Fertilizer Manufacturing Research Articles

ANALISIS KANDUNGAN UNSUR HARA PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DARI KOTORAN SAPI DAN DAUN Pueraria javanica

Cow dung and leaves of Pueraria javanica are organic wastes that highly available and content nutrients. Generally, there is a lot of Pueraria javanica’s leaf waste in oil palm plantations that will have mature period. Both of these wastes could be used as liquid organic fertilizer that has advantage of being easier to apply and could be watered at the same time. It will also more profitable when the application doing in the dry season. The purpose of this study are to obtain alternative organic waste and determine the nutrient content of the best liquid organic fertilizer. This research conducted at PT Rea Kaltim, East Kalimantan, from May to September 2022. This research used a descriptive method consisting of observation, literature study and interviews. Liquid organic fertilizer treatment consisted of 4 mixtures, there are P0 (1 kg of cow dung + 0 kg of Pueraria javanica), P1 (1 kg + 0,25), P2 (1 kg + 0,5 kg), P3 (1 kg + 0,75 kg), and P4 (1 kg + 1 kg). The result of research showed that cow dung and Pueraria javanica could be used as alternative organic materials for the manufacture of liquid organic fertilizer. Based on the results of analysis, the best nutrient content in liquid organic fertilizer was found in the treatment of 1 kg of cow manure and 1 kg of Pueraria javanica with 0,21% nitrogen, 0,12% phosphorus and 0,20% potassium.

Liquid organic fertilizer availability and utilization in Nigeria: A review

The word as in general has the responsibility to respond to the emerging food crisis to match the growing population. Africa and many other Low Income Countries under Stress [LICUS] will face a stiffer challenge. Africa and specifically Sub-Saharan Africa depends much on synthetic fertilizers with disease burden. The concept and awareness of Organic Fertilizer and its Utilization in Agro farming with attendant benefits in Nigeria is at its lowest ebb. This review highlighting availability, of Liquid Organic Fertilizer in Nigeria agro-allied market among farmers and the awareness/benefits in Organic farming reveals much on the scale of 10. 1-3 reliable fertilizers companies are visible with most emphasis on synthetic fertilizer blending only. 1-2 reliable fertilizer company manufactures urea and synthetic fertilizer from which other companies get involved in the distribution. 1-2 claimed that their fertilizers are purely organic in powdered sachet forms. 1-3 claimed to produce liquid organic fertilizer alongside synthetic fertilizer formulation. 1-2 notable liquid organic fertilizers available claimed foliar mode of application. 2 out of 10 makes use of solid human wastes for liquid organic fertilizer. 5 out of 10 liquid organic fertilizer were found to be compost in nature while 2 out of 10 claimed to be organic liquid in nature. 1 3 Liquid Organic Fertilizers encountered cannot be verified by literature on their composition, materials and process of production. The available liquid organic fertilizer in Nigeria is with mixed acceptance. Synthetic fertilizer manufacturers claimed that their products can be used as organic fertilizer. Droppings from animal waste claimed their products are manures and fertilizers. Other liquid organic fertilizer companies claimed use of sea weeds without clear mechanism of actions. Nevertheless, a liquid fertilizer company located in Kuje, Abuja has been identified to possess state of art product line facilities with purely organic materials as source.

Pemanfaatan Kulit Nanas dan Kulit Pisang sebagai Pupuk Organik Cair

Pupuk organik didefinisikan sebagai pupuk yang berasal dari dari tanaman dan atau hewan yang telah melalui proses rekayasa untuk memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah. Dengan keberadaan pupuk organik melibatkan mikroorganisme yaitu larutan MOL yang mengandung unsur hara mikro dan makro berpotensi sebagai perombak bahan organik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan ratio C/N pada pupuk organic cair dari kulit nanas dan kulit pisang serta mengetahui waktu fermentasi dan jumlah penambahan starter MOL yang dibutuhkan untuk memperoleh kadar C/N terbaik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat starter berupa mikroorganisme lokal yang digunakan sebagai bioaktivator. Pembuatan pupuk organik cair dilakukan dengan proses fermentasi. Proses ini dilakukan dengan variasi waktu 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 minggu. Dan penambahkan larutan MOL dengan variasi 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% dan 8%. Pada penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diketahui pada waktu fermentasi selama 5 minggu dapat memenuhi standart mutu karena memiliki nilai rasio C/N sebesar 27.93, 21.26, dan 20.91. Rasio C/N tersebut didapatkan setelah dilakukan proses fermentasi selama 1 minggu dan penambahan larutan mol sebesar 0% dan 2% serta selama 2 minggu dengan penambahan larutan mol sebesar 0%.

