Fertilizer Application Methods Research Articles

The Effect of Agrotechnical Factors on Fusarium Mycotoxins Level in Maize

The occurrence of diseases in the cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) leads to the loss of grain yield and the simultaneous deterioration of its quality. Fungi of the genus Fusarium spp. pose the greatest threat to maize cultivation. These fungi occur at all stages of the plant’s development, causing Fusarium seedling blight, root rot, foot rot, and ear rot, including grains. Therefore, the aim of the conducted field studies was to determine the influence of selected agriculture factors on mycotoxin contents in maize grain and ear core. Moreover, it should be noted that the presence of mycotoxins in food products in terms of legal regulations is quite a fundamental barrier both in domestic and international trade. The field experiment was carried out at the Department of Agronomy of Poznań University of Life Sciences, on the fields of the Experimental and Educational Unit in Swadzim, Poland, in 2013–2014, in four field replicates. The study involved the following factors: soil sowing preparation method, types of variates, and fertilization method, all of which shape mycotoxin accumulation. The results indicated that the main effects of years were significant for all observed traits for both the core and grain. The concentrations of deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and zearalenone were higher in 2014 than in 2013 for both core and grain. The concentrations of fumonisin B1 and fumonisin B2 were higher in the first year of study for core and grain. The direct sowing of maize significantly affects plants’ health status, expressed by an increase in mycotoxin accumulation. Traditional hybrid SY Cooky characterized higher values of observed traits than “stay-green” hybrid Drim (except fumonisin B2 for cob). The positive effect of the row method of NP fertilizer application is based on a decrease in mycotoxin content.

Response of wheat, pea, and canola to micronutrient fertilization on five contrasting prairie soils

A polyhouse study was conducted to evaluate the relative effectiveness of different micronutrient fertilizer formulation and application methods on wheat, pea and canola, as indicated by yield response and fate of micronutrients in contrasting mineral soils. The underlying factors controlling micronutrient bioavailability in a soil–plant system were examined using chemical and spectroscopic speciation techniques. Application of Cu significantly improved grain and straw biomass yields of wheat on two of the five soils (Ukalta and Sceptre), of which the Ukalta soil was critically Cu deficient according to soil extraction with DTPA. The deficiency problem was corrected by either soil or foliar application of Cu fertilizers. There were no significant yield responses of pea to Zn fertilization on any of the five soils. For canola, soil placement of boric acid was effective in correcting the deficiency problem in Whitefox soil, while foliar application was not. Soil extractable Cu, Zn, and B concentration in post-harvest soils were increased with soil placement of fertilizers, indicating that following crops in rotation could benefit from this application method. The chemical and XANES spectroscopic speciation indicates that carbonate associated is the dominant form of Cu and Zn in prairie soils, where chemisorption to carbonates is likely the major process that determines the fate of added Cu and Zn fertilizer.

Application methods influence biochar–fertilizer interactive effects on soil nitrogen dynamics

AbstractThe potential nitrogen (N) losses from soils with fertilizer addition can be reduced when biochar is co‐applied, but this effect is influenced by the methods of biochar and fertilizer application. In a 60‐d laboratory incubation experiment, we investigated how two fertilizer application methods (surface placement and soil incorporation) affected N transformation in soils under the following treatments: control (soil with no biochar and urea [C]), biochar (150 mg N g−1 soil [B]), urea (150 mg N g−1 soil [U]), and the combination of B + U (75 mg N g−1 soil each B and U). Our results showed that at Day 30, the concentrations of soil NH4+–N and NO3−–N remained significantly higher for U but were relatively similar to control for biochar‐included treatments, indicating that the presence of biochar slowed the mineralization of urea during that period. The concentration of soil NO3−–N and cumulative N2O production under B + U treatment at 60 d was around two times higher for incorporation treatment compared with the surface treatment, indicative of a longer‐term N regulatory effect of biochar with the surface application method. Additionally, we observed a higher number of amoA gene transcripts when B + U was incorporated in the soil compared with applied to the surface at the later stage of incubation, indicative of higher potential nitrification activity. These results suggest that the surface application of B + U can be used as a slow release N source that can provide long‐term N supply to the crops, while the soil incorporation method could be used for crops that need low N at the beginning of the growth but require a substantial amount of it later. Surface co‐application of B + U can also be a good strategy to reduce soil N losses by slowing down ammonification, nitrification, N2O emission, and ammonia oxidizing bacteria activity.

