FeTiO3 Nanoparticles Research Articles

The effect of carbon addition on the synthesis process and the physical/electrocatalytic properties of FeTiO3 nanopowder produced by solution combustion synthesis method

The FeTiO3 nanopowder is a vital engineering material known for its exceptional performance in energy generation, storage, electrochemical sensors, and catalysis. However, synthesizing FeTiO3 nanopowder with high crystallinity and phase purity typically requires specialized equipment and controlled heat treatment due to the instability of Fe2+ ions. Using the one-step solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method, FeTiO3 nanopowder withe high crystallinity were successfully produced utilizing basic equipment. Additionally, the influence of carbon additives on phase transitions, as well as the physical and physicochemical properties of the synthesized powder, was examined. XRD results indicate that increasing the amount of fuel, particularly glycine, creates a stable environment for the crystallization of FeTiO3 nanoparticles. Moreover, enhancing the carbon content in precursor solutions with urea enhances reduction conditions and boosts the stability of FeTiO3 in the final product. The presence of carbon additives in glycine-fuel samples leads to unfavorable outcomes by increasing the levels of TiO2 and Fe3O4 undesirable phases. Incorporating additive carbon into the urea-synthesized precursor solution resulted in a particle size increase exceeding 50 nm and raised the combustion temperature by a minimum of 230 °C. Furthermore, the presence of 15 wt% additive carbon in the sample synthesized with glycine improved the specific surface area of particles from 2.44 m2/g to 18.41 m2/g. Obtained results have shown that achieving high crystallinity of FeTiO3 nanopowder is feasible through a one-step solution combustion synthesis process. This can be accomplished by carefully choosing the synthesis conditions, such as the type and quantity of fuel, along with the carbon additive.

Ilmenite-Grafted Graphene Oxide as an Antimicrobial Coating for Fruit Peels.

Postharvest loss is a significant global challenge that needs to be urgently addressed to sustain food systems. This study describes a simple microwave-assisted green synthesis method in developing a nanohybrid material combining natural ilmenite (FeTiO3) and graphene oxide (GO) as a promising antimicrobial fruit peel coating to reduce postharvest loss. The natural ilmenite was calcined in an inert environment and was mixed with GO in a microwave reactor to obtain the nanohybrid. The nanohybrid was then incorporated into an alginate biopolymer to form the fruit coating. Microscopic images revealed successful grafting of FeTiO3 nanoparticles onto the GO sheets. Spectroscopic measurements of Raman, X-ray photoemission, and infrared provided insights into the interactions between the two matrices. The optical band gap calculated from Tauc's relation using UV-vis data showed a significant reduction in the band gap of the hybrid compared to that of natural ilmenite. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using Escherichia coli, which showed a substantial decrease in colony counts. Bananas coated with the nanohybrid showed a doubling in the shelf life compared with uncoated fruits. Consistent with this, the electronic nose (E-nose) measurements and freshness indicator tests revealed less deterioration of the physicochemical properties of the coated bananas. Overall, the results show promising applications for the ilmenite-grafted GO nanohybrid as a food coating capable of minimizing food spoilage due to microbial activity.

Efficient removal of aromatic pollutants via catalytic wet peroxide oxidation over synthetic anisotropic ilmenite/carbon nanocomposites

As one of the most common ferrous (Fe2+)-containing oxide minerals in the Earth’s crust, ilmenite (FeTiO3) is a potential low-cost heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for organic wastewater treatment via catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO). However, it suffers from low activity and long induction time. Herein anisotropic FeTiO3/C nanocomposite with rich Fe2+ ions on large surface area of 159.0 m2 g−1 (surface Fe/Ti and Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios were respectively 2.1 and 2.0) was prepared via cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA+)-assisted sol-gel synthesis. CTA+ modulated the growth of FeTiO3 nanoparticles with more exposed metallic sites by preferential adsorption on its (104) plane via electrostatic attraction, provided the carbon source and facilitated the generation of more Fe2+ ions at the interface of FeTiO3/C via carbothermal reduction of FeTiO3. FeTiO3/C efficiently catalyzed CWPO removal of six aromatic pollutants with different charges (25 mg L−1 each) at 25 oC and pH 3.0 without an induction period owing to rich Fe2+ content on neutral surface (pHpzc ~3.3)—three dye solutions completely decolorized in 1 h and three antibiotics degraded by >90% in 3 h. Reusability of FeTiO3/C was demonstrated with cationic rhodamine B and anionic orange G dyes in five consecutive runs. Scavenging tests and spin-trapping EPR spectra confirmed the generation of dominant ·OH and minor O2•− species for organic degradation via catalytic decomposition of H2O2 on FeTiO3/C as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst.