Organic substitutions enhanced soil carbon stabilization and reduced carbon footprint in a vegetable farm

The strategies of substituting inorganic fertilizers with organic fertilizers have been shown to significantly impact the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) combating soil degradation and climate changes in intensive vegetable production. However, the underlying mechanisms and comprehensive assessment of environmental consequences are not fully understood. We conducted a five-year field experiment in the Yangtze River Delta Alluvial Plain, China, four fertilization treatments were established at equal nitrogen (N) levels: sole mineral fertilizers (SN); organic substituting 20 % (M1N4), 50 % (M1N1), and 100 % (SM) of mineral N fertilizer with organic fertilizer. Soil carbon (C) pools, physical and chemical composition of SOC, and C footprint were measured based on soil aggregates, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and life cycle assessment to investigate the effects of organic substitution on SOC quantity, quality, and environmental implications. Our results showed a significant increase in SOC content, particularly in the M1N1 treatment. This increase was attributed to changes in soil properties, an elevation in dissolved organic C content, and improved SOC stability. Specifically, organic substitution increased the proportion of macroaggregates, content of lignin phenols, and enrichment of alkyl C groups. Based on life cycle assessment incorporating field measurements, the average C footprint ranged from 1.82 to 2.58 CO2 kg eq kg−1 vegetable in the five-year experiment, primarily influenced by transportation and fertilizer manufacturing. Partial organic substitution reduced the C footprint by 6.2–10.1 %, while the SM treatment increased it by 0.54 CO2 eq kg−1 vegetable, and the M1N1 had the lowest C footprint at 1.82 CO2 eq kg−1 vegetable. As a whole, this approach of substituting 50 % of mineral N with organic fertilizers serves as a viable strategy to bolster soil C stabilization, promote C accumulation, and mitigate the C footprint linked to intensive vegetable production in subtropical regions.

Utilization of Sludge from the Communal Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in the Asrama Dinas Lingkungan Hidup (DLH) Jagakarsa of South Jakarta City as Basic Material for Organic Fertilizer

Asrama DLH Jagakarsa has a communal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) that produces sludge that has not been treated. Asrama DLH residents directly apply the sludge from the communal WWTP as fertilizer for plants. Fecal sludge contains organic substances that provide nutrients to plants. However, there is a possibility that it still contains pathogenic bacteria and metals that can be harmful to plants. This research aims to utilize the fecal sludge from Asrama DLH Jagakarsa WWTP as organic fertilizer with additional ingredients in the form of humic acid. During fertilizer manufacturing, the bacteria and metals are removed. The analysis used includes the composting process conditions analysis, characteristics tests to determine the content of feces and fertilizers, and analysis of the application to plants. Analysis of the conditions in the composting process is the analysis of the pH value of organic fertilizers. Characteristic tests include soil variation (V1), WWTP sludge (V2), and organic fertilizer (V3). Analysis of the application of plant growth was carried out by testing the variation of soil 100% (P1), soil 80% + 20% fecal sludge (P2), and soil 80% + 20% organic fertilizer (P3). The laboratory analysis includes the analysis of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPP), and water content which will be compared with the quality standard of the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture Number 261 of 2019. The plant that is used as an indicator of the success of organic fertilizer in plant growth is the kale plant. The best value was obtained in the variation of organic fertilizer (V3), namely the NPP content and water content, respectively, which were 4.52%, 2.57%, 0.05%, and 19.84%. This shows that organic fertilizer increases NPP elements and plant growth.

