Fetomaternal Outcome In Pregnancy Research Articles

Fetomaternal Outcome in Pregnancy with Gestational Thrombocytopenia

Introduction: Gestational thrombocytopenia, a common hematological disorder in pregnancy, poses risks to both maternal and neonatal health. This study aims to evaluate the fetomaternal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by gestational thrombocytopenia compared to those with normal platelet counts. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted over 12 months at Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical college hospital sylhet Bangladesh. It included 100 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150,000/µL after 20 weeks of gestation) and 100 matched controls with normal platelet counts. Maternal data included demographic information, obstetric and medical history, mode of delivery, incidence of pre-eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, and need for platelet transfusions. Fetal outcomes assessed were birth weight, Apgar scores, preterm birth rates, NICU admissions, and neonatal thrombocytopenia. Data were analyzed using t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables, with multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of adverse outcomes. Result: The gestational thrombocytopenia group showed higher, though not statistically significant, rates of cesarean delivery (30% vs. 25%, p=0.453), pre-eclampsia (15% vs. 12%, p=0.540), and postpartum hemorrhage (18% vs. 10%, p=0.110). Platelet transfusions were required more frequently in the gestational thrombocytopenia group (8% vs. 2%, p=0.052). Fetal outcomes revealed lower mean birth weight (2950g vs. 3050g, p=0.145), higher preterm birth rates (14% vs. 10%, p=0.371), and more NICU admissions (20% vs. 12%, p=0.132) in the gestational thrombocytopenia group. Notably, neonatal thrombocytopenia was significantly more prevalent in the gestational thrombocytopenia group (10% vs. 2%, p=0.017). Conclusion: Gestational thrombocytopenia is associated with increased risks of certain maternal and neonatal complications. Vigilant monitoring and management are essential to improve outcomes in affected pregnancies. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions and improve antenatal care practices.

Feto-Maternal Outcome in Pregnancy With Thrombocytopenia and Abnormal Platelet Indices.

Platelet count and its associated indices like mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) are cost-effective biomarkers that are easily accessible and have a potent role in the diagnosis and management of thrombocytopenia.Since anaemia and thrombocytopenia often go together in pregnancy, it is advisable to utilise these indices for feto-maternal benefit. The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at a tertiary care centre in New Delhi from July 2022 to December 2023 whereinpregnant womenof age 18-40 years, period of gestation >28 weeks with thrombocytopenia or abnormal platelet indices were enrolled. Women with pancytopenia, bone marrow suppression or past or current SARS-CoV-2 positive status were excluded. A total of 150 women were enrolled in the study. The mean age of study population was 25.33 ± 2.90 (range 19-34) years. Subjects were divided into three groups - Group A (mild thrombocytopenia) 24.6%, Group B (moderate thrombocytopenia) 64.6% andGroup C (severe thrombocytopenia) 10.6% based on thrombocytopenia severity. Analysing the risk factors, Group C was found to have a significantly higher number of patients with anaemia (p=<0.001), fever (p=0.031), abnormal liquor volumes (p=0.004) and need for blood and platelet transfusion (p=0.077). On correlation of thrombocytopenia with abnormal platelet indices, it was observed that manual platelet count (MPC) and MPV were indirectly correlated (p=0.027). PDW wasfound to be directly associated with severe thrombocytopenia and indirectly associated with moderate thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy is directly correlated to factors like maternal fever and anaemia, fetal growth restriction, abnormal liquor, blood products and platelet transfusions. It was also concluded that platelet indices like PDW and MPV play an important role in predicting the feto-maternal outcome and hence timely interventions can be done to improve the same.