Biochemical changes and distribution of nitrogen from bands of stabilised N-fertilizers in contrasting soils

‘Stabilised’ nitrogen (N) represents an important category of enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) in which chemicals added to urea granules inhibit target soil N transformation processes in order to optimize N availability for crop uptake. However the mechanistic understanding of how these inhibitors perform when urea-based fertilizers are banded, causing substantial modifications to the soil chemical environment, is poorly understood. In a 16-day laboratory incubation, the efficacies of the nitrification inhibitor (NI), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), and the urease inhibitor (UI), N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), were investigated in two soils by incubating two commercially available urea-based products containing these additives in bands at concentrations equivalent to 150 kg N ha−1 at row spacing of 1.8 m. When compared to a granular urea standard, DMPP did not provide any inhibitory benefits except when the inhibitor was able to diffuse beyond the zone affected by urea-N hydrolysis, within which considerable nitrification inhibition occurred because of the chemical conditions. The benefit of the NI was most significant in the soil with higher clay, organic matter and pH buffering capacity, with these properties confining the ureolytic-induced chemical changes and N transformations inhibitory zone closer to the fertilizer band. In contrast, the UI provided some benefit by slowing the rapid rise in pH, electrical conductivity and aqueous ammonia observed in standard urea bands, although the effects of NBPT were temporary (ca. 9 days) in both soils. The benefit of NI and UI technology relative to urea alone is likely to vary considerably between soils and fertilizer application methods. This study provides a physico-chemical approach to determining under what conditions the benefits of banded ‘stabilising’ EEF technology may be realised.

Effectiveness of Fertilizer Use among Arable Farmers in Yola South, North-Eastern Part of Nigeria

Aim: This paper aimed to assess the effectiveness of fertilizer use among arable farmers in Yola South North-eastern part of Nigeria.
 Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted at Yola South LGA of Adamawa State, Nigeria during September, 2019-July, 2020.
 Methodology: Four (4) areas were selected in the area (Yolde pate, Bole, Mbamaba and Wuro-chekke) where 40 farmers were randomly selected from each farm location totaling to 160 farmers. The data obtained through administered questionnaires were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and effectiveness Test Value (ETV) method respectively.
 Results: The result shows that soil type, vegetation cover and soil type were the most indicators of soil fertility among farmers in the area where most farmers used organic fertilizers than the inorganic or combined except at Wuor-chekke farm location. Broadcasting method of fertilizer application was found to be mostly adopted in the area. Similarly, Organic fertilizer was assessed to be highly effective (HE) in all the farm location except at Wuro-chekke while inorganic fertilizer was HE at Bole and the combine used of organic and inorganic fertilizers appeared HE except at Mbamba farm location. Moreover, broadcasting method was HE at Yolde pate and Wuro-chekke farm locations while band placing was HE at Bole and spot method found to be moderately effective (ME) except at Mbamba appeared not effective (NE) respectively.
 Conclusion: Intensive training to the farmers on modern strategies and techniques on fertilizer use through extension services should be conducted and timely provision of fertilizers to the target farmers should be considered by the relevant agencies in Yola area and the environment for the sustainable and profitable food production for the growing population.

Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer Type and Nitrogen Application Method on Tuber Yield and Growth Indices of Three Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars

Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential nutrients in growth of plants. In addition, the type and method of fertilizer application play an important role in the efficient absorption of nutrients and reduce fertilizer use. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Bahar city in 2017: phosphorus fertilizer was three levels (no application, triple superphosphate and diammonium phosphate), nitrogen fertilizer with two levels (placement and no-placement) and potato cultivar with three levels (Agria, Banba and Sante). The highest leaf area index (5.27), crop growth rate (13.22 g.m-2) and total dry matter (582.86 g.m-2) were obtained from diammonium phosphate along with nitrogen placement in by using Agria cultivar. The results also showed that under conditions phosphorus deficiency, nitrogen application method did not affect leaf area index, crop growth rate and total dry matter: However, tuber yield of Agria under phosphorus deficiency increased by nitrogen placement treatment. In this study, the use of diammonium phosphate, compared to triple superphosphate, increased leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and total dry matter. The effect of nitrogen placement along with triple superphosphate was higher than that of nitrogen with diammonium phosphate. Chlorophyll index was not affected by nitrogen placement when using diammonium phosphate, whereas, nitrogen placement increased chlorophyll index by 6.5% with triple superphosphate. The results also showed that the tuber yield increased by 25.4% when nitrogen used by placement combined with triple superphosphate fertilizer. As a whole, highest tuber yields of all three cultivars, especially in Agria and Banba, were increased under nitrogen placement treatment along with diammonium phosphate.

