientes tratamiento multimodal con QT, pleuroneumonectomia con linfadenectomia mediastinal y en 2 radioterapia. En este grupo un paciente se complico con empiema, 1 con fistula bronquial y otro con metastasis cerebral. La relacion QT/SGM muestra: C/P 15.1 meses, C/E 14.6 meses, C/V 14.3 meses. Los pacientes con tratamiento multimodal tuvieron una sobrevida mayor, uno contaba 40 meses al terminar la revision y otro con 48 meses aun continuaba con vida. Conclusiones: La QT con C/V o C/E, dan resultados semejantes a C/P, la terapia multimodal da una sobrevida mayor

The Outcomes of Elderly Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated in the United States

BackgroundImprovements in the prognosis for elderly multiple myeloma (MM) patients have been less pronounced than those of younger, autologous transplant-eligible patients. The latter do not typically receive low-dose, oral melphalan-based regimens, which are less potent, slower in onset of activity, and possibly more myelosuppressive than novel agents. Indeed, the FIRST phase 3 study comparing lenalidomide and dexamethasone (RD) to melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide (MPT) has already demonstrated a significant improvement in progression free survival (PFS) with a trend towards improved overall survival (OS), though longer follow up will be required.To date, there are very limited data for the outcomes of elderly MM patients with doublet regimens let alone triplet regimens in the United States, where drug availability is significantly different from other parts of the world. In this single-institution, retrospective study, we obtained data from a substantial cohort of elderly U.S. patients, most of whom received novel agent-based initial therapy, though with significant planned dose attenuations.MethodsThe inclusion criteria for this study were patients over the age of 70 at the time of diagnosis of symptomatic MM with at least one year of follow up. The patients were seen at St. Vincent’s Catholic Medical Center and subsequently Mount Sinai Hospital between 1998 and 2013. Of the 133 consecutive charts reviewed, 16 were eliminated due to incomplete records.ResultsOf the 117 patients who met the eligibility criteria, the median age was 75 years (range 70 – 95). There were significant baseline comorbidities including 36% cardiac, 20% renal (CrCl < 30 mL/min), and 5% pulmonary disease. Of the 79 patients with ISS information, 36% were stage III, and of the 68 patients with cytogenetics/FISH information, 9% were high-risk. The median follow up was 43 months (1 – 154 months), and the median number of lines of therapy was 2 (1-7).Excluding 4 patients who received corticosteroids alone, 95 patients out of 113 (84%) received non-melphalan doublet, triplet, or quadruplet initial therapy (see Table 1). For those treated with RD plus bortezomib (RVD), despite significant dose attenuations (78% received 1.3 mg/m2V SQ once weekly and 76% received < 15 mg R), the outcomes were particularly impressive with ORR, CR+VGPR, and PFS of 94%, 65%, and 36 months, respectively, and OS not reached. Despite the percentage of ISS Stage III and high-risk cytogenetics/FISH being balanced across the groups, PFS with RVD was significantly greater than that of all other regimens (p=0.030). When comparing RVD and RD patients, the PFS was superior for the RVD group (p=0.047).ConclusionsThis study is the largest to date that examines outcomes of elderly MM patients from the United States where the majority of subjects received non-melphalan-containing initial regimens. Similar to the FIRST study, our novel agent outcomes compare favorably to the average RR, CR, PFS, and OS of the 5 large studies on MP and MPT (39%, 2.6%, 15 and 30 months and 66%, 11%, 20.7 and 39.2 months, respectively). Dose-attenuated RVD was associated with the best outcomes of any induction therapy.Although the inherent limitations of a retrospective study preclude definitive causal attribution, particularly given a possible referral bias for patients seen at an academic referral center, the inclusion of all consecutive patients (including many with comorbidities that would not meet standard clinical trial eligibility criteria) provides important real world data. In particular, the median OS for all elderly U.S. MM patients in this study was 113 months (95% CI of 70.0 – 156.3 months). This is likely due to a combination of improved outcomes attained by using induction therapies used in younger patients as well as readily available salvage regimens.Abstract 5756. Table 1Response rates, PFS, and OS for all groups with 10 or more patients.TherapyNORR (%)VGPR+CR* (%)Median PFS (months)Median OS (months)Doublet42714818.584.9VD RD TD MP VC CP17 15 4 3 2 165 67 - - - -47 40 - - - -24.0 18.5 - - - -NR 66.7 - - - -Triplet / Quad.71855121.0NRRVD +maint. - maint. VCD VMP VCDT MPT VTD CTD34 21 13 13 11 5 4 2 294 - - 69 81 - - - -65 - - 31 45 - - - -36.0 NR 9.0 16.8 14.0 - - - -NR NR NR NR NR - - - -All patients**117784818.6113.0*CR unconfirmed**Includes 4 patients whose regimens were corticosteroid-only DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