Fetomaternal outcome of pregnancy with hemoglobinopathy

Fetomaternal outcome of pregnancy with hemoglobinopathy

Study of Feto-Maternal Outcome in Pregnancy with Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Background: Hypothyroidism has a great impact on pregnancy. But there is a controversy about the maternal and perinatal outcomes of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). This study was placed to know the significant effects. Methods and Materials: A descriptive longitudinal study was held in Z. H. Sikder Women’s Medical College &amp; Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 400 pregnant women were included in this study with purposive sampling. All antenatal patients from booking visit at 1st trimester to delivery were monitored by serum TSH and serum FT4 levels in each trimester and fetal outcomes were also monitored. 200 pregnant women were diagnosed as subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with random screening of initial thyroid function tests. Another 200 pregnant women were euthyroid. The study period was 3 years, from January 2020 to December 2022. To evaluate the thyroid status, maternal serum samples were collected in each trimester, total three times. Maternal outcomes, which we studied, were gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal anemia, antepartum hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage, placental abruption, preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), caesarean deliveries; perinatal outcomes were low birth weight (LBW), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), low Apgar score, stillbirth, congenital anomaly and NICU admission. Result: This study includes 400 pregnant women, among which 200 were euthyroid and 200 were with SCH. The mean age was 27.12 ± 0.05 years in pregnancy with euthyroid group and 26.31 ± 0.25 in pregnancy with SCH group. Among the pregnancy with euthyroid group, 141 women were nullipara and 59 women were nullipara. Among the pregnancy with SCH group, 87 women were nullipara and 113 women were nullipara. Serum TSH level was 4.44 ± 0.11 in 1st trimester, 4.74 ± 0.19 in 2nd trimester, 5.45 ± 0.17 in 3rd trimester. Serum free T4 level was 8.29 ± 0.13 in 1st trimester, 6.65 ± 0.15 in 2nd trimester, 6.67 ± 0.34 in 3rd trimester. In pregnancy with SCH group gestational hypertension, miscarriage, placental abruption and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) were significantly higher (p&lt;0.001). Antepartum hemorrhage (APH), preterm delivery and Caesarian deliveries were also higher in this group (p&lt;0.05). Among the neonatal outcomes, low birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) babies were more born in pregnancy with SCH group. Anti TPO antibody titer was significantly higher in pregnant women with SCH. Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is associated with increased risk of gestational hypertension, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), abruptio placentae and fetuses have more risk of IUGR and LBW. Therefore, routine maternal thyroid function test should be done to protect from adverse maternal and fetal outcome.

The Fetomaternal Outcome in Pregnancy beyond 40 Weeks of Gestation at a Tertiary Center

The Fetomaternal Outcome in Pregnancy beyond 40 Weeks of Gestation at a Tertiary Center

A study on obstetric and perinatal outcome in a pregnancy complicated with oligohydramnios

Oligohydramnios, defined as when the AFI is less than 5. Definition of increased or decreased amniotic fluid volume are based on sonographic criteria. Oligohydramnios complicates approximately 1 to 2% of pregnancies Amniotic fluid provides the cushion effect against the constricting confines of the gravid uterus. It creates space and helps in musculoskeletal development of foetus, helps in normal fetal lung development and prevents compression of umbilical cord, placenta and hence protects the foetus from vascular and nutritional compromises. Oligohydramnios is associated with high risk adverse perinatal outcome like fetal distress, meconium aspiration, low APGAR, joint contracture, pulmonary hypoplasia etc., and associated with maternal morbidity in the form of increased rates of induction and/or operative interference. This study is conducted to find out the effects of oligohydramnios in determining the obstetric and perinatal outcome.To study, 1) Primary outcome- Obstetric outcome in terms of mode of delivery, indication for operative interference. 2) Secondary outcome- Neonatal outcome in terms of birth weight, Apgar score, colour of liquor, admissions to NICU. This is a prospective observational study conducted on 80 patients presenting to Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at KIMS hospital, Bengaluru from January 2019 to June 2020 who were diagnosed with oligohydramnios with intact membranes with AFI&amp;#60;5cms using sonographic criteria. A total of 80 cases of Isolated Oligohydramnios were assessed. 38.7% cases delivered vaginally, 61.2% of cases underwent Cesarean section, 15% had meconium stained liquor, 15% had APGAR score of &amp;#60;7 at 1 minute, 42.5% had birth weight &amp;#60;2.5kgs and 37.5% of babies required NICU admissions. The present study was conducted to know the fetomaternal outcome in pregnancies with oligohydramnios. The study showed oligohydramnios was associated with higher rates of induction and Cesarean section and associated with Low birth weight babies.

