Prevention Of Fever Research Articles

Fitting the return period of dengue fever epidemic in Guangdong province of China

ObjectivesThe prevention and control of dengue fever (DF) has been a major public health issue in Guangdong (GD) province, China. This study aims to analyze the return period (RP) and the return level (RL) of DF epidemic in GD, to help the formulation of prevention and control plan. MethodsThree models, namely Lognormal distribution (Lognor D.), normal distribution (Norm D.), and generalized logistic distribution (GLD) were selected to fit the annual number of indigenous DF cases in GD from 1978 to 2021. The coefficient of determination (R2), the root mean squared error (RMSE), and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) were used to evaluate the goodness of fit. We predicted the RP of 45130 historical maximum cases that occurred in 2014 and the RP of 4884 peak cases that occurred in 2019 over the 5 years up to 2021. ResultsFitting through the three models, the R2 was 0.98, 0.98, and 0.96, respectively. The predicted RLs of the annual DF case number were between 297 and 43234, 297 and 43233, 362 and 41868 for the RPs of 2–45 years. The predicted RPs of DF outbreaks exceeding the historical maximum were 43, 43, and 44 years, and the RPs of DF epidemic exceeding the peak in 2019 were 7, 7, and 8 years, respectively. Therefore, we predicted that GD would experience a DF outbreak beyond the historical maximum in the next 35 or 36 years from 2022. And in the next 4 or 5 years from 2022, there would be a DF epidemic exceeding the peak in 2019. ConclusionsThe study discloses a temporal periodicity inherent to the DF epidemic in GD. The three models are applicable for forecasting and evaluating the RP and RL of DF epidemic in GD, separately.

Development of quantum dot-based immunochromatographic strip for detection of antibodies against ASFV pp62

ASFV is the only known double-stranded insect-borne DNA virus, which can rapidly infect domestic pigs and wild boars with ticks as transmission medium. Since it was first discovered in 1921, it quickly spread to all parts of the world and brought huge economic losses to the pig industry all over the world. At present, there is still no safe and effective vaccine for ASFV. Here, we developed a quantum-dot labeled antibody test strip for the detection of antibodies against ASFV pp62. The pp62 protein was labeled with quantum dots, and the antibody test strip was developed uses it in a detection mode of labeled antigen-SPA interceptor-monoclonal antibody quality control. The test strip showed high sensitivity, the positive detection limit of the strip was 1: 106 by continuous multiple dilution using the positive standard serum of ASFV antibody as reference. The test strip showed good specificity, and there was no cross reaction with other swine diseases virus (PCV2, PRRSV, CSFV, PPV). Using the detection results of commercialized kit for African swine fever virus as reference, 80 ASFV antibody negative serum and 4 different ASFV antibody positive serum were detected using the ASFV pp62 quantum-dot labeled antibody test strip. The results were consistent with the commercial kit. This study provides a new detection method for the prevention and control of African swine fever.

Preclinical Safety Assessment of the EBS-LASV Vaccine Candidate against Lassa Fever Virus.

There are currently no prophylactic vaccines licensed to protect against Lassa fever caused by Lassa virus (LASV) infection. The Emergent BioSolutions (EBS) vaccine candidate, EBS-LASV, is being developed for the prevention of Lassa fever. EBS-LASV is a live-attenuated recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (rVSV)-vectored vaccine encoding the surface glycoprotein complex (GPC) from LASV and has two attenuating vector modifications: a gene shuffle of the VSV N gene and a deletion of the VSV G gene. Preclinical studies were performed to evaluate EBS-LASV's neurovirulence potential following intracranial (IC) injection and to determine the biodistribution and vector replication following intramuscular (IM) inoculation in mice. In addition, the potential EBS-LASV toxicity was assessed using repeated-dose IM EBS-LASV administration to rabbits. All mice receiving the IC injection of EBS-LASV survived, while mice administered the unattenuated control vector did not. The vaccine was only detected in the muscle at the injection site, draining lymph nodes, and the spleen over the first week following IM EBS-LASV injection in mice, with no detectable plasma viremia. No toxicity was observed in rabbits receiving a three-dose regimen of EBS-LASV. These studies demonstrate that EBS-LASV is safe when administered to animals and supported a first-in-human dose-escalation, safety, and immunogenicity clinical study.

Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: updates in diagnosis and treatment.