フィリピン共和国，イロシン火砕流噴火の推移と特徴

フィリピン共和国，ルソン島南東端のソルソゴン地域での41 cal kBPの大規模火砕流噴火の結果，11 × 11 kmのイロシン（Irosin）カルデラが形成された。このときの噴火は，カルデラを形成する大規模噴火とその先駆的な噴火の2つに区分される。 先駆的噴火は，現在のカルデラ縁の南東斜面の小規模溶岩ドームであるマロバゴ（Malobago）溶岩ドームの形成と細粒火山灰の噴出からなる。ほかにも類似した溶岩の流出がカルデラ内にあったかもしれない。 地質学的短期間（およそ10年以内）の休止後，3つの噴火フェーズからなるカルデラ形成噴火がはじまった。最初の噴火フェーズは，現在のカルデラ内でおこったプリニー式噴火であり，バルク体積約 20 km3の軽石質テフラが北方に拡散した。プリニー式噴火の早い段階で噴煙柱の崩壊が繰り返し発生し，intra-plinian火砕流が薄い細粒火山灰と降下軽石層に挟在している。プリニー式フェーズの終わりごろにソルソゴン地域に強い地盤振動があり，プリニー式噴火による堆積物の上下面に撹乱構造を形成した。 イロシン火砕流の噴火は，グランドレーヤーを基底部に伴う下部ユニット火砕流の噴出ではじまった。そして，それに続く破局的な噴火によって上部ユニット火砕流が噴出し，現在のカルデラ地形を形成した。上部ユニットは，厚く粗粒な火砕流堆積物であり，基底部に粗粒な岩片濃集層（地点Dで厚さ約 2 m）が認められる。イロシン火砕流のバルク体積は，およそ 25 km3と見積もられる。 マヨン（Mayon）火山西麓のイナスカン（Inascan）スコリア丘の山頂部で，イロシン火砕流に伴う降下火山灰（co-ignimbrite ash-falls）が発見されている。ここでの火山灰層は，層厚約1mで細粒火山ガラスと少量の斑晶鉱物からなる。比較的粗粒の最下部層は，プリニー式降下軽石層の遠方相に対比される。これらの降下テフラも含めたイロシンカルデラから噴出した火砕物全体のバルク体積は，ほぼ 70 km3に達する。

“A Study on Magnum Equity Fund” At SBI Mutual Fund Tirupati

FIRST Phase (19964-87)-UTI all the way This phase begin with the inception of the Unit Trust of India (UTI). It remained the only mutual fund player in the country till 1987. UTI started its operations in July 1964 “with a view to encouraging savings and investment and participation in the income, profits and gains accruing the corporation from the acquisition, holding, management and disposal of securities”. In short, it was set up by the Indian Government with a view to augments small savings in the country and to channelize these savings to the capital markets. UTI witnessed a slow and steady growth over the 1970s and 1980s and by the end of 1988 it had an Asset under Management (AUM) of Rs.6, 700 crore. It still continues to be the largest player in the domestic mutual fund industry with an AUM of Rs. 23,500 crore as on March 31, 2005.

Development of hydroethanolic extract of Ipomoea pes-caprae using factorial design followed by antinociceptive and antiinfl ammatory evaluation

Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br., Convolvulaceae, is a medicinal plant that grows abundantly as a pan-tropical stand plant. The 32 (two factors and three levels) factorial design, was applied to determine the best time and drug/solvent proportion to maximize the fl avonoid content in the hydroethanolic extract by maceration process. The antinociceptive and anti-infl ammatory effects were studied at 5–20mg/ kg, i.p., using the writhing test and carrageenan-induced pleurisy models in mice. The optimized extract was able to inhibit more than 50% of abdominal writhing at 20mg/kg, with 55.88%±2.4 of maximum inhibition. Indomethacin, used as positive control, inhibited 64.86% at 10 mg/kg. In the pleurisy model, the extract produced dose-dependent inhibition of the fi rst phase of infl ammation (4 h) in the pleural cavity induced by injection of carrageenan (1%) in mice. It inhibited 50%±0.82 (p<0.01) of exudation induced by carrageenan, and 60.88%±0.14 (p<0.01) of leukocyte migration to the pleural cavity. In conclusion, the results validate the technological conditions of the maceration process to produce an optimized bioactive herb extract for the development of analgesic and anti-infl ammatory phytopharmaceuticals using 70 °GL ethanol, a plant to solvent ratio of 12.5% (w/v), and ten days of maceration.