Penyuluhan Penggunaan Dan Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair Dari Bahan Baku Lokal

Counseling on the use and manufacture of liquid organic fertilizers from local raw materials is a community service activity conducted by University lecturer Maj. Gen. Sungkono, especially at the Faculty of Agriculture in Tinggar Hamlet, Tinggarbuntut Village, Bangsal district, Mojokerto Regency. The goal is to improve pet owners ' understanding of organic pet food as a last resort to ensure that the relatively low prices and prevalence of fertilizer stocks in the village make pet owners the majority. The method used is an experimental method. As a result, workers are able to produce goods using local materials and maximize the amount of daily labor available so that they are eager to master new skills or knowledge, such as practical skills, in rice fields and village halls.

Pengaruh Penambahan Kulit Singkong Terhadap Kualitas Pupuk Organik Cair dari Limbah Buah yang Diaplikasikan pada Tanaman Cabai Merah Keriting (Capsicum Annum L)

Every day the traditional market produces garbage from rotting fruit. According to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), the incidence of waste produced in Indonesia is 23 million tons / year and 22.3% comes from traditional marketwaste. Fruit waste can be utilized into Organic Fertilizer Cwater (POC) in order to have a selling value and not pollute the environment. In thepreviousstudy, the additional material used was cassava and only measured the nutrient levels of Liquid Organic Fertilizer formed without application to the plant,so that in penelitian ini wasdone the addition of cassava peel in the manufacture of liquid organic fertilizers and its effectonthe growth of curly red chili plants. The method used is fermentation inside the reactor equipped with a temperature stabilizedbottle. Processing is carried out anaerobically for 2 weeks with a variety of additional materials in one of the reactors, namely the addition of cassava peel. The parameters to be observed are pH levels, viscosity, plant height and number of leaves. Based on the results of measurements of pH levels before fermentation and after fermentation, the pH of liquid organic fertilizers with the addition of cassava peel from 5 to 3 and pH of Liquid Organic Fertilizer without the addition of cassava peel from 6 to 4. The results of measurement of the viscosity level of Liquid Organic Fertilizer without cassava peel 9,544x10-4 N. s/m2 while liquid organic fertilizer without cassava peel 7,858x10-4 N. s/m2. This means that liquid organic fertilizer without cassava peel is more easily absorbed by the soil because the viscosity value is lower and close to the water viscosity value of7,768x10-4 N. s/m2. The application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer to the curly red chili plant canget a maximum result of its effect by Liquid Organic Fertilizer without the addition of cassava peel.

Phosphate removal from wastewater for the manufacture of struvite fertilizer

One of the non-renewable natural resources is phosphate rock. Phosphate is currently a lot necessity, while the need for phosphate is estimated to last within 30 to 300 years. Therefore, it is necessary to strive for the development of new sustainable sources of phosphate to maintain phosphate stability. Stirring is an efficient method in the crystallization process where the stirring speed affects the growth of struvite crystals. The purpose of this study was to study the growth of struvite crystals with the struvite crystallization process with the influence of stirring rotations of 100, 150 and 200 rpm at a temperature of 30oC. The experiment was carried out by mixing the two solutions in a 1000 ml glass beaker. The reaction time and pH of struvite crystallization were evaluated in this experiment. The crystals obtained were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersion x-ray (EDX) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF). From the results of the study, it was found that the highest P2O5 content at a stirring speed of 100 rpm and a temperature of 30oC was 47.5%, and was included in the quality of triple superphosphate fertilizer.The morphology of the irregular flake crystals was a typical form of struvite crystals with a size of 20 m.