To summarize the latest developments in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) prevention, (early) diagnosis, and treatment. The revised Jones criteria have demonstrated increased sensitivity and specificity for rheumatic fever diagnosis in high-risk populations. The management of rheumatic fever remains symptom-based, with no treatment options proven to alter the disease course or prevent chronic RHD. The revised World Heart Federation (WHF) guidelines for the echocardiographic diagnosis of RHD encourage task-shifting of RHD screening, extending reach in endemic regions. These guidelines also present an A-D classification of RHD and provide recommendations for the management of early disease. Integrated models for RHD screening within existing health structures are emerging and automated intelligence is showing potential to support RHD screening and diagnosis. Innovative strategies to foster adherence and equitable access to secondary prophylaxis, such as re-examination of the efficacy of oral penicillin, trials of longer acting penicillin formulations and implants are underway. There is renewed interest and investment in a well tolerated and effective GAS vaccine. We are living in a time of possibility with global acceleration to address the prevailing burden of RHD. Together, we can ensure that RHD does not once again fall off the global health agenda, until equitable elimination has been achieved.

Thoracolumbar spinal cord injury: management, techniques, timing.

Acute traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a complex and heterogeneous injury, where the level of injury, injury severity, duration and degree of spinal cord compression, and blood pressure management seem to influence neurologic outcome. Although data in the literature seem to be inconsistent regarding the effectiveness of surgical decompression and spinal fixation in patients with thoracic and thoracolumbar tSCI, some single-center studies suggest that early surgical decompression may lead to a superior neurologic outcome, especially in patients with incomplete tSCI, suggesting surgical decompression to be performed as soon as possible. However, high energy injuries, especially to the upper thoracic levels, may be too severe to be influenced by surgical decompression, which may represent a critical second hit for the polytraumatized patient. Therefore, the surgeon first needs to critically evaluate the potential for neurologic recovery in each patient before determining the ideal timing of surgery. Circulatory stabilization must be achieved before surgical intervention, and minimally invasive procedures should be preferred. Invasive blood pressure monitoring should be started on admission, and maintenance of a MAP between 85 and 90 mmHg is recommended for a duration of 5-7 days, with special attention to the prevention of hypoxia, fever, acidosis and deep venous thrombosis. The role of a 24-hour infusion of high-dose MPSS is still controversial, but it may be offered at the discretion of the treating surgeon to adult patients within 8h of acute tSCI as a treatment option, especially in the case of very early decompression or incomplete tSCI.

Immunogenicity, Safety and Efficacy of the Dengue Vaccine TAK-003: A Meta-Analysis.

The TAK-003 dengue vaccine was licensed in Europe in December 2022, and the official recommendations from most EU countries are still under formulation. To support policymakers, we performed a meta-analysis to quantify TAK-003's immunogenicity, efficacy and safety among seronegative and seropositive populations after the administration of one or two vaccine doses. We included trials retrieved from MEDLINE, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov. The outcomes were the rates of seroconversion, virologically confirmed dengue fever and serious adverse events after each vaccine dose. Data were combined using random-effect proportion or head-to-head meta-analyses. We retrieved a total of 19 datasets, including >20,000 participants. TAK-003 showed an excellent safety profile, and the immunogenicity after two doses against the four DENV serotypes was ≥90% among both adults and children/adolescents who were either seronegative or seropositive at baseline. A single dose was able to elicit a high immunogenic response among adults (≥70%) and children/adolescents (≥90%). The primary two-dose immunization course halved the risk of all types of virologically confirmed dengue fever among seropositive children/adolescents, but seronegative minors were only protected against the diseases caused by DENV-1 and DENV-2. Overall, the results support the use of TAK-003 for the prevention of dengue fever in the pediatric population of endemic countries. Uncertainties remain on the use of a single vaccine dose in non-endemic countries.

Expression of the labeled recombinant glycoprotein E2 of the classical swine fever virus in <i>E. Coli</i>

Currently, live attenuated vaccines are used in the Russian Federation for the specific prevention of classical swine fever (CSF), but this strategy contradicts the rules for importing animal products and carries the risks of recombination with field strains. These factors exacerbate the need for further development of candidate recombinant vaccines with similar efficacy and safety. The aim of the presented work was to construct a prokaryotic expression system of the marked glycoprotein E2 of the CSF virus and to evaluate its immunochemical properties. As a result of the conducted studies, a section of the primary amino acid sequence of glycoprotein E2 of a highly pathogenic Shimen strain (subgenotype 1.1) was identified using bioinformatic analysis and a hybrid polypeptide was designed, including a non-specific (marker) part from the modified V5 epitope and a fragment of the BSA sequence. By cloning a codon-optimized fragment into the pET-28a vector, the E. coli BL21(DE3) pLysS/pET-28a/E2-V5 producing strain was constructed. During the optimization of the cultivation conditions of the producer strain, it was found that the highest yield of the target protein is achieved within 5-6 hours after the induction of expression. The immunochemical properties of chromatographically purified recombinant rE2-V5 were determined: for example, it was shown that its activity in indirect enzyme immunoassay exceeds that of native E2. The data obtained indicate the effectiveness of the developed prokaryotic expression system, which consists in proper folding, good solubility and the ability of the target protein to form specific immunocomplexes. The presence of a marker fragment in the expressed hybrid polypeptide in the future will allow using the latter as the basis of a recombinant vaccine that meets the requirements of the DIVA strategy.

Pathogenesis, Symptoms and Diagnosis, and Prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Adults

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus, characterized by symptoms such as fever, muscle or joint pain, leukopenia, rash, lymphadenopathy, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhagic tendencies. In DHF, there is plasma leakage leading to fluid accumulation in body cavities, and in severe cases, it can progress to Dengue Shock Syndrome, characterized by shock. The illness is mainly spread by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, presenting a substantial worldwide health issue. The diagnosis of DHF requires the presence of several criteria: fever or recent history of acute fever lasting 2-7 days, often biphasic; at least one hemorrhagic manifestation such as positive tourniquet test, ecchymosis, mucosal bleeding, hematemesis, or thrombocytopenia; and evidence of plasma leakage. Young adults are particularly susceptible to dengue fever due to their frequent outdoor activities. In Padang City, West Sumatra Province, in 2020, the age group most affected by the disease was adults aged 15 to 44 years.

Assessment of Knowledge, Perception and Practice Toward Lassa Fever Prevention Among Residents of Akure South Local Government, Ondo State

Lassa fever is an extremely virulent and highly infectious disease endemic in West Africa, including Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices against Lassa fever among adult residents of Akure South Local Government in Ondo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was utilized, with data collected from adults in the LGA during a recent outbreak. The study involved systematic random sampling of approximately 300 adults, with data collected via pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaires. The study employed a multi-stage sampling technique and used a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution tables, simple percentages, and bar charts. The findings indicated that only 33.6% of respondents had good knowledge of Lassa fever, while 54.3% practiced good food and environmental hygiene. Most respondents were female, highly literate, and predominantly Yoruba. Despite high awareness, misconceptions about Lassa fever's origin and nature persisted, with many believing it was discovered in Congo or considering it a chronic disease. Effective prevention practices such as proper food storage were acknowledged, aligning with recommendations to avoid contact with Mastomys rodents and maintain cleanliness to prevent rodent infestations. The study concluded that there is a need for improved risk communication, ongoing sensitization, and specific educational campaigns to enhance understanding and preventive behaviors regarding Lassa fever. Further research is recommended to expand these findings across Ondo State and compare risk perceptions in affected and unaffected communities.

Prevention of Dengue Fever Based on Dominant Risk Factors within Elementary School Environment in Bandung City

Background: Dengue fever is an environment-based disease that is endemic in Bandung City. Bandung City with an average temperature of 25.86°C has a humid and cool climate which is a favorable environment for Aedes aegypti. The average amount of rain per day is 21.3 days per month with an average rainfall of 200.4 mm. These environmental conditions favor the breeding of Aedes aegypti. Objective: The study aimed to obtain the dominant variables in the 3M Plus PSN.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Method: The population in this study were all elementary school students in Bandung City. Through the Cluster Sampling calculation, 973 minimum samples from 13 elementary schools were obtained. With a minimum sample for each elementary school totaling 76 6th-grade students. Results: The results of the study showed that a Knowledge P-value of 0.023, Attitude P-value 0.036, Perception P-value of 0.000, and motivation P-value of 0.018 were associated with DHF Prevention through 3M Plus PSN. Exposure to information media on dengue prevention through the 3M Plus PSN is not associated with dengue prevention through the 3M Plus PSN. The variable that most influenced the prevention of Dengue Fever through the 3M Plus PSN was perception with a P-value of 0.000 CI of 2.118 (1.639-2.737). Conclusion: Knowledge, perception, attitude, and motivation are related to dengue fever prevention through 3M Plus PSN. Perception is the most dominant factor associated with the prevention of dengue fever through the 3M Plus PSN.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health care professionals regarding dengue fever: need for training and provision of diagnostic equipment in Togo in 2022, a cross-sectional study.

Health statistics on dengue are virtually non-existent, despite the fact that the virus is circulating in Togo. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of health professionals in the Kara health region. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2022 among healthcare professionals who had worked in the Kara region of northern Togo were selected using an exhaustive recruitment method. Data were collected by trained resident doctors with a face-to-face interview using a standardized, pretested questionnaire based on the WHO 2009 dengue guide. Three multivariate regression models were utilized to investigate factors associated with knowledge, attitudes and, and practices. A total of 464 respondents (37.1% female), median age 35 years, interquartile range (29-43 years) were included. Only (3.0%) of the participants had received training on dengue fever diagnosis, treatment and prevention in the last 3 years, and 10.3% had dengue rapid diagnostic tests available at their hospital. Half of the respondents (49.1%) had good knowledge of dengue fever, compared with 30.0% who had positive attitudes. Of a total of 256 professionals who had encountered a case of dengue fever in their practice, only 24 (9.4%) had appropriate practices for diagnosing and treating dengue fever. In multivariate analysis, the healthcare professionals who had taken part in ongoing training on dengue fever were more likely to have adequate dengue diagnosis and treatment practice aOR = 8.1; CI 95% = [1.7-36.0]. Strengthening healthcare professionals' dengue-related skills through ongoing training and the provision of dengue diagnostic tests could help improve early detection practices and management of dengue fever in Togo.

Household Waste Management Education for Dengue Fever Prevention in Murtigading Bantul

Household Waste Management Education for Dengue Fever Prevention in Murtigading Bantul

‘Seven Plus One’ a unique approach to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices for dengue prevention and control among frontline workers of a teaching institution in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand

ABSTRACT Background: Dengue which is an arboviral disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito, drastically affected communities worldwide. It has been showing consistently a rising trend in developing country like India. Study Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) related to the prevention and control of dengue fever (DF) among frontline staff members at a medical teaching institution in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at a medical teaching institution in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand. Out of 830 frontline workers only 208 workers were recruited in a study by the simple random selection method. A semi-structured interview questionnaire was applied to assess the KAPs of participants. Attitude was assessed by four-point Likert scaling. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23 for Windows. Results: A total of 208 participants were interviewed. Majority were male (70.2%) with the age group of 31 to 45 years (71.2%). Majority (50.5%) of participants were educated up to higher secondary and working as a security guard (78.8%). Most (72.6%) of the respondents said the rainy season was the most common outbreak season for dengue. Most (63.6%) of the participants were aware that dengue is transmitted by mosquitoes. The majority (49%) of participants strongly agreed that dengue is a fatal disease. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to prevent and control the epidemics of dengue by adoption of seven plus one model which contributes in reducing the overall burden in healthcare delivery system.

Increasing Public Awareness on the Prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever through the Utilization of Used Cooking Oil into Lavender Aromatherapy Candles in Krompaan Village

Increasing Public Awareness on the Prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever through the Utilization of Used Cooking Oil into Lavender Aromatherapy Candles in Krompaan Village

Survey of knowledge and practices of dengue fever prevention related to sociodemographic status: community-based study in Bandung, Indonesia

Dengue fever has become an endemic in the Bandung city and this disease poses a serious public health threat. This study aimed to examine sociodemographic factors, experience of dengue hemorrhagic fever and their relationship with knowledge and practice of prevention dengue fever among the Bandung City community. This research was considered as a cross-sectional and community-based study. Systematic random sampling was performed, where one participant in every third house that researchers passed by was chosen. Participants involved in this study had met the inclusion criteria, namely age (18 years), local residents, and able to understand the questions. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression. Multivariate test results showed high knowledge scores in participants aged over 40 years (OR=30.908, 95% CI 16.490-57.930, P=0.000), participants who had an educational degree (OR=4.028, 95% CI 2.226-7.288, P =0.000), worked as private employees and self-employed (OR=0.235, 95% CI 0.098-0.560, P=0.001 and OR= 0.262, 95% CI 0.107-0.638, P=0.003), had an income of more than IDR 4,000,000 (OR=2.275, 95% CI 1.318-3.928, P=0.003), and had experience of dengue hemorrhagic fever (OR=3.140, 95% CI 1.484-6.640, P=0.003). Meanwhile, dengue fever prevention practice scores were higher in participants aged 25-39 years (OR=18.163, 95% CI 16, 8.056-40.947, P=0.000), who had an educational degree (OR=6.217, 95% CI 3.793-10.191, P =0.000), worked as a housewife (OR=0.286, 95% CI 0.129-0.634, P=0.002), had experience of dengue hemorrhagic fever (OR=0.271, 95% CI 0.144-0.510, P=0.023), and had a high knowledge score (OR=4.037, 95% CI 2.201-7.406, P=0.000). Dengue fever prevention practices are closely related to knowledge scores; therefore, dengue fever prevention puts up the focus to increasing knowledge and effective education programs

Comparative epidemiological study of the spread of African swine fever in Ukraine and some Eastern European countries

African swine fever is one of the most serious threats to the world pig industry due to high infectivity and mortality rates among pigs. To date, no effective means of active prevention of the infection have been developed. The only effective method of control is passive monitoring of the spread of the pathogen among the population of domestic and wild pigs, detection of infected animals and their depopulation. The study analyzes the spread of African swine fever in Ukraine from 2012 to 2024 and compares it with the countries that share a common border – Poland, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and Moldova. In Ukraine, the first outbreaks were recorded in 2012 in Zaporizhzhia region among domestic pigs. In total, 619 outbreaks were detected during the study period: 482 among domestic pigs and 137 among wild pigs. The largest number of outbreaks was recorded in Odesa (64), Poltava (54), Mykolaiv (52) and Kyiv (46) regions. In Eastern European countries, African swine fever was detected later: in Poland – since 2014 (1304 among domestic and 17871 among wild pigs), Romania – since 2017 (6729 and 3649, respectively), Hungary and Slovakia – since 2018 (0 and 7875; 72 and 3645). In Moldova, the first outbreak was in 2020 (39 among domestic and 45 among wild pigs). The highest total number of outbreaks was recorded in Poland (19175), mainly among wild boars (93.2%). In Hungary, all detected cases involved wild animals. The analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the number of African swine fever outbreaks between the analyzed countries. There is also a difference in the number of outbreaks within the analyzed time period. If we analyze the number of cases since 2018, there is no statistically significant difference. Prevention and control of African swine fever are complicated by the circulation of the pathogen among wild boars, non-compliance with biosecurity measures by owners of small pig farms and the movement of infected animals. Comprehensive monitoring with early detection of outbreaks and timely destruction of infected animals plays a key role. Key words: pigs, African swine fever, spread, viruses, epizootic analysis, epizootic situation.

Assessment of the Allergenic Potential of Urban Woody Flora of Rostov-on-Don

Introduction. Plant pollen causes various allergic reactions in humans, including respiratory diseases, immune system disorders, bronchitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, and hay fever. These diseases affect up to 30% of the world's population. In large cities, trees and shrubs used in landscaping are significant sources of allergenic dust. Despite this, the greening of cities worldwide often occurs without considering the allergenic properties of plants. With the development of proteomics, it has become possible to assess the degree of allergenicity of proteins that make up plant pollen in detail. Based on this information, a scale of potential allergenicity for woody plants has been developed. The aim of this study is to assess the allergenic potential of woody plants in the urban flora of Rostov-on-Don.Materials and Methods. The object of the study was trees and shrubs used in the landscaping of Rostov-on-Don. The analysis of floristic data was based on the materials obtained during field work in 2023 on the territory of Rostov-on-Don. The author also used the lists of the city's dendroflora compiled between 2007 and 2022. The assessment of the potential allergenicity of woody plant species was conducted on a five-point scale, with 0 indicating plants that did not pose an allergic hazard, 1 indicating a low allergenicity level, 2 indicating a medium class, 3 indicating a high level, and 4 indicating a very high level of allergenicity.Results. In the flora of woody plants in Rostov-on-Don, 61 species of potentially allergenic plants were identified, posing varying levels of danger to human health. The share of all types of potentially allergenic woody plants was 30% of the total number of urban woody flora species in the city. The most powerful sources of allergenic pollen included nine species (Fraxinus Excelsior, Betula Pendula, B. Verrucosa, Platycladus Orientalis, etc.), which posed the greatest threat of hay fever and other allergic reactions. As a rule, these were typically wind-pollinated plants that produced maximum amounts of pollen. The list of potentially allergenic species included a significant number of adventitious species (24 species), which made it difficult to control their spread. A taxonomic analysis of potentially allergenic species was carried out at the order level, for which specific protein reactions were identified and detailed approaches to the prevention and treatment of hay fever were developed. The orders Pinales and Fagales form the bulk of allergenic pollen in the winter-spring period.Discussion and Conclusion. For the first time, studies were conducted on the allergenic activity of urban woody flora in the southern regions of Russia. An assessment of their allergenic potential allowed us to determine the level of threat of allergic reactions in humans. The greatest danger comes from both allergenic and invasive species that can spread actively and increase in numbers. Representatives of the Pinales and Fagales orders have proven to be significant sources of allergenic pollen, as they often have high ornamental qualities and play a prominent role in design projects. In some cases, it may be possible to replace these cultures with less allergenic alternatives, such as representatives of the Rosales order, to reduce the risk of allergic reactions.

Effectiveness of dengue free package on knowledge regarding prevention of dengue fever among the care takers of children admitted in pediatric ward at selected hospital, Tiruvannamalai

Background: Dengue is a vector borne viral infection that endangers an estimated 2.5 billion people. Disease caused by dengue ranges from a relatively minor febrile illness to a life-threatening condition characterized by extensive capillary leak. A greater understanding of dengue has the potential to improve both the clinical management of individual cases and the control of the disease. Objective: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of dengue free package on knowledge regarding prevention of dengue fever among the care takers of children. Methods: A true experimental study was conducted in Government Medical College and hospital, Tiruvannamalai . The pretest and posttest design was used. Out of 50 children, 25 were in the experimental group and 25 in the control group, by using simple random sampling technique. Dengue free package on knowledge regarding prevention of dengue fever among the care takers of children used to assess the level of knowledge on prevention of dengue fever. Results: The findings revealed that the level of knowledge on prevention of dengue fever in experimental group the mean score of(20±2.24) and the control group with the mean score of(8.86±2.23), and the calculated paired t value of t=28.19. Which is statistically significant at p<0.001 level. This study results clearly shows that there is significant improvement in the level of knowledge regarding prevention of dengue fever among the caretakers of children after providing dengue free package on knowledge regarding prevention of dengue fever among the care takers of children as scheduled in the hospital. Conclusion: The study findings conclude that there was a significant level of knowledge improvement when compared to that of control group.

POLA SEBARAN DAN ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease that causes death, known for > 200 years, and has become a health problem in the world, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. Deli Serdang Regency had the highest number of cases in North Sumatra Province in 2019 with 1,326 cases, in 2020 there were 974 cases, IR: 50.4. In 2021, the Regency/City ranked 14th out of 514 Regency/City in Indonesia for the highest number of dengue fever cases in 2021 with 803 cases, IR/morbidity rate: 34.63/100,000 population, CFR/death rate: 0.12%. It is possible to identify the location of the patient to the address of the individual's location, so as to obtain information regarding the distribution pattern of cases in each region using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and analysis of factors related to the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever.This type of research is analytical observation with a case control approach. The sample in this study was all people living permanently in the working area of ??the Tanjung Morawa Community Health Center, totaling 48 respondents, 24 cases and 24 controls. The sampling technique was carried out using Simple Random Sampling, data was analyzed using the Chi Square test. Based on the research results, it shows that the variables related to the incidence of dengue fever are knowledge (p-value = 0.00; OR = 0.06), attitude (p-value = 0.00; OR = 21), 3M PSN (Mosquito Nest Eradication) actions Plus (p-value=0.000; OR=17) and unrelated variables are occupation (p-value=0.029; OR=0.23) and age (p-value=0.081; OR=0.29). It is recommended that the community health center be better able to increase public understanding about the management and prevention of dengue fever.

Students of State Elementary School 2 Cintaratu Received Health Education on Dengue Fever Prevention (DHF) as an Indicator of a Clean Lifestyle (PHBS)

Students of State Elementary School 2 Cintaratu Received Health Education on Dengue Fever Prevention (DHF) as an Indicator of a Clean Lifestyle (PHBS)