Construction of 3D flower-like FeTiO3/MoS2 heterostructure photocatalyst for degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride

Materialsof two-dimensional structure have been extensively studied for their prospect in the field of photocatalysis research. In this research, an innovative composite of 3D flower-like MoS2 coated with FeTiO3 nanoparticles was designed and prepared to solve the problems of water environmental pollution using a simple sol-gel method and hydrothermal method. Surface morphology and microstructure were investigated, which indicates that MoS2/FeTiO3 heterojunction structure was fabricated successfully, compared with the pristine materials, enabled increased Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, the strengthen of light utilization and more efficient separation efficiency of photoexcited charge in the interfacial electric field. Correspondingly, the MoS2/FeTiO3 photocatalyst exhibits the excellent visible-light-responsive photocatalytic activity for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), which was 0.02121 min−1 by MoS2/FeTiO3 photocatalyst with the optimized condition. The scavenger tests of reactive oxidation species scavenger (ROSs) demonstrate that the enhanced degradation activity of TCH is ascribed to the existence of the photoexcited hole (h+), superoxide radicals (∙O2−) and hydroxyl radicals (∙OH). The results of ROSs and Mott-Schottky (M-S) indicate that band bending is formed for MoS2/FeTiO3 composites with the orientation of the interface electric field form FeTiO3 to MoS2 due to the fact that the Fermi level of FeTiO3 is higher than that of MoS2, resulting in the transfer of photoexcited electron from MoS2 to conduction band (CB) of FeTiO3, and the photoexcited holes from FeTiO3 to valence band (VB) of MoS2. And the charge transfer process of Ⅱ-type heterostructure is proposed according to the energy band structure of MoS2 and FeTiO3, as well as the results of experiments. Therefore, we believe that our well-designed MoS2/FeTiO3 heterostructure effectively contributes to the progress of photocatalytic degradation and the treatment of water pollution.

Synthesis of FeTiO3/TiO2 composites by a cross-linking method for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol and dyes

The development of novel photocatalysts with high photocatalytic ability is important in the field of photocatalytic degradation and transformation. In this work, we combined ilmenite phase FeTiO3 and TiO2 nanoparticles (P25) through a cross-linking method to produce novel hexagonal FeTiO3/TiO2 composites coated by nanosized TiO2 particles. Their morphology, crystallinity, and light absorption ability were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) analyses, respectively. The heterojunction effect between FeTiO3 and TiO2 could promote the spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, gave the FeTiO3/TiO2 composites strong oxidizing ability, and increased absorption of Xe lamp light. When used as photocatalysts toward phenolic compounds and dyes, the 5% FeTiO3/TiO2 composite showed the highest photocatalytic activity. The intermediate product of 4-chlorophenol degradation was also characterized, and the photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. The results indicated that the as-prepared FeTiO3/TiO2 composite materials show promise as a photocatalyst for environmental remediation, which could be applied to water pollution control.

Naturally derived FeTiO3 nanoparticles: analysis of optical properties

Eco-friendly metal titanates, which are abundant in nature, are widely used in our day-to-life in a variety of areas. This work is focused on the optical properties of FeTiO3 (FT) nanoparticles prepared by acid extraction method from ilmenite sand. The prepared FeTiO3 nanoparticles were analyzed by ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. Various linear optical parameters such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, absorption coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant, loss tangent, optical conductivity, electron energy loss, and dielectric relaxation time were calculated in 1.5–6 eV energy range and discussed as a function of photon energy. The calculated values of the real part of complex permittivity and volume energy loss were higher than those of the imaginary part of complex permittivity and surface energy loss, respectively. The discussed results showed that the prepared FeTiO3 nanoparticles are suitable for the photocatalytic activity and optoelectronic device applications due to their hybridization orbital.

Preparation and characterization of MnTiO3, FeTiO3, and CoTiO3 nanoparticles and investigation various applications: a review

The fabrication of nanoceramices and nanomaterials with desirable morphology, structure, and particle size is one of the most important fields in the nanoscience. In order to achieve this goal, the sol–gel method is one of the most applicable methods which allow us to attain desirable structures by changing some parameters. This review focuses on the synthesis of some MTiO3 (M = transition metals) by different routs owing to the technological importance of this group of materials. It also investigates different properties of such materials including photocatalytic, dielectric, optical and electrocatalytic behaviors. The conventional titanates of MnTiO3, FeTiO3, and CoTiO3 are introduced and furthermore, their syntheses have been clarified by proposing a related mechanism. The effects of reactants concentration, time and temperature reaction, surfactant, M2+ and Ti4+ sources, etc. on the particle size, morphology, and some properties of the obtained nanomaterials have been investigated. The size and morphology of the as-synthesized samples are studied by the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images. The optical, magnetic, and photocatalytic properties of the MTiO3 are studied as well.