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CAIR TEMPE MENGGUNAKAN BAKTERI Pseudomonas sp DALAM PEMBUATAN PUPUK CAIR

This study aims to analyze the differences in the length of fermented tempeh wastes using Pseudomonas sp bacteria in the manufacture of liquid fertilizer, nutrient content (Nitrogen) contained in tempeh liquid waste fermentation using Pseudomonas sp bacteria in the manufacture of liquid fertilizer, the number of bacteria in tempe liquid waste fermentation by using Pseudomonas sp bacteria in making liquid fertilizer. Quantitative methods, types of experimental research and observations with the aim of knowing the effect of fermentation time on the liquid fertilizer produced. The fermentation time used is, 0, 7 14. days while the volume of bacteria is 200 ml. The mathematical model of the factorial design trial design with 2 replications used is as follows, Mattjik and Sumertajaya (2000), conducted at the ITI Microbiology Laboratory Technical Implementation Unit on Jl. Raya PUSPITEK Serpong-Tangerang Selatan, from the beginning of sampling until the end of the check, starts from May to June 2018. The object of this research is the liquid waste of tempe derived from the results of boiling tempeh. In this study, the pH, nitrogen and total bacteria were seen before and after adding bacteria by fermentation. The results showed: (a) tempe liquid waste can be used as raw material for the manufacture of high-quality liquid organic fertilizer in accordance with the quality standard provisions (POC) with the addition of Pseudomonas sp in the fermentation method, (b) the increase in N content in this study was 1.52%, which is from the level of 0.56% pure urine after fermentation of N content to 2.08%.

Penentuan Order Quantity Bahan Baku Pupuk Bersubsidi Jenis Npk Menggunakan Metode EOQ Di Pt. XYZ

Fertilizer has an important role in supporting the productivity of food crops. The Indonesian government provides subsidized fertilizers in an effort to support the fulfillment of national food needs. The number of subsidized fertilizer needs targeted by the government increases every year. Therefore, appropriate inventory planning is needed to realize the subsidized fertilizer production target that has been set by the government. The type of NPK fertilizer is one of the concerns because this type of subsidized fertilizer has a high demand rate, but its production figure is still far from the realization target. So that in this study the author aims to conduct a comparative analysis of inventory with the policies set by the company, namely Minimum-maximum with the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method. The EOQ method considers several costs, such as holding costs, raw material prices, and ordering costs. There are several outputs produced by the authors in this study, such as the frequency of orders, safety stock, reorder points, and total inventory costs. With this policy, the total cost of raw material inventory that must be spent for the manufacture of NPK fertilizer is Rp 4,257,606,170. And by using the EOQ method, it can save the company's total inventory cost of Rp. 121,368,688 or 2.77%.

The effect of N, P and K organic substances enhancers on fruit waste liquid organic fertilizer on tomato plants

The manufacturing of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) based on fruit waste can reduce the amount of waste. The research aims to determine that: 1) Tomato plants were affected by the application of some concentrations of fruit waste LOF that was not and given organic substances enhancers N, P, and K and 2) There was the best concentration of fruit waste LOF that was not and given organic substances enhancers N, P, and K on tomato plants. The research was designed in a group randomized design (GRD), with seven treatments tried, namely 0% (not given fruit waste LOF); concentrations of 30, 35, and 40% from fruit waste LOF that was not given organic substances enhancers N, P, and K; and concentration of 30, 35, and 40% from fruit waste LOF that was given organic substances enhancers N, P, and K. The observation parameters were plant height, plant stem diameter, amount of productive branches each pant, amount of tomatoes each plant, diameter of tomato fruit, and tomato fruit weight of each plant. The results of the research showed that 1) Fruit waste LOF that was given organic substances enhancers N, P, and K was a better effect than that was not given organic substances enhancers N, P, and K; and 2). Fruit waste LOF that was given organic substances enhancers N, P, and K at a concentration of 35% had the best effect on the average amount of tomatoes each plant (31.31) and tomato fruit weight each plant (2,535.25 g).

Optimalisasi Kotoran Sapi Menjadi Pupuk Organik untuk Swasembada Pertanian Desa Kelbung Galis Bangkalan

Kelbung Village, Galis sub-district, is geographically located in the eastern part of the City of Bangkalan Regency and is a potential area for the development of agricultural and livestock commodities. The livelihood of the people apart from raising cattle is farming. In addition to topographical conditions, climatic conditions also support this area for the development of various agricultural commodities and beef cattle breeding. This Community Partnership Program (PKM) activity is a team activity from the Bangkalan Ushuluddin Darussalam College of Science with partners, namely livestock farming groups in Kelbung Village, Galis Bangkalan sub-district. One of the problems agreed to be resolved through this program is in the agricultural sector, namely providing counseling and knowledge about making organic fertilizer from waste (cow dung). The target and outcome of the counseling and training activities for making organic fertilizers is that partner groups understand how to make organic fertilizers and apply them to plants. In order to find out the increased understanding of partner farmer groups, an evaluation was designed that was carried out at the beginning (pre-test) and at the end of the activity (post-test). The results of activities in the form of counseling and training can significantly increase the knowledge of partner members regarding the manufacture of organic fertilizers and their use in plants.