Anemia Awareness, Causes, and Prevention among Pregnant Women at Asogbon Phc, Bariga, Lagos State, Nigeria

Anemia has been identified as a serious public health problem in both developed and developing countries, affecting around 2 billion people and accounting for threequarters of a million fatalities per year in Africa and Southeast Asia. Anemia in pregnancy is common, according to research from around the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of awareness, causes, and prevention of anemia in pregnancy among pregnant mothers attending Asogbon PHC Bariga in Lagos State, Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The respondents were given a questionnaire. One hundred and nine (109) questionnaires were distributed, collected, and analyzed by respondents. The study's data was examined and processed with the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) V21. To assess participant characteristics and offer responses to the study's research questions, descriptive analysis, frequency, average, and percentage were employed. The study discovered that knowledge about anemia signs, vulnerability, food, and prenatal visits was good, but information about causes and perceived effects of anemia was inadequate. According to the findings, the most common known cause of the condition is a poor diet, followed by malaria, worm infestations, and other factors. Despite widespread recognition that poor diet is the leading cause of anemia in pregnancy, there is little information about food sources that can assist in combating the disease. Also, less than half of those who profess knowledge of anemia-fighting foods eat them throughout pregnancy. The study found that the pregnant women were of reproductive age and had completed secondary and higher secondary school. The study revealed that while there was good awareness and prevention of anemia in pregnancy, To obtain a better feto-maternal outcome in pregnancy, there is a need to raise awareness about anemia in pregnancy and implement effective health education programs on anemia prevention.

Study of risk factor and feto-maternal outcome in pregnancy with jaundice

Jaundice is defined as yellowish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes due to increase in serum bilirubin levels. Jaundice is clinically visible when bilirubin level exceeds 3mg%, the normal level being 0.2-0.8%. Liver is one of the organs affected during pregnancy due to hormonal and metabolic changes. Metabolic, synthetic and excretory functions of the liver are affected by the increased levels of estrogen and progesterone levels in pregnancy. Aims And Objective: To study the etiology of jaundice and maternal outcomes in terms of termination, maternal complications and mortality and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy with jaundice. Materials and Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study including 150 patients of pregnancy with jaundice carried out over 3 years (2019-2022) in a tertiary care hospital of Berhampur, Odisha. Liver function test like serum bilirubin total, direct and indirect, serum protein, albumin and globulin, serum transaminases, alkaline phosphate, CT, BT, CBC, Coagulation profile and viral markers were studied. Results: Patient were between age group of 25-30 years from lower socioeconomic status with maximum being primigravida. Around 52% of patients presented at a gestational age &gt;38 wks. Around 68% of case had total bilirubin &lt; 5 mg%.100% of patients presented with yellowish discoloration of sclera or urine. 54% of patients presented with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia, 36% patients landed in PPH. 57.33% patients delivered vaginally. Conclusion: Jaundice in pregnancy has adverse feto-maternal outcome. It should be managed as a team of Obstetrician in collaboration with Physician, Gastroenterologist, Anesthetist and Neonatologist. Improvement in health education, regular ANC, and early referrals result in early diagnosis and treatment of jaundice during pregnancy and reducing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.