新潟県の砂丘地において，葉面散布追肥を取り入れた省力栽培が パン用コムギ「ゆきちから」の収量・子実タンパク質含有率に及ぼす影響

新潟県の砂丘地において，葉面散布追肥を取り入れた省力栽培が パン用コムギ「ゆきちから」の収量・子実タンパク質含有率に及ぼす影響

Influence of fertilizer levels applied through conventional and fertigation on yield components and yield of aerobic rice

Field experiments were conducted on sandy loam soils in the field unit of Agronomy division, College of Agriculture, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India during Kharif season of 2015 and 2016. In this field trial, the effect of levels and methods of fertilizer application (surface and fertigation) with combination of water soluble fertilizers and normal fertilizers or alone on growth and yield of aerobic rice was studies. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising of 3 replications and 12 treatments. Results showed that aerobic rice yields differed significantly among the treatments. Conjunctive application of 25% RDF through soil application + 100% RDF through fertigation recorded higher growth and yield parameters viz., productive tillers (22 plant-1), panicle length (23.77 cm), total grains (117), filled grains (110.6) total dry matter accumulation (109.19 g plant-1), grain (68.92 q ha-1) and straw yield (79.45 q ha-1); but it was statically on par with plots of 125 or 100% RDF through fertigation alone and conjunctive application of 25% RDF through soil application + 75% or 100% RDF through fertigation compared to soil applied 100% RDF through surface irrigation treatment (43.12 and 50.15 q ha-1 respectively for grain and straw). The yield increment was found 41-60 per cent over surface irrigation with soil application of 100 per cent RDF.

Increasing nitrogen use efficiency in rice through fertilizer application method under rainfed drought conditions in Nepal

Nitrogen (N) is the most important yield-limiting plant nutrient. Despite various measures available for improvement of N management, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is still very low in rice (Oryza sativa L.), particularly under rainfed conditions. A field experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Banke, Nepal, during the rainy seasons of 2017 and 2018 to study the effects of nitrogen application method on NUE and grain yields across different varieties. The field experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, consisting of three rice varieties—Arize 6444, Radha-4, and Sukkha Dhan-3—as the main plots and five fertilizer treatments in sub-plots, and replicated thrice. The five fertilizer treatments included control (0 kg N ha−1), broadcast prilled urea at 78 kg N ha−1 and 100 kg N ha−1, and deep placement of prilled urea and briquetted urea at 78 kg N ha−1. Both rice variety and fertilizer treatment had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on grain yield. The hybrid variety (Arize 6444) increased grain yield by 23% compared to Sukkha Dhan-3 (4.9 Mg ha−1). Deep-placed briquetted urea increased grain yield by 21–23% (6.7 Mg ha−1) compared to broadcast and deep-placed prilled urea. A higher grain yield for briquetted urea positively correlated (r = 0.43) with the number of tillers per hill. Deep-placed briquetted urea increased NUE (apparent N recovery, agronomic NUE, partial factor productivity of N, and physiological efficiency by 44%, 40%, 34%, and 3%, respectively), while reducing ammonia volatilization by 57% compared to the current recommended rate of broadcast prilled urea. Our results confirm that deep placement of briquetted urea significantly increases grain yields and NUE of rainfed rice.

EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND SOIL AMENDMENTS AND METHODS OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON REDUSING AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION AND GROWTH AND YIELD OF CABBAGE )Brassica OleraceaVar.Capitata.L)