Karakteristik dan Partisipasi Petani dalam Pembuatan Pupuk Organik untuk Mendukung Gerakan Tani Pro Organik di Kabupaten Tulang Bawang Barat

This research was conducted in Tulang Bawang Tengah District and Tumijajar District, West Tulang Bawang Regency, Lampung Province in 2023, with the aims of (a) To describe the characteristics of farmers in Tulang Bawang Tengah District and Tumijajar District, Tulang Bawang Barat Regency, (b) To describe the participation of farmers in fertilizer making activities organic matter in Tulang Bawang Tengah and Tumijajar Districts, West Tulang Bawang District. Data were analyzed descriptively. Primary data collection used a questionnaire by interviewing respondents consisting of 102 farmers from two sub-districts. The implementation technique used in this study was a survey technique, namely research by taking samples from a population using questionnaires as the main data collection tool. The results showed that the age of the respondents was mostly productive age as many as 90 people or 88%, the sex of the respondents was mostly male by 75.5%, the education level of the respondents was mostly elementary school with a percentage of 65%, the land area was mostly respondents or 53% of respondents covering an area of ​​0.25 - 0.75 hectares and the respondents' long experience of farming were mostly between the scale range of 21 -30 years totaling 45 people with a percentage of 44%. The level of participation of respondents in the manufacture of organic fertilizer at the planning stage was mostly classified in the medium category, namely as many as 47 people or 46%, the level of participation of respondents in the implementation stage of activities was mostly in the high category, namely 49 people or 48% and the level of participation of respondents in the utilization stage of the results showed most of them are in the medium category as many as 55 people or 54%.

Metal-Based Electrocatalysts for Selective Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia.

Ammonia (NH3) plays a significant role in the manufacture of fertilizers, nitrogen-containing chemical production, and hydrogen storage. The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (e-NRR) is an attractive prospect for achieving clean and sustainable NH3 production, under mild conditions driven by renewable energy. The sluggish cleavage of N≡N bonds and poor selectivity of e-NRR are the primary challenges for e-NRR, over the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The rational design of e-NRR electrocatalysts is of vital significance and should be based on a thorough understanding of the structure-activity relationship and mechanism. Among the various explored e-NRR catalysts, metal-based electrocatalysts have drawn increasing attention due to their remarkable performances. This review highlighted the recent progress and developments in metal-based electrocatalysts for e-NRR. Different kinds of metal-based electrocatalysts used in NH3 synthesis (including noble-metal-based catalysts, non-noble-metal-based catalysts, and metal compound catalysts) were introduced. The theoretical screening and the experimental practice of rational metal-based electrocatalyst design with different strategies were systematically summarized. Additionally, the structure-function relationship to improve the NH3 yield was evaluated. Finally, current challenges and perspectives of this burgeoning area were provided. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of metal-based e-NRR electrocatalysts with a focus on enhancing their efficiency in the future.

Multilevel life cycle assessment to evaluate prospective agricultural development scenarios in a semi-arid irrigated region of Tunisia

CONTEXTTo design policies for sustainable irrigation planning, public decision-makers need knowledge about the potential environmental impacts of irrigated farming systems. In a previous paper, we proposed to couple Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Agrarian System Diagnosis (ASD) to build the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of a farming region in a context of data scarcity and farming system diversity. This method was applied to the semi-arid irrigated plain of Kairouan (Tunisia). OBJECTIVESThe aim of the present paper is to demonstrate how this new ASD-based LCA method is used to conduct the impact assessment of this farming region, under current conditions and for two prospective scenarios. METHODSTwo functional units (FU) were used: the area and the gross product generated. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) was conducted based on a multilevel process, by converting LCI data collected for each cropping/ livestock system into LCIA outputs, which were then consolidated at the farming system (FS) and at the regional scales. Two scenarios, based on observed trends, were assessed: the “agrarian” scenario (driven by a shift from family to corporate farming) and the “hydrological” scenario (driven by a water table drawdown). RESULTSEnvironmental hotspots were identified at each scale: the most impactful FS was the “mixed family farming” (intermediate access to water), because of its large share of land at the regional scale (45%). In this FS, the most harmful cropping system was input-intensive olive groves intercropped with a melon-pepper/ cereal/ tomato rotation, in which most impacts (35%) were attributable to the input-intensive “melon” crop, and more particularly to “manufacture and transport of fertilizer”, including farmyard manure. Globally, the most harmful processes were water and fertilizer use (fertilizer manufacturing and transportation). This downscaling is very useful to inform public policies on the most harmful productions. The impacts in human, ecosystem and resource endpoints increased by 11%, 2%, 9% and 23%, 27% and 40%, for the agrarian and hydrological scenarios respectively. SIGNIFICANCEThese results show that observed trends in farming practices evolution (more irrigation) should be stopped. Our method has three main strengths: i) inter-farms synergies are accounted for in the LCIA, which is essential to promote circularity; ii) thanks to the innovative and multilevel approach, the origins of environmental hotspots can be investigated and later mitigated by future policies; iii) ASD helps to design sustainable scenarios by identifying current trends and regional thresholds (resources, pollution and workforce) that cannot be overcome.

Assessment of Government Policies, Farm Subsidies, and Agriculture Growth

Political ideology serves as the nexus that intertwines various aspects of farming policy formulation, subsidy distribution, foreign grants, and the growth rate of the agricultural sector. This article takes a comprehensive look at the intricate relationship between People’s Multiparty Democracy (PMPD) and the development of farmer-centric policy formulation, the different types of farm subsidies, and their allocation. This examination is conducted by evaluating the various categories of agricultural funding projects and their outcomes, as well as analyzing the performance of the agricultural gross domestic product (AGDP). The descriptive findings of this study illuminate the direct influence of PMPD in shaping pro-farmer policy formulations. Farmers have been benefiting from moderate-level input subsidies designed to facilitate the acquisition of capital assets for the promotion of agricultural technology. These subsidies are sourced from both regular government funds and donor-supported initiatives that have been executed over varying periods. The average subsidy rate remains below 50%, contingent upon its intended purpose. Despite the positive political support, the AGDP has consistently hovered around the 3% mark throughout different development plans. It’s worth noting that not only PMPD but also other political paradigms such as the Panchayat system or multi-party democracy have significantly propelled economic growth. This underscores the need for renewed endeavors to leverage farmer’s equity funds, the government’s routine budget, loans, and grant funds. This study recommends the establishment of a collaborative platform involving farmers, the government, financial institutions, and donors, to successfully execute a growth-oriented business plan. Additionally, the study strongly advocates for three major investments: the establishment of fertilizer manufacturing facilities, hybrid seed production projects, and the creation of a resource center. These investments are crucial for the enhancement of key agricultural value chains.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Pupuk Organik (P3O) Ngembat Gondang Mojokerto

This study discusses training in making organic fertilizer in Ngebat Gondang Village, Mojokerto, in 2023 using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method. This training aims to increase the understanding of village communities about organic farming practices and the manufacture of organic fertilizers. PAR methods are used to actively engage communities in research and learning processes, enabling them to play a key stakeholder role in developing solutions that are relevant to their local conditions. The results of this study indicate that PAR methods are effective in increasing community participation in training and helping them adopt agricultural practices organic more effectively. Understanding of the manufacture of organic fertilizers increased significantly, resulting in increased agricultural productivity and reduced use of chemical fertilizers. In addition, close collaboration between village communities, researchers and village government played an important role in the success of this initiative. The results not only create positive changes in farming practices, but also inspire other communities to adopt sustainable practices, creating opportunities for more sustainable agriculture and a healthier environment in the future.

Environmentally Friendly Agricultural Revolution: POC and Bokashi Extension Programs to Reduce Chemical Fertilizers in Klangon Village

This activity is an environmental education program through socialization activities for making organic fertilizer. Counseling on the manufacture of POC and bokashi fertilizers is a demonstration activity on the manufacture of organic fertilizer from dry leaves and kitchen waste for the PKK group in Klangon Village, Saradan District, Madiun Regency. Counseling was carried out offline with members of the Klangon Village PKK group, starting with an explanation of organic fertilizers, demonstrations of making POC and bokashi, questions and answers, and giving door prizes. This program is expected to become a routine activity for the local government to create a clean environment and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.

Direct Ammonia SOFC-Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems Modeling for Heavy-Duty Transportation Sector

Ammonia currently stands as being the second most produced chemical in the world [1]. While it is prominently used in the manufacturing of fertilizers, increase in production capacity through renewable sources such as green hydrogen and its potential as a carbon-neutral energy carrier make it a promising candidate to replace fossil fuels for power generation in the future [2]. Moreover, when compared to liquid hydrogen, ammonia can be stored at more practical temperatures (-253⁰C vs -33⁰C at 1 bar) and has a higher volumetric energy density (8.5 MJ/L vs 12.7 MJ/L) [3]. Though the toxicity of ammonia as a fuel is well known, there are well established safety and handling procedures for storage and transport, given its ubiquitous existence as an essential commodity required for agriculture.From a systems perspective, residual chemical exergy available in the SOFC anode gas exhaust can be utilized through a gas turbine to enable increased efficiency [4]. Direct ammonia SOFCs (DASOFCs) can eliminate the need for external cracking to hydrogen, thereby reducing system complexity. In addition, heat loss and thermal management in the stack periphery may be effectively managed via in-situ endothermic decomposition of ammonia [5]. Integration in a hybrid system is also beneficial to SOFCs due to the associated heat of compression for pressurized operation. The different physicochemical timescales of electrochemical fuel cells and mechanical turbomachinery are advantageous to dynamic operation which is important because of fluctuating power loads in a mobile application.In this work, the potential of an ammonia-based hybrid SOFC/GT system concept is assessed. A multiscale stack simulation using constitutive relations for heat, mass and charge transfer based on high power density SOFCs is integrated with turbomachinery and other auxiliary system components within the gPROMS process simulation framework. State variables for each point can then be defined to estimate the operating boundaries of the system.This presentation discusses the thermodynamics of SOFC operation and system concepts to utilize ammonia in a hybrid system for a kW-scale transportation application. This involves evaluation of system indicators such as thermodynamic efficiency, fuel utilization and specific power which can help determine optimal performance. The efficiency and specific power are dictated by the operating temperature of the fuel cell, preheating requirements and the relative utilization of fuel between the SOFC and gas turbine. The proposed system concept is shown to achieve LHV efficiencies of up to 60% (LHV) within reasonable operating limits. The presentation includes an examination of the prospects of ammonia as a power source for the mobility sector in comparison to contemporary and future renewable fuels, and concludes with practical challenges for deployment.

Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair Dari Limbah Kulit Bawang Merah

Onion production has expanded among the community from year to year, the large amount of shallot skin waste can bring new problems that can affect environmental pollution if not handled immediately. The purpose of this research is to provide knowledge about the manufacture of liquid organic fertilizer from shallot skin waste. Compounds found in shallot skin contribute to soil fertility and have a positive impact on plants. The research methodology used is an experimental approach by applying yourself how to make liquid organic fertilizer from leftover shallot skins. The research findings show that the remaining shallot skins can be used as liquid organic fertilizer which has many benefits for plant growth. In line with previous findings that have been made, said that chili plants can utilize liquid organic fertilizer made from onion peel application to grow faster. In addition to chili plants, liquid organic fertilizer can also help grow okra, mustard greens, spinach, tomatoes, and ornamental plants.
 Keywords: Organic Fertilizer, Shallot Skin Waste