Fetomaternal outcome in pregnancies with abnormal liquor volume – a prospective observational study

Fetomaternal outcome in pregnancies with abnormal liquor volume – a prospective observational study

A study of abnormal liver function in pregnancy and its correlation with fetomaternal outcome in a teaching hospital of Kolkata in Eastern India

Background: Liver is a vital organ to maintain physiology of the body and supports every organ of the body. Its proper functioning during pregnancy is essential for a good maternal and fetal outcome. The study analyzes the causes and fetomaternal outcome in pregnancies and suggests measures to reduce morbidity and mortality. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to analyze the maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy complicated with abnormal liver function test. Materials and Methods: This was hospital-based observational prospective study conducted at NRS Medical College and Hospital from March 2020 to August 2021. Total 144 pregnant women with abnormal liver function were included in the study. Template was generated and analysis was done on SPSS software. Results: Among 144 pregnant women 44.4% patients were 21–25 years of age. About 79.2% patients had &lt;2 serum bilirubin, 13.9% patients had 2–5 serum bilirubin, 2.8% patients had abruption, 11.8% patients had convulsion, and 9.3% patients had fetal bradycardia. About 13.9% patients had acute kidney injury, 22.2% patients had BT, 9.7% patients had hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets, 15.3% patients had postpartum hemorrhage, and 3.8% patients had maternal death. In our study, 34.7% patients had pre-eclampsia and 11.8% patients had eclampsia. Conclusion: Abnormal liver function during pregnancy is associated with adverse events for both the mother and the fetus. Regular antenatal check-up, screening, and diagnosing liver disorder can save the lives of many mothers and fetus.

Prospective study of Feto maternal outcome in pregnancies with reproductive tract anomalies

Introduction: Congenital uterine anomalies are common but their effect on reproductive outcome is unclear. Congenital uterine anomalies result from abnormal formation, fusion or resorption of mullerian ducts during fetal life. The overall frequency of uterine or mullerian anomalies is 4%. In general fertile population the frequency of mullerian anomalies is 5%, in infertile population 3%. Recurrent miscarriages occur in 5-10% of cases. Materials and methods:A hospital based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among the pregnant women with uncorrected reproductive tract anomalies in the Shaheed NirmalMahto Medical College, Dhanbad, Jharkhand. All the pregnant women with uncorrected uterine anomalies, diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound and/or hysterosalpingography admitted through emergency or OPD basis. The study was conducted for a period of two years from September 2018 to August 2020. Results: A total of 31 pregnant women with uterine anomalies were included in the study. Bicornuate uterus was the most common uterine anomaly (45.2%) followed by arcuate uterus (19.3%). Cesarean section was conducted in 72.6% of the pregnant women and its major indication was fetal malpresentation (breech). Maternal complications were present in 55% of the pregnancies and fetal complications in 52% of the newborns.

A Prospective Clinical Study of FETO-Maternal Outcome in Pregnancies with Abnormal Amniotic Fluid Index

Background: We report a clinical study of fetomaternal outcome in pregnancies with abnormal liquor volume managed at a tertiary care hospital&#x0D; Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, S.P Medical College, Bikaner&#x0D; Results- In. In oligohydramnios group 90.8%babies were healthy while8.4%were died in NICU and0.8% were still birth while in polyhydramnios group 76% babies were healthy while 4% were died in NICU and20%babies were still birth. Still birth rate in very high in polyhydramnios group. This difference was found statistically highly significant (p&lt;0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Development of abnormal liquor volume during pregnancy signals danger to the foetus. It is associated with an increased incidence of caesarean section, labour complications and adverse perinatal outcome. But isolated oligo and polyhydramnios in term gestation has better perinatal outcome compared to early onset and with associated conditions like hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, GDM, IUGR. Ultrasound is the ideal method to detect any abnormality in liquor volume. If any abnormality is detected during the ultrasound, a careful search should be made to detect any identifiable congenital anomalies.&#x0D; Keywords: Oligohydramnios, Polyhydramnios, Fetomaternal

Fetomaternal Outcome of Pregnancy with COVID-19: An Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan

Background: In December 2019, the new corona virus initially appeared in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to other nations around the world. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization believes that the new CoV-19 outbreak will be declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization. The mortality rate of this viral infection varies widely around the world, from 2% in Pakistan to 14.4% in Italy. In the early stages of the disease, lympopenia, raised transminase, proteinuria, increased LDH, and C-reactive protein levels are all common laboratory results. Patients treated with Covid have had severe pneumonia, ARDS, heart defects, sepsis and septic shock, and respiratory tract super infection, among other problems. Methodology: The Gynecology unit of the Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals conducted this retrospective observational research study. Biochemical and radiological parameters of medical history, test findings, symptoms, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes were noted in a pre-constructed data collection form. The study excluded patients who was treated in an outpatient setting. Results: There were a total of 121 patients, with a mean age of 27 and a standard deviation of 5, with a range of 19-40 years. Pregnant women reported their first pregnancy in 48.3% of cases (primigravida). 51.3 percent of SARS-Cov-2 patients were in their third trimester, whereas 34.7 percent were between 35 and 40 weeks of pregnancy. Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (16 instances), hypothyroidism (14 cases), and gestational diabetes (GDM) (9 cases) are the most common problems. More than half of the patients (53%) are asymptomatic. Cough (22 percent) and fever (11 percent) are the most common symptoms (11 percent ). As seen in table 1, the incidence of multiple organ failure was 2%. Lympopenia was a prevalent ailment (84 percent ). Bilateral invasion was discovered in a CT scan of 24 subjects. Conclusion: According to our findings, COVID-19 has a deleterious impact on the foetus. Although pregnant women do not appear to be more susceptible to COVID-19 complications than non-pregnant adults, previous research has suggested that pregnant women may be more at risk for negative pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, foetal pain and respiration, symptoms, and LBW in a newborn baby. Keywords: Corona virus, COVID-19, pregnancy, outcome.

Hydration Therapy to Improve Amniotic Fluid Index and its Association with Improved Obstetric Outcome in a Teaching Hospital of Eastern India

Introduction: Oligohydramnios is associated with fetal complications and a higher incidence of maternal operative morbidity. A study was planned to determine the effect of hydration therapy in the correction of oligohydramnios in pregnancy and to assess if improvement in amniotic fluid index (AFI) is associated with better obstetric outcomes. Materials and Methods: Analytical study with a prospective design, conducted over 1 year from July 2020 to December 2021. Pregnant women in their third trimester with singleton pregnancy and intact membranes, diagnosed to have oligohydramnios were the participants. All women undertook oral rehydration therapy. The proportion of women achieving posthydration cutoff values of AFI and single deepest vertical pocket, was recorded by abdominal ultrasound examination at 24, 48, and 72 h. Adequacy of hydration was assessed by urinary specific gravity, before and after hydration therapy. Results: There were 120 participants. The mean age of the participants was 25.6 years (standard deviation = 5.7). Majority were multigravida. About 60%–80% of women improved with hydration therapy and the proportion of women showing improvement increased with time. Women with uncorrected AFI (&lt;5 cm) at 24 and 48 h had significantly higher odds of preterm delivery, cesarean delivery, low-birth-weight baby, baby having 5 min Apgar score &lt; 6, higher likelihood of Sick Newborn Care Unit admission and neonatal death. Conclusion: Maternal hydration therapy can be of value to improve the fetomaternal outcome in pregnancies with oligohydramnios by preventing preterm termination and reducing cesarean deliveries with good neonatal outcomes. Such simple intervention can be home based and assures universal health coverage.