Ferromagetic-paramagnetic transformation in hydrogenated ferrous titanate

Abstarct Ferrous titanate (FeTiO3) nanoparticles with hexagonal disc structure were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The VSM results show that ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition of FeTiO3 caused by high temperature hydrogenation. The morphology and lattice structure of FeTiO3 was characterized in detail by XRD, Raman, SEM and TEM. It was found that the magnetic transition of FeTiO3 nanoparticles after hydrogenation could be attributed to the change of lattice structure and surface effect. Further research by XPS found that the high temperature hydrogenation treatment could cause the change of elemental valence states and oxygen vacancies concentration for FeTiO3. The weakening of double exchange interaction (Fe2+-O-Fe3+) and the reduction of uncompensated surface spin were the main cause of the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition. This experiment would provide a new idea for regulating the magnetic property of materials.

Influence of nanoflower FeTiO3 in carbon dioxide reduction

The effect of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) by changing the structure and morphology of FeTiO3 nanoparticle prepared through sol–gel and hydrothermal methods is explained in this study. FeTiO3 nanoparticles were used as a cathode where as a stainless steel plate and CO2− saturated NaHCO3 were used as an anode and an electrolyte, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry analysis were carried out comprehensively on FeTiO3-SG-and FeTiO3-HT-coated electrodes to decouple the electrochemical reduction processes of CO2 in aqueous solution. The charge transfer resistance and the product gases were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and gas chromatography, respectively. The observed results were analyzed in light of structure/morphology, particle size, and surface area of FeTiO3 nanoparticles and their influence on the effective cathodic behavior in CO2 to CO reduction.

UV resistant and fire retardant properties in fabrics coated with polymer based nanocomposites derived from sustainable and natural resources for protective clothing application

Herein, UV-blocking and fire resistance cotton fabric was designed by coating polyurethane based MnO2-FeTiO3 (MFT) nanocomposites. The FeTiO3 (FT) nanoparticles were prepared using acid extraction from naturally occurring ilmenite sand and subsequently manganese acetate was added to synthesize the nanocomposite which was then thoroughly characterized. A colloidal suspension of MFT nanocomposite in TPU was prepared using sol-gel approach and subsequently coated onto cotton fabric. The surface morphology and the coverage of MFT on the coated fabric was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The structural changes, and thermal stability of the coated and uncoated fabrics was investigated by Fourier transform Infrared with Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis respectively. The MFT coated cotton fabrics exhibited a strong UV blocking ability and offered fire resistant properties as assessed using limited oxygen index. Furthermore, the coated cotton fabric retained its properties even after ten water-laundering cycles thereby offering durable, sustainable smart fabric for protective clothing application.

MOF-derived hollow TiO2@C/FeTiO3 nanoparticles as photoanodes with enhanced full spectrum light PEC activities

In the current work, the ternary TiO2@C/FeTiO3 (TCF) hollow nanotubes are synthesized using MOF-Fe nanorods as a sacrificial template and precursor via the thermal carbonization under N2 atmospheres. Due to such delicate structure features that consist of hollow needle-like framework, middle conductive-layer carbon and monodisperse FeTiO3 nanoparticles embedded on carbon layer, the hollow TCF composites can effectively harvest full spectrum light energy, enhance the interfacial charge separation and suppressed the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, resulting in enhanced photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) activity. Among as-synthesized samples, TCF-20% photoanode exhibits the best performance towards the degradation of phenol under full spectrum light irradiation with an anodic bias of 1.5 V vs. SCE and the degradation rate constant is 0.586 h−1, which is 2.75 times larger than that of the corresponding sum of both EC and PC process. In addition, triple synergistic effects of the possible mechanism with the enhancement of PEC activity was proposed on the basis of PEC degradation results. This work also opens a new insight for synthesis of photocatalysts based on novel MOFs.

Smart Textiles Coated with Eco-Friendly UV-Blocking Nanoparticles Derived from Natural Resources.