laboratory experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Soil Science and Water Resources Department, and field experiment in the field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad. Site Jadiriya to study the effect of mineral fertilization and soil amendments and methods of fertilizer application on reducing ammonia volatilization. The laboratory experiment was carried out according to the completely randomized design (C.R.D) and the field experiment according to randomized completely block design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. The laboratory experiment included adding ammonium molybdate with (phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, both, rock phosphate, agricultural sulfur, plant ash, adding at 5cm depth) using sandy loam soil. The field experiment included eight treatments including nitrogen fertilizer application methods to cabbage crop T0: control (no nitrogen fertilizer added), T1: addition with grooves or cracks of plant side at a distance of 5 cm, T2: addition fertilizer on the surface, T3: addition with irrigation water, T4 : 5 cm depth, T5: 8 cm depth, T6: 10 cm depth, T7: mixing with soil in one batch when starting fertilization, Urea was added in three batches, 15 days after planting, 30 days after planting and 45 days after planting. The results of the laboratory experiment showed an increase in volatilization of ammonia by increasing phosphate rock levels, while the amount of volatile ammonia decreased in the presence of phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and the two together, agricultural sulfur and plant ash and adding at 5 cm depth. The results of the statistical analysis of the field experiment showed that the treatment T1 gave the highest rate of total yield and weight of the cabbage head and external leaves at 74.3, 51.4 and 23.12 Mg ha-1 , respectively, The same treatment gave the highest dry weight rate for the above mentioned indicators except for non-eaten leaves (9.43 and 5.63 Mg ha-1 ) while treatment T5 gave the highest dry weight rate for external leaves.

Microbial Quality of Some Leafy Vegetables Sold in Iree

This study investigates the microbial quality of some common leafy vegetables sold in Iree. Three common leafy vegetables were used which were Amaranthus viridis (‘Tete’), Corchorus olito rus (‘Ewedu’) and Talinum triangulare (‘Gbure’). The samples were bought from the Iree main market and packaged in a sterilized aluminium covered plates and were transferred immediately into the laboratory where they were examined for Total viable counts, coliform counts and Total fungal counts. The average total viable counts was 2.2 x 105cfu/mL for Amaranthus viridis, 2.3 x 105 cfu/mL for Corchorus olitorius and 1.9 x 105 for Talinum triangulare. Seven bacteria belonging to five genera and three fungal Spp. were isolated, which include, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enteritidis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Eschericia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicilium italicum respectively. Staphylococcus (26%) was the most predominantly isolated followed by Bacillus subtilis (13%), Eschericia coli (12%), Streptococcus and Micrococcus (11%), Enterobacteriacea (9%), fungal (10%) and Bacillus cereus was the least (8%). These results showed that agricultural practices on these vegetables, like transportation, irrigation and even fertilizer application method could pose risks to the consumers, it is therefore advised that proper cooking of these leafy vegetables by boiling in 100°C boiling water, should strictly be adhered to before consumption not just mere blanching.

Manually Feed NPK Fertigation Improves Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper Hybrids in Ultisol

Extending the planting area to a less-fertile soil, such as Ultisols, become inevitable choice to increase the national chili pepper production in Indonesia as this types of soil is the largest part of dry land of Indonesia, about 29.7% or around 51 million ha. However, efforts to increase its productivity by providing sufficient fertilizers application is most frequently inefficient because in the conventional fertilizer applications, broadcasted fertilizer on the soil bed, are not readily available for the plant as their solubility is limited under the plastic mulch and still in the form of granular until the end of planting season. Fertigation, therefore, maybe the answer for this problem. The objective of this study was to determine the best NPK fertigation method on four chili pepper hybrids. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replication, and the treatments were arranged in a split plot design. As the main plots were NPK fertigation intensity, i.e. 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% fertigation with the remnant fertilizers were circularly broadcasted surrounding the plant. As the subplots were chili pepper hybrids, i.e. ‘Maxima’, H39, H14, and ‘UNIB CHR17’. The results showed that there was no interaction effect of fertigation intensity indicated that all hybrid genotypes showed similar pattern of responses. The H39 hybrid had better vegetative growth compared to other hybrids in term of plant height, dichotomous height, stem diameter, number of branches, plant fresh-weight. Whereas the hybrid cultivar ‘Maxima’ showed the highest yield followed by H14 and cultivar ‘UNIB CHR17’. The 100% fertigation was the best method of NPK fertilizer application for chili pepper in Ultisols.keywowrd: fertigation, chili pepper, fertilizer application, acidic soil

Organic Fertilizer Source and Application Method Impact Ammonia Volatilization

ABSTRACT Ammonia (NH3) volatilization from fertilizer applications reduces efficiency and poses environmental hazards. This study used semi-open static chambers to measure NH3 volatilization from organic fertilizers (feather meal, blood meal, fish emulsion, cyano-fertilizer) to evaluate the impacts of fertilizer source, application method, and rate on NH3 volatilization. In 2014, two application rates (28 and 56 kg N ha−1) were applied to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Solid fertilizers (feather meal, blood meal) were preplant applied in a subsurface band, whereas liquid fertilizers (fish emulsion, cyano-fertilizer) were applied weekly through drip irrigation beginning two weeks after transplanting. In 2015, a single application rate (28 kg N ha−1) was applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Solid fertilizers were applied in either subsurface or surface bands. There was a significant difference in NH3 volatilization among fertilizers, but there was little difference between application rates. Liquid fertilizers had lower NH3 emissions than solid fertilizers due to their timing and placement. In 2014, blood meal at 56 kg N ha−1 and feather meal at both rates had the highest NH3 fluxes. In 2015, surface-banded blood and feather meal had the highest NH3 fluxes. Fertilizer decisions for organic systems should consider NH3 emission losses and practices for their reduction.

Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and reduced irrigation water use in rice production through water-saving irrigation scheduling, reduced tillage and fertiliser application strategies

Rice production systems are the largest anthropogenic wetlands on earth and feed more than half of the world's population. However, they are also a major source of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Several agronomic strategies have been proposed to improve water-use efficiency and reduce GHG emissions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of water-saving irrigation (alternate wetting and drying (AWD) vs. soil water potential (SWP)), contrasting land establishment (puddling vs. reduced tillage) and fertiliser application methods (broadcast vs. liquid fertilisation) on water-use efficiency, GHG emissions and rice yield. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design with eight treatments (all combinations of the three factors) and four replicates. AWD combined with broadcasting fertilisation was superior to SWP in terms of maintaining yield. However, seasonal nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were significantly reduced by 64% and 66% in the Broadcast-SWP and Liquid fertiliser-SWP treatments, respectively, compared to corresponding treatments in AWD. The SWP also significantly reduced seasonal methane (CH4) emissions by 34 and 30% in the broadcast and liquid fertilisation treatments, respectively. Area-scaled GWPs were reduced by 48% and 54% in Broadcast-SWP and Liquid fertiliser-SWP treatments respectively compared to the corresponding treatments in AWD. Compared to AWD, the broadcast and liquid fertilisation in SWP irrigation treatments reduced yield-scaled GWPs by 46% and 37%, respectively. In terms of suitability, based on yield-scaled GWPs, the treatments can be ordered as follows: Broadcast-SWP < Broadcast-AWD = Liquid fertiliser-SWP < Liquid fertiliser-AWD. Growing-season water use was 15% lower in the SWP treatments compared with the water-saving AWD. Reduced tillage reduced additional water use during land preparation. The conclusions of this study are that improved water management and timely coordination of N fertiliser with crop demand can reduce water use, N loss via N2O emissions, and CH4 emissions.

Influence of nitrogen on the growth and use efficiency of rainfed lowland rice in northwest Ethiopia

Rice productivity in Fogera Plain of Ethiopia is low due to poor soil nitrogen management. A field experiment was conducted for two years during the main cropping seasons of 2017 and 2018 in Fogera Plain to study the effect of N fertilizer rates and application methods on productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of lowland rice. The experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement of six levels of N rates (46, 92, 138, 184, 230, and 276 kg N ha−1) and two levels of application methods (farmers’ practice and mud-balls form) with the control, laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates. Results revealed that N rates had a significant effect on the growth, biomass and grain yields, and N use efficiency of rice. Interaction effects of application methods by N rates had only a significant effect on N use efficiency of rice. Generally, rain-fed lowland rice grain yield (4.2–5.2 tons ha−1) positively responded to fertilizer N rates from 138 to 276 kg ha−1. Nitrogen use efficiency was highest at the low and intermediate levels of N and low on highest levels of N. From this study, mud-balls making Urea is a tedious and labor intensive work. Rather, hence, nitrogen use efficient methods of Urea supergranule tablet should be used based on the recommended 276 kg ha−1 nitrogen rate to exploit more grain yield of rain-fed lowland rice without yield penalty in Fogera Plain.

The where, when and what of phosphorus fertilisation for seedling establishment in a biodiverse jarrah forest restoration after bauxite mining in Western Australia

Fertiliser application to restore nutrients lost in the mining process and facilitate early plant establishment and growth is a key step in the restoration of sites disturbed by mining. However, few studies have investigated the effects of different fertiliser types and application methods on mine restoration outcomes, especially in highly biodiverse ecosystems such as the jarrah forest. This forest is a unique, floristically diverse landscape with species adapted to growth on a highly weathered phosphorus impoverished Ferralsol. In this study we investigated the effect of fertiliser type (rock phosphate, single superphosphate, and an NPK fertiliser), application method (top-dressed versus incorporated), and the timing of application (winter vs. summer) on the trajectory of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest restoration following bauxite mining compared to an unfertilised control. All fertilised soil had elevated Colwell-P concentrations (bar rock phosphate) and had considerably less N than found in the native forest, even after N fertilisation. Fertiliser incorporation resulted in a more even distribution of P down the soil profile and increased overall plant growth (as assessed by percentage cover) compared with either top-dressed fertiliser application and no fertiliser, potentially offering better erosion control. In contrast, native species richness was highest in the zero fertiliser and NPK treatments and lowest in the phosphorus incorporation treatments. On average, unfertilised plots had 10 more native species per plot than those fertilised with P only. Fertiliser application also reduced the abundance and cover of Bossiaea ornata and Lomandra spp., both of which are small slow-growing understorey taxa. In contrast, the legume Acacia celastrifolia exhibited a vigorous growth response to fertiliser, with growth being greatest when P (either rock phosphate or SSP) was incorporated. These data suggest that P fertiliser incorporation is a potential strategy to both maximise early plant growth and cover and increase the efficiency of P application. However, if the goal of restoration is to maximise diversity then moderation in P application and using fertilisers that also contain N and K may be appropriate.

Effect of fertigation on soil fertility, yield and nutrient uptake by brinjal

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of fertigation on yield, soil fertility status and nutrient uptake by brinjal during rabi season of 2017-18 at research farm of Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with five treatments replicated four times. The treatments consist of various levels of fertilizers through drip fertigation and a control treatment with traditional application of fertilizer. The results revealed that the yield increased with increasing level of Fertigation. The maximum yield was recorded with drip fertigation at 150% RDF (557.10 q ha-1) which was found to be at par with drip Fertigation at 125% RDF (554.88 q ha-1). Significantly lower yield obtained under control i.e. traditional fertilization at 100% RDF (428.56 q ha-1). Similar trend was observed with highest available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients in soil. Chemical properties of soil were also improved with fertigation as compared to traditional method of fertilizer application. Highest B:C ratio was obtained in treatment with drip fertigation at 125% RDF (3.22) followed by treatment with drip fertigation at 100% RDF (3.09).

Nutrition of Florida Citrus Trees, 3rd Edition: Chapter 7. Methods of Fertilizer Application

The information provided in the 2008 2nd edition is still sound for healthy citrus trees under Florida production conditions. Much of the information provided in this document on nutrients, application methods, leaf and soil sampling and irrigation scheduling are also effective for huanglongbing (HLB) affected citrus trees. However, research conducted since HLB was detected in Florida in 2005 has established changes in many production practices, including nutrient rates, irrigation scheduling, soil pH management, and use of Citrus Under Protective Screen (CUPS). Changes to the 2nd edition of SL253 will appear in boxes similar to this one at the beginnings of chapters 2, 6, 8, 9, and 11.

Effects of Different Fertilizer Application Methods on the Yield and Quality of “Kenroku” Sweet Potato Grown in an Unflooded Paddy Field

Effects of Different Fertilizer Application Methods on the Yield and Quality of “Kenroku” Sweet Potato Grown in an Unflooded Paddy Field

Effect of the Applied Fertilization Method under Full Straw Return on the Growth of Mechanically Transplanted Rice.

This study aimed to improve nitrogen utilization and alleviate the inhibition of straw decomposition during early tillering and the growth of paddy after straw return. Specifically, three different nitrogen fertilizer (base fertilizer) application methods were tested under full straw return: applying the compound fertilizer once (J1), applying the compound fertilizer twice (J3) and applying the ammonium carbonate fertilizer plus compound fertilizer (J2). Full straw return without fertilizer (CK1) and no straw return without fertilizer (CK2) were used as the controls. The results showed that treatment with ammonium carbonate fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer (J2) significantly enhanced straw decomposition, light interception and dry matter accumulation at an early stage of tillering, but reduced tiller occurrence at a late tillering stage. Grain yield was affected due to reduced dry matter accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency and number of effective panicles. There were no significant differences in rice growth, nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield between the one-time or two-time compound fertilizer application methods. In contrast, treatment with ammonium carbonate fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer (J2) under full straw return effectively improved straw decomposition and accelerated the return of green and tillering. In addition, the proportion of ammonium carbonate fertilizer affected the nutrient utilization efficiency and yield at later stages.