Fetomaternal outcome in pregnancy with thrombocytopenia: A prospective study from one of the teaching health-care institutes of Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Background: During pregnancy, hemodilution of plasma volume leads to reduction in platelets count by approximately 6–7% during 3rd trimester. Pregnant women with thrombocytopenia have higher risk of bleeding excessively during pregnancy, labor, and puerperium. The present study focuses on fetomaternal outcome among pregnant women having thrombocytopenia. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to study the incidence of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy, to identify various factors responsible for thrombocytopenia in pregnancy, and to evaluate fetomaternal outcome in patients with thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at tertiary care center of Ahmedabad. A total of 96 cases of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy were included in the study. Fetomaternal outcome was assessed among the study participants. Results: The incidence of thrombocytopenia in the present study was 0.77%. Obstetric causes (53.12%) accounted for most common cause of thrombocytopenia, followed by gestational thrombocytopenia (27.08%), dengue (10.41%), malaria (4.16%), and immune thrombocytopenia (4.16%). Postpartum hemorrhage (15.62%), eclampsia (14.58%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (11.45%), and abruption (8.33%) were the most common maternal complications. The most common neonatal complication was prematurity (67.7%) followed by intrauterine growth retardation (23.95%) and birth asphyxia (9.3%). Conclusion: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome are found to be the most common cause of thrombocytopenia followed by gestational thrombocytopenia and infectious causes. The present study widened the spectrum of the causes for thrombocytopenia in pregnant women. Gestational thrombocytopenia is associated with mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia and hardly having any complications.

English

BACKGROUND Jaundice in pregnancy contributes to a significant proportion of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in our country. Overall incidence in India is 1 - 4 per 1000 deliveries. There are increased risks of preterm labour, low birth weight babies, meconium-stained liquor, intrauterine fetal death and postpartum haemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to assess the fetomaternal outcome in pregnancy with jaundice in a tertiary level hospital. METHODS This was a two-year retrospective observational study conducted by reviewing the records of jaundice in pregnancy from April 2018 to March 2020. RESULTS Viral hepatitis comes out as the most common cause accounting for 70.37 % of the cases, whereas intrahepatic cholestasis with an incidence of 20. 37 % comes out as the second aetiology. Post-partum haemorrhage is depicted as the major maternal complication whereas prematurity and birth asphyxia come out as the major perinatal complications. CONCLUSIONS The present study projects viral hepatitis (Hepatitis A and E) as the major cause of jaundice in pregnancy. Although low maternal mortality has been recorded in the present study, a high perinatal mortality due to low birth weight and birth asphyxia remains to be a matter of major concern. KEY WORDS Jaundice in Pregnancy, Viral Hepatitis, Postpartum Haemorrhage, Prematurity, Birth Asphyxia

Fetomaternal Outcome in Pregnancy with COVID-19

Fetomaternal Outcome in Pregnancy with COVID-19

Fetomaternal Outcome of Pregnancy with COVID-19: An Observational Study in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Pakistan

Background: The new corona virus first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since spread around the world to other countries. The World Health Organization believes that this new CoV-19 epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020Worldwide.The mortality rate of this viral infection ranges from 2% in Pakistan to 14.4% in Italy. Lympopenia, elevated transminase, proteinuria, increased LDH, and C-reactive protein levels are all common laboratory findings in the early stages of the disease. Covid patients have experienced a variety of complications, including extreme pneumonia, ARDS, heart defects, sepsis and septic shock, and respiratory tract super infection. Methodology: This retrospective observational research study was carried out at the Gynecology Unit of MardanMedical Complex, Mardan and Combined Military Hospital, Risalpur for 06 months duration from April 2020 to September 2020. In a pre-constructed data collection form, biochemical and radiological parameters of medical history, test results, symptoms, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes were noted. Patients treated in an outpatient setting were not included in the study. Results: There were 121 patients in total, with mean age of 27 having standard deviation ± 5, having range 19-40 years. 48.3% pregnant women reported their first pregnancy(primigravida). 51.3% of SARS-Cov-2 were in their 3rd trimester while 34.7% were in their 35-40 weeks of gestational age. Common complications are gestational hypertension (PIH) (16 cases), hypothyroidism (14 cases) and gestational diabetes (GDM) 9 cases. More than half (53%) of patients are asymptomatic. Common symptoms are cough (22%) and fever (11%). The incidence of multiple organ failure was 2% as shown in table 01. Lymphopenia was common (84%). A CT scan of 24 patients showed bilateral invasion. Conclusion: COVID-19 has a negative impact on the foetus, according to our results. Although pregnant women do not seem to be more vulnerable to COVID-19 complications than non-pregnant adults, previous research has suggested that pregnant women could be at higher risk for negative pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, foetal pain and respiration, symptoms, and LBW in a newborn baby. Keywords: Corona virus, COVID-19, Pregnancy, Outcome.