Pozycja ustrojowa wojewodów i starostów jako przedstawicieli rządu w latach 1919-1928

The article presents an important aspect in the history of the evolution of legal status of voivode’s and starost’s as the off ices representing local government administration in the interwar period. Although they were responsible for the whole administration in the province, they had under their control only some branches of administration. At the begining neither voivodes in the voivodeships nor starosts in the counties did not have any legal impact on the off ices which were not placed under their supervision. This article presents how this situation was gradually changing equipping government representatives with the tools to enable them to infl uence on the independent local authorities. The fi nal turning point of publication is the moment of coming into force the presidental decree of 19 January 19 1928 concerning the organization and operation of general administration, which ended the fi rst phase of work on the construction of the administration system of the Republic of Poland in the interwar period. This publication has been prepared based on the sources of universally binding law and the the government acts. The analisys of legal issues was made using formal-dogmatic based on administration law literature, especially of the interwar period. Normal 0 21 false false false PL X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Standardowy; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman,serif;}

Some epidemiological features of the mediterranean spotted fever re-emerging in Bulgaria

The Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF), caused by Rickettsia conorii conorii strain Malish, is transmitted by the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. In Bulgaria, cases of MSF occurred in two epidemic waves, the first in 1948-1970, (after there were no report of new cases more than for 20 years) and the second started in 1993 and is still going on. The AIM of the study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of the re-emerging MSF in Plovdiv city and its suburbs, which is the largest endemic region in the country. The MSF patients treated between 1993 and 2011 were 1254. MSF was confirmed by immunofluorescent assay (IFA) in the Reference Rickettsioses Laboratory. Descriptive and analytic epidemiological methods were used to determine the routes and ways of infection, the epidemiological locus, seasonality, patients' age, gender and social structure, and the clinical severity of the cases. We established that MSF spread in the region in two distinct phases: from 1993 to 2003 during which the disease was increasingly spreading and the second phase taking place from 2004 till 2011 during which the disease was gradually decreasing. The incidence is between 0.13 and 25.62, mean 10.91 per 100 000 populations (11.88 and 9.56 per 100 000 populations for phases I and II, respectively); between 1.14% and 6.25% of the infected people died (mean 2.07%, 3.46% and 1.25% for phases I and II, respectively). The age distribution of patients shows predominance of 40-59-year-olds (31.66%), reaching a peak in patients older than 60 years (37.5%). Children and adolescents under 19 years are less affected (18.12%), while the least affected are the young adults between 20-39 (12.7%). Urban population is almost twice as affected as rural population regardless of the gender. The disease has summer seasonality, peaking in August. Eschar (tache noire) was found in 77.91% of the patients. Despite the decline and predominance of mild forms (43.12%), the re-emerging MSF still presents with lots of severe forms (11.45%) and malignant forms (8.54%), which makes almost one fifth of all patients to be at serious risk of getting ill with a severe disease with complications and possible fatal outcome. Almost two decades after it re-emerged in Bulgaria, MSF is still potentially active despite the decreasing incidence and mortality rate. During the phase of decline, the re-emerging MSF kept the basic epidemiologic characteristics it had in the first phase of rapid increase. The epidemiologic characteristics of MSF in the region are in support of its prevention and control.

Providing and Evaluating the Mobile Web Service Distribution Mechanisms Using Fuzzy Logic

providing adaptive resource intensive Web services from mobile hosts needs to be done in a ra ther light-weight manner to allow continuous service provisioning. Processing and communication will drain the battery rapidly; hence both should be kept at a minimum. This paper describes the outcomes of an investigatio n into offloading and migration mechanisms that facilitate provision of adaptive and distributed mobile Web services. The investigation goes through three phases. The fir st phase integrates these mechanisms with the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) and Representational State Transfer (REST) architectures producing extended mobile Web service frameworks. This phase is achieved by the implementation of a prototype that allows performance evaluation of both extended frameworks. The evaluation of the load and performance of the distributed service s is taking place using resource intensive applications. The results presented show that basing distributed mobi le- hosted services on REST is more suitable than using S OAP as underlying Web service infrastructure. The second phase relies on the outperforming REST-based framework to examine four distinct strategies for mobile Web ser vice distribution mechanisms. In the last phase, evaluat ion results of the second phase are interpreted as Fuzz y Logic rules. These rule sets are used to trigger and cont rol offloading schemes.