Herein, eco-friendly iron titanate nanoparticles, FeTiO3 (FT), derived from natural resources (like ilmenite sand) were coated onto cotton fabrics (CF) to develop smart textile with enhanced UV-shielding property. The FT nanoparticles were dispersed in a polyurethane (PU) matrix, and the resulting nanocomposite was coated on CF. In addition, few sandwich architectures were designed by rationally stacking CF coated with PU and FT nanoparticles. The resulting sandwich structures blocked UV rays mainly by absorption. FT nanoparticles were comprehensively characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis, vibrating sample magnetometer, and thermogravimetric analysis. FT was suitably surface-functionalized to enhance the quality of dispersion in PU, thereby facilitating effective coating on CF. The latter was systematically evaluated by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. In addition, flammability of the coated CF was evaluated and the char was assessed to gain insight into the fire-retardant properties. Interestingly, CF coated with FT exhibited a strong UV-shielding ability in sharp contrast to CF coated with PU. Further, the sandwich architecture consisting of CF with FT and PU resulted in an increase in the ultraviolet-protecting factor value to >50 compared to only PU-coated CF. Our results indicate that the sandwich structure holds excellent promise in the quest of designing smart textiles with enhanced UV shielding.

Photochemical and magnetic activities of FeTiO3 nanoparticles by electro-spinning synthesis

Ilmenite FeTiO3 nanoparticles were prepared by electrospinning synthesis using the sol–gel precursors, followed by the sintering at 650°C. The pure crystalline phase was verified by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements together with Rietveld refinements. The surface properties of the nanoparticles were studied by TEM, SEM, BET and XPS measurements. The optical absorption of FeTiO3 nanoparticles is in the visible wavelength region. The indirect allowed band gap (2.6eV) of FeTiO3 shows the characteristic charge-transfer (CT) transitions of O-2p→(Ti/Fe)-3d in visible light wavelength region. The photochemical properties were investigated by the methylene blue (MB) degradation under the irradiation of visible-light. FeTiO3 nanoparticles were efficient in the photo-degradation of MB dye solutions. The photocatalysis activities and mechanisms were discussed on the crystal structure characteristics such as multivalent elements of Ti3+, Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couples. The magnetic properties of FeTiO3 nanoparticles were measured, which permit this photocatalyst to be recycled after the photocatalytic reactions.

Comparison of Ilmenite and Nano-Ilmenite for Dye Removal and Antibacterial Activities

Objective: There are differents methode for moving dyes from contaminated environment and textile industries, the gold of this study is using of nano Ilmenite with anti bacterial properties for dye degradation. Method: The Ilmenite nanoparticles were produced and their catalytic activities were determined by the color change of several dyes. The prepared FeTiO3 nanoparticles have hexagonal structure with average size of ~21 nm. Results: The results indicated that although the Ilmenite has catalytic activity for photo-oxidation of dyes but Nano- Ilmenite has higher activity for dye removal. Dye removal by Nano-Ilmenite for Malachite Green, Alkaline Fuchsin and Coomassie Blue were 97% 50% and 100% respectively. Ilmenite removed Alkalin Fusion in lower rate but increased the color of Malachite Green and Coomassie Blue. Although Ilmenite had antibacterial activity but antibacterial activity of Nano-Ilmenite was 50% more. Conclusion: These data indicate that this Ilmenite soil can be used for remediation of contaminated area.

Development and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Al/Ilmenite Nanocomposite

In the present investigation, microstructure and mechanical properties of nanocomposites fabricated via stir casting were evaluated. The composites were based on Al (99.7) reinforced with ilmenite nanoparticles. The characterization of the nanoparticles and nanocomposites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) facilities. Microstructure of specimens show that reasonable distribution of FeTiO3 nanoparticles in the matrix, secondary phase FeAl3 observed in the microstructure. Ultimate tensile strength and compression tests were carried out in order to identify the mechanical properties. The hardness of the composites is enhanced with the addition of nanoparticles. The optimum value for ultimate tensile and compression strength are obtained with the addition of 3 % ilmenite nanoparticles. Ductile fracture in tensile fractured samples was observed by fractrography examination.

Nano-ilmenite FeTiO3: Synthesis and characterization

In general, ilmenite FeTiO3 is synthesized by solid-state reaction at very high pressure and high temperature. Synthesis of FeTiO3 is not an easy task as the Fe2+ ions are not stable. Therefore, it is really challenging to prepare this material. In this work nano-ilmenite FeTiO3 was synthesized by the sol–gel method. Structural, optical and magnetic characterizations were performed. The bandgap of FeTiO3 was determined to be 2.8eV showing FeTiO3 as suitable wide bandgap material for technological applications. The FeTiO3 nanoparticles exhibit weak ferromagnetic properties at and below room temperature. The Néel temperature was observed to be around 52K.