Fetomaternal Outcome of Pregnancy with COVID-19: An Observational Study in A Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

Introduction: Corona virus is a new pathogen of high contagious abilities. Pregnant women are at an increased risk due to physiologic changes in their immune, cardiopulmonary and coagulation systems. This study was designed to evaluate the fetomaternal outcome of the pregnant patients with COVID-19.&#x0D; Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in CMH Dhaka from May 2020 to July 2020. Total 81 hospitalized pregnant patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. Relevant data were recorded in a preformed data collection sheet and analyzed by SPSS version 20.&#x0D; Results: Total patients were 81 with a mean age of 27 years; 49.1% were in third trimester, 83% were in 35-40 weeks of gestation and 48% were asymptomatic. Common symptom severe cough (26%) and fever(14%); 7.4% patients had multiorgan failure, 81% hadlymphopenia, 7.4% patients under went chest CT and had in filtrates in both lungs. Mild to moderate disease was common and 7.4 % had severe disease, 3.7% needed mechanical ventilation. There was a single maternal death. Most (92.6%) patients were treated in Corona ward and 7.4% in Corona HDU and ICU. There were 3 spontaneous abortions; 64.2% delivered during the study period, 80.8% underwent a Caesarean section, 2.4% had hysterotomy, 15.1% underwent normal vaginal delivery (NVD), 15.4% patients underwent premature termination of pregnancy. Ongoing pregnancy was 26 (32.1%).Four neonates were found COVID-positive. There was 47 livebirths, 3 intrauterine deaths (IUD) and 2 neonatal deaths. Their hospital stay was 13.1 days (SD±6.37).Mean interval of breastfeeding was 13.3 days (SD±6.44).&#x0D; Conclusion: From the study findings, it can be concluded that, COVID-19 had adverse fetomaternal outcomes. COVID-19 pandemic has exerted immense stress on health care system. With this study we can further modify our treatment strategy and reduce the load on our health system.&#x0D; J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(2): 100-105

Feto-maternal Outcome in Pregnancies Complicated by Hypertensive Disorder: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Care Centre of Eastern Nepal

Introduction: Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy is one of the major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.&#x0D; Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the associated maternal and fetal outcome and complications in pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders at a tertiary care hospital in eastern Nepal.&#x0D; Methodology: This retrospective cross section observational study included purposely-selected one hundred thirty four pregnant women from April 2019 to April 2020 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Tankisinuwari, Morang, Nepal. Maternal age, gravidity, period of gestation at presentation, associated maternal comorbidities/ risk factors, mode of delivery, indication for surgery, maternal outcome and complications, fetal outcome was recorded and data was analysed using SPSS version 23 software.&#x0D; Result: Out of the 134 study population,35.8% of the mothers with hypertensive disorders were noted in the age group between 25-29 years and almost two third of the patients were multigravida. 55.2% patients had mild, while 44.8% had severe hypertension. About 83.6% of the hypertensive pregnant mothers delivered preterm between 33 to 36 weeks of gestation. 61.9% mothers underwent cesarean section with the most common indication being non-reassuring fatal heart rate pattern, while 34.3% women delivered vaginally. 86 out of 134 cases did not develop any complications while, postpartum haemorrhage was the most frequently encountered complication seen in 17.9% cases followed by eclampsia encountered in 13.4% patients. The mortality encountered was 0.7%. Neonatal complications were found in 50% cases, 15.7% neonates had low APGAR score and 8.2% had meconium aspiration, while 4.5% intrauterine deaths and 3% neonatal deaths were observed.&#x0D; Conclusion: There is adverse impact of hypertension during pregnancy over maternal and perinatal outcome. Hence, early identification and prompt referral to the well-equipped center is necessary to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality.