Effects Of Fertilizer Treatments Research Articles

Long-Term Effects of Crop Treatments and Fertilization on Soil Stability and Nutrient Dynamics in the Loess Plateau: Implications for Soil Health and Productivity

Soil degradation and erosion pose significant threats to agricultural sustainability in fragile ecosystems, such as the Loess Plateau in northern China. This study examines the long-term impacts of fertilization regimes and land-use systems on soil health, focusing on soil aggregate stability, fertility, and crop productivity. Six treatment combinations were evaluated in our study, including three continuous alfalfa fields (AL-CK, AL-P, and AL-NPM) and three continuous wheat fields (WH-NPM, WH-NP, and WH-P), each representing a combination of land use and three fertilization treatments: (1) no fertilization (CK), (2) inorganic fertilization (120 kg ha−1 N, 60 kg ha−1 P-NP), and (3) a combination of organic and inorganic fertilization (75 t ha−1 cow manure-NPM). Soil samples were collected from three depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm) to assess physical and chemical properties. We evaluated the long-term effects of different fertilization treatments on soil stability, fertility, and crop yield to explore the interactions among soil’s physical and chemical properties under two land-use types and to assess the effectiveness of combined organic and inorganic fertilization strategies in improving soil health and mitigating erosion in vulnerable landscapes. The study revealed significant depth-specific variations with surface layers (0–10 cm) showing the greatest improvement under NPM treatments, particularly in continuous alfalfa fields, which exhibited higher soil fertility, improved soil structure, and crop yield. In contrast, continuous wheat fields with minimal fertilization demonstrated significantly lower soil quality and productivity. Using the combination of mineral fertilizers and organic amendments, such as cow manure, proved to be the most effective strategy for significantly enhancing nutrient availability and overall soil health. Partial Least Squares Modeling (PLS-M) and Mantel analysis highlighted the critical role of fertilization management in maintaining soil quality, boosting crop productivity, and mitigating erosion in high-risk areas. This study emphasizes the importance of integrated nutrient management for sustainable land use and soil conservation in erosion-prone regions.

Effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on the matrix properties and plant growth of tailings waste

Vegetation ecological restoration technology is widely regarded as an environmentally sustainable and green technology for the remediation of mineral waste. The appropriate ratio of amendments can improve the substrate environment for plant growth and increase the efficiency of ecological restoration. Herbs and shrubs are preferred for vegetation restoration in abandoned mines because of their rapid establishment and easy management. This study probed into their improvement effects on abandoned mine tailings from aspects such as plant growth and nutrient content. Based on this, the trail explored the impacts of different ratios of quarry waste matrix on different plant growth and the physical and chemical properties of the quarry matrix. The original soil, without fertilizer and with 45% water treatment, was taken as the control (CK), while the experimental group comprised of composite soil with different ratios of original soil and slag, combined with various water and nitrogen fertilizer treatments. Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng, Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) Schum, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv, Periploca sepium Bunge, and mugwort (Artemisia argyi Levl. Et Vant.) were planted, respectively, in the control and experimental groups. After a 30-day period of nitrogen fertilizer and water treatment, an analysis was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties and growth status of the tailing matrix for different treatments. The results demonstrated that the M7 treatment significantly promoted the growth of mugwort, whereas the M2 treatment stimulated the growth of Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) Schum. Additionally, the M3 treatment proved to be advantageous for enhancing the growth of Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv, Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng, and Periploca sepium Bunge. The soil matrix pH of Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng, Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) Schum, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv, Periploca sepium Bunge, and mugwort is all above 7.5, while macronutrient elements including TK, AK, TN, AN, TP, and AP exhibit varying degrees of enhancement. PCA analysis disclosed that there were significant disparities in substrate properties and plant growth properties among treatments for Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng, Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) Schum, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv, Periploca sepium Bunge, and mugwort (P < 0.05). The correlation network and structural equation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the water and fertilizer matrix and soil AN and TN (P < 0.05). Additionally, TK exhibited a positive correlation with the growth status of all five plant species. Moreover, the water and fertilizer substrate displayed a positive association with the growth status of Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv, Periploca sepium Bunge, as well as mugwort; however, it showed a negative correlation with the growth status of Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) Schum.

Fertilization Induced Soil Microbial Shifts Show Minor Effects on Sapindus mukorossi Yield.

Fertilization can improve soil nutrition and increase the yield of Sapindus mukorossi, but the response of soil microbial communities to fertilization treatments and their correlation with soil nutrition and Sapindus mukorossi yield are unclear. In order to investigate the characteristics of soil physicochemical qualities and the bacterial community, we carried out a field experiment comparing various quantities of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers to the unfertilized control treatments and the yield of Sapindus mukorossi in raw material forests in response to different applications of fertilizers and to try to clarify the interrelation among the three. Results showed that (1) there are significant differences in the effects of different fertilization treatments on the soil properties of Sapindus mukorossi raw material forests. The increase in the application rates of nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizers significantly reduced the soil pH value. (2) Compared with control, the α-diversity of bacterial communities was significantly lower in N3P2K2 and N1P1K2 treatments. Among the dominant groups of soil bacteria at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Chloroflexi showed an increase and then a decrease trend with the increase in N application. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Fusobacteriota was positively correlated with the application of P and K fertilizers, while the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota and Verrucomicrobiota decreased with the increase in P and K fertilizers. (3) The N2P2K2 treatment produced the highest sapindus yield (1464.58 kg/ha), which increased by 258.67% above the control. (4) Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the primary determinants of bacterial community structure were soil pH, total K, and effective P concentration. (5) Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that soil nutrient content was the main direct factor driving the yield of Sapindus mukorossi, whereas the bacterial community attributes (e.g., diversity and structure) had minor effects on the yield. In summary, the rational use of formulated fertilization can change the bacterial community structure, improve the bacterial diversity, and increase the soil nutrient content, with the latter exerting a significant effect on the improvement of the yield of Sapindus mukorossi.

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on Soil Microbial Structure in Paddy Soil When Combined with Rice Straw Return.

Metagenomic sequencing of the microbial soil community was used to assess the effect of various nitrogen fertilizer treatments in combination with constant rice straw return to the soil in the tiller layer of Northeast China's black paddy soil used for rice production. Here, we investigated changes in the composition, diversity, and structure of soil microbial communities in the soil treated with four amounts of nitrogen fertilizers (53, 93, 133, and 173 kg/ha) applied to the soil under a constant straw return of 7500 kg/ha, with a control not receiving N. The relationships between soil microbial community structure and soil physical and chemical properties were determined. The results showed that the available K content of the soil significantly (p < 0.05) increased in soil receiving the lowest N-fertilizer dose. When applied at high amounts, N-fertilizer changed the Chao1 and ACE indices of the soil microorganisms (p < 0.05), and the treatments resulted in significant differences in the β-diversity of the soil microorganisms. By NMDS analysis it was demonstrated that the treatment significantly affected the structure of the soil microbial communities. Redundancy analysis showed that the main physicochemical drivers behind these differences were total nitrogen, total potassium, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available potassium. The soil microbial communities in the control treatment were negatively correlated with nitrate and ammonium nitrogen; the lowest N-fertilizer treatment produced positive correlations with total nitrogen, total potassium, and total phosphorus and negative correlations with ammonium nitrogen; the highest dose negatively correlated with total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, and pH. This study showed that moderate N fertilizer application is an effective way to increase soil microbial diversity and improve soil quality. This experiment provides technical support for the application of the alternative fertilizer technology of straw return to the field and provides a theoretical basis for rational fertilization of paddy fields in a cold climate.

Organic fertilizers: influence of the dose on morphological and yield indicators in tomato

Organic fertilizers can be an alternative to reduce the use of conventional fertilization. Theobjective was to evaluate the effect of different doses of organic fertilizers onmorphological and yield indicators in tomato. The experiment was established under acompletely randomized design, with a bifactorial arrangement, where factor A was twogenotypes of tomato (LA-113 and H-67) and factor B, seven fertilizer treatments,integrating fourteen treatments with the combination of both factors. The experiment wasconducted commercially in beds, drip irrigation and pest and disease control, at the InstitutoTecnológico del Valle de Oaxaca, Nazareno Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca. It was determined thatthe effects of fertilization treatments had a greater determination in the response of theevaluated variables than the effects of genotypes and fertilization-genotype interaction. Theresults obtained show that inorganic fertilization favors greater plant height and precocity atflowering, fruiting and fruit ripening; however, the use of organic fertilization with a doseof 1.5 kg/plant bocashi and leached bocashi favors greater fruit size, average fruit weight,number and total weight of fruits per tomato plant.

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Leaf Litter Quality in a Plantation in Heilongjiang Province, China

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Leaf Litter Quality in a Plantation in Heilongjiang Province, China

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Bacterial Community and Citrus Quality in Yellow Soils of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau

To investigate the intrinsic driving mechanism of citrus yield and quality enhancement under different fertilizer applications, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of biochar （SW）, organic fertilizer （YJ）, farmyard manure （NJ）, chemical fertilizer （HF）, and no fertilizer as the control （CK） on soil physical and chemical properties, bacterial community characteristics, and citrus quality of citrus orchards in the yellow soil area of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The results showed that compared with those in the CK treatment, the yield, single fruit weight, edible rate, juice rate, vitamin C content, and soluble solids of citrus increased under the different fertilization treatments. In contrast, the titratable acid content of citrus decreased, resulting in an increase in the solid-acid ratio of citrus. Among the different fertilization treatments, the most significant effective treatment was SW. The SW and YJ treatments significantly increased the soil pH value, while the HF treatment decreased soil pH. Different fertilization treatments could increase the contents of soil organic matter, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The SW treatment exhibited the most obvious effect on the contents of soil hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The YJ treatment exhibited the most obvious effect on the soil organic matter content. The different fertilization treatments significantly affected soil bacterial community diversity and community structure, among which the SW treatment significantly increased the soil Chao1 index, observed species index, and Shannon index； optimized soil bacterial community structure； and made the bacterial symbiotic network simple and stable. By contrast, the HF treatment significantly decreased the soil Chao1 index, observed species index, and Simpson index and had less effect on bacterial community structure. Redundancy analysis showed that soil available potassium （96.47%）, Chao1 index （73.80%）, and Chujaibacter （55.92%） were the key factors in improving citrus yield and quality. Variance decomposition analysis indicated that the soil bacterial community structure was the largest contributor （17.00%） to the improvement in citrus yield and quality. In conclusion, fertilization can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase soil nutrient supply level, optimize bacterial community structure, and improve citrus yield and quality. Of these, biochar can be used as a priority for the fertilization and improvement of the soil in citrus orchards in the yellow soil area of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.

Impacts of Wastewater Irrigation on Soil in Wheat Production

The soil behavior is highly affected by wastewater irrigation. The sewage water as irrigation water can be explored in arid and semi-arid regions as alternate water resource. The safe utilization of treated wastewater does not only conserve freshwater resources but also helps in increasing agricultural production. In this direction, experiments focusing reuse of sewage effluent in the irrigation of wheat were conducted at the Campus of Nirma University, Ahmedabad. The experiment involved various treatments according to the application of sewage water, groundwater, and surface water in different blending ratios and various treatments according to the application of nitrogenous fertilizer with three replications. The soil conditions immediately after wheat cultivation are analyzed under said treatments. By analyzing F and P-value in hypothesis testing through two-factor analysis of variance, it was found that the main effects of irrigation treatment on electrical conductivity (EC), lead and manganese are significantm whereas the same on copper, zinc, and iron are nonsignificant at the 0.05 significance level. It is also observed that the main effects of fertilizer treatment on EC, lead, copper, zinc, manganese, and iron are non-significant at said significance level. . KEYWORDS :Sewage water, Groundwater, Surface water, Wheat, Heavy metals

Assessing water use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency and yield of Bhendi with 19:19:19 water-soluble fertilizer under drip irrigation

This study examines the effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of Bhendi. Field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, during the Rabi season of December 2023 to March 2024 because Bhendi thrives in warm temperatures and requires precise water management. Drip irrigation provides optimal growth conditions even in the cooler Rabi weather while minimizing water waste, especially in areas with limited water availability. The treatments included soil-based fertilizers and water-soluble fertilizers (WSF), applied alone or in combination with recommended doses of fertilizer (RDF). Among the treatments, T8, which applied 120 kg/ha of TNAU water-soluble fertilizer 19:19:19 with an additional 25 % RDF proved to be the most effective. It achieved the highest yield, WUE and NUE, demonstrating superior crop productivity and resource efficiency. In contrast, the absolute control treatment (T1), which received no fertilizer, resulted in the lowest yield, highlighting the importance of fertilization in enhancing crop performance. Treatment T5, which used 120 kg/ha of WSF, also showed high yield and good WUE but did not match the efficiency levels of T8. The study concludes that integrating high doses of water-soluble fertilizers with additional RDF through drip fertigation is the most effective strategy for optimizing yield and resource efficiency in Bhendi cultivation.

Long-Term Effects of Fertility Treatments on Maternal Health.

Background The long-term health effects of assisted reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization (IVF) and hormonal therapies, remain poorly understood. This highlights the need to investigate potential chronic conditions that may arise following treatment. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of fertility treatments on maternal health, with a focus on the incidence of chronic conditions and overall health outcomes in women who have undergone such treatments. Methodology This cross-sectional study included 180 women, aged 20-45, who had received fertility treatments and successfully delivered a live child. The research was conducted at Rehman Medical Institute and Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar, Pakistan, from January to December 2023. Data were collected through medical record reviews and structured interviews to assess long-term health outcomes, including cancer, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were applied using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0 (Released 2017; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05. Results The study included 180 participants with an average age of 34.5 years. Among them, 73 (40.56%) underwent hormone therapy, 81 (45.00%) used IVF, and 26 (14.44%) used intracytoplasmic sperm injection. All participants delivered live births, with 21 (11.67%) experiencing premature deliveries and 33 (18.33%) having multiple pregnancies. Key findings showed that nine (5.00%) developed cancer, 31 (17.22%) had metabolic disorders, and 24 (13.33%) developed cardiovascular disease. Overall, 146 (81.11%) participants reported excellent long-term health, while 34 (18.89%) had new diagnoses, including 12 (6.67%) with cardiovascular disease, 18 (10.00%) with metabolic disorders, and four (2.22%) with cancer. Additionally, 36 (20.00%) had preeclampsia, 21 (12.00%) experienced OHSS, and 12 (7.00%) developed gestational diabetes. Conclusions Despite most participants reporting excellent overall health, the study underscores the need for ongoing monitoring and management, as it reveals significant long-term health risks associated with fertility treatments.

Pengaruh Aplikasi Pupuk NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Wortel (Daucus carota L.)

Indonesia is one of the tropical countries that has a variety of plants including vegetables and fruits. One that has the largest production is carrots (Daucus carota L.). Carrots are a type of shrub-shaped vegetable plant, which grows upright with a height of 30-100 cm or more. Carrots (Daucus carota L.) are a tuberous vegetable type plant that is usually reddish yellow or yellowish orange with a wood-like texture. The edible part of a carrot is the bulb or root. The plant stores food reserves in the bulb. The stem is short, has a taproot that changes its shape and function into a round and elongated tuber. The skin of carrot bulbs is thin and if eaten raw, it feels crunchy and slightly sweet. Here's a picture of a carrot plant. One way to increase the yield of carrot plants is by increasing soil productivity, using the addition of NPK fertilizer. This study used a factorial randomized group design (RAK). For accuracy in this study, it was repeated 3 times. namely: NPK fertilizer (N) with 3 levels, namely: N0 = Control, N1 = 15 g/plot, and N2 = 25 g/plot. From the ANOVA test results, the variance of treatments that have a significant effect is continued with the Duncan DMRT test at the 5% level. The results of the ANOVA test showed that the effect of NPK fertilizer treatment on plant height 21 hst and 28 hst, the number of leaves had no significant effect, but the observation of the diameter of the base of the tuber, the fresh weight of the plant per sample and the fresh weight of the plant per plot had a significant effect. Keywords: NPK fertilizer, NPK dosage, and carrot plants

Vegetative Growth Analysis of Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea L) Consequences of Vermicompost and Urea Fertilizer Treatment

Research on Analysis of vegetative growth of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L) due to vermicompost and urea fertilizer treatment was carried out from April to July 2024 In West Lombok. This research aims to analyze: 1) vegetative growth of green mustard after urea fertilizer treatment, 2) vegetative growth of mustard greens after vermicompost treatment 3) the interaction effect of vermicompost and urea fertilizer treatment on the growth of green mustard. In the research a 2 factor design was used. Growth parameters of mustard greens measured were plant fresh weight, stem height, number of leaves and length of mustard green leaves. Data from measurements of all the growth parameters above were analyzed using analysis of variance. The results of the mustard green growth analysis showed that: (1) urea fertilizer treatment had a significant effect on fresh weight, plant height, number of leaves and leaf length of mustard greens, (2) vermicompost treatment had a significant effect on all mustard green growth parameters. (3) the interaction between urea and vermicompost fertilizer treatments did not have a real effect on the growth of mustard greens.

Pregnancy Outcomes in Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between adolescent and young adult (AYA) breast cancer (BC) and the adverse pregnancy outcomes of preterm birth, small for gestational age birth, cesarean delivery, and preeclampsia, and the effect of fertility treatment on this association. MethodsPopulation-based cohort study with universal coverage health data for Ontario, Canada. BC was identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry. All births >220 weeks gestation between April 2006 to March 2018 were included. Modified Poisson regression generated risk ratios between AYA BC and adverse pregnancy outcomes, adjusted for maternal characteristics. Models were stratified by fertility treatment. ResultsAmong 1 189 980 deliveries, 474 mothers had AYA BC history (exposed), while 1 189 506 had no cancer history (unexposed). AYA BC was associated with cesarean delivery (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.26; 95% CI 1.14–1.39). There was no association between AYA BC and other adverse outcomes. Modelling cesarean delivery subtypes, AYA BC was associated with increased risk of planned (aRR 1.27; 95% CI 1.08–1.49) and unplanned cesarean delivery (aRR 1.41; 95% CI 1.20–1.66). An increased risk of cesarean delivery in exposed persisted among singleton pregnancies (aRR 1.27; 95% CI 1.15–1.41), but not in models stratified by mode of conception (fertility treatment: aRR 1.07; 95% CI 0.84–1.36; unassisted conception: aRR 1.30; 95% CI 1.16–1.46). ConclusionsA history of AYA BC did not confer an elevated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, except for planned and unplanned cesarean delivery. The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes does not appear to be an indication for delayed pregnancy after AYA BC diagnosis.

Plant roots affect free-living diazotroph communities in temperate grassland soils despite decades of fertilization

Fixation of atmospheric N2 by free-living diazotrophs accounts for an important proportion of nitrogen naturally introduced to temperate grasslands. The effect of plants or fertilization on the general microbial community has been extensively studied, yet an understanding of the potential combinatorial effects on the community structure and activity of free-living diazotrophs is lacking. In this study we provide a multilevel assessment of the single and interactive effects of different long-term fertilization treatments, plant species and vicinity to roots on the free-living diazotroph community in relation to the general microbial community in grassland soils. We sequenced the dinitrogenase reductase (nifH) and the 16S rRNA genes of bulk soil and root-associated compartments (rhizosphere soil, rhizoplane and root) of two grass species (Arrhenatherum elatius and Anthoxanthum odoratum) and two herb species (Galium album and Plantago lanceolata) growing in Austrian grassland soils treated with different fertilizers (N, P, NPK) since 1960. Overall, fertilization has the strongest effect on the diazotroph and general microbial community structure, however with vicinity to the root, the plant effect increases. Despite the long-term fertilization, plants strongly influence the diazotroph communities emphasizing the complexity of soil microbial communities’ responses to changing nutrient conditions in temperate grasslands.

Endometriosis, Severe Maternal Morbidity, and the Effect of Infertility: Population-Based Cohort Study

This population-based cohort evaluated the association between endometriosis and severe maternal morbidity (SMM), and the mediating effect of infertility and fertility treatment. Included were all singleton deliveries in Ontario between 2006 and 2014. Modified Poisson regression generated adjusted relative risks. Mediation analysis estimated the direct effect of endometriosis and indirect effect through infertility and mode of conception. 787 449 deliveries were included (19 099, 2.4% with endometriosis). SMM occurred in 29.0 per 1000 deliveries among women with endometriosis, in contrast to 18.2 per 1000 deliveries among those without endometriosis—corresponding to an adjusted relative risk of SMM of 1.43 (95% CI 1.31–1.56). Mediation analysis demonstrated that the effect of endometriosis on SMM was independent of infertility or fertility treatment. We conclude that SMM in women with endometriosis appears to be due to the disease itself and not to infertility or related treatments.

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Addition to Vegetation and Soil Bacterial Communities in Saline-Alkali-Degraded Grassland with Photovoltaic Panels.

The Songnen grassland is an important resource for livestock production in China. Due to the intensification of anthropogenic activities in recent years, vegetation degradation has worsened, and the salinization of grassland has become increasingly serious, which severely affects the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry. In this study, organic fertilizer addition was carried out at saline-and-alkaline-degraded Songnen grassland sites with photovoltaic panels, and we investigated the effects of organic fertilizer treatments on the vegetation and soil bacteria in these areas. The results showed that both organic fertilizer treatments increased the community composition and diversity indices of plants (p < 0.05); they also had significant effects on soil electrical conductivity and rapidly available potassium (p < 0.05). In the dominant phylum of bacteria, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased without adding organic fertilizer under the photovoltaic panel; the addition of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Desulfobacterota (p < 0.05), reducing their relative abundance, respectively. There were differences in the number of bacteria at the genus level under different treatments compared to the control, with the highest enrichment of bacteria occurring at the OFE position, and a significant difference (p < 0.05) being found between the control and the other four groups at the genus level of g_norank_f_norank_o_Actinomarinales. Organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the bacterial Simpson diversity index, with the most significant increasing trend found in OFE (the front eaves of the photovoltaic panel in fertilization area). The results of a correlation analysis showed that pH, electrical conductivity, and total nitrogen were the main factors affecting the soil bacterial community.

Effect of fertilizer treatments on sugar beet cultivars: A comprehensive study on crop yield and nutrient contents of soil and plant in chestnut soil of Kazakhstan

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the growth, yield, and nutrient content of two sugar beet cultivars, Aksu (Kazakhstan) and Yampol (Poland), cultivated in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. The experiment was conducted using a complete randomized block design with three replicates, comprising six treatments: control (without fertilizer), N120P120K90, and N130P130K130 for both cultivars. The soil's physical and chemical properties were analyzed, revealing a foothill light chestnut soil with favorable nutrient levels. Results indicated that the N130P130K130 treatment significantly increased soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents, leading to enhanced sugar beet growth, nutrient uptake, and yield. Both cultivars responded positively to the increased nutrient levels, with the N130P130K130 treatment showing the highest yield of 785.6 tons/ha for Aksu and 802.5 tons/ha for Yampol. Furthermore, nutrient content in tubers and leaves was significantly higher in the N130P130K130 treatment compared to other treatments. These findings underscore the importance of balanced nutrient management tailored to specific cultivars for optimizing sugar beet productivity and soil fertility in diverse agro-climatic conditions. Adopting balanced mineral nutrient management approaches could offer promising solutions to enhance sugar beet productivity and sustainability. Future research should focus on exploring long-term effects and integrated nutrient management strategies for sustainable sugar beet cultivation.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Adverse Neonatal Outcomes Persist With Use of Fertility Treatment [ID 2683455

INTRODUCTION: Racial/ethnic health disparities are well documented, yet little is known about the effect of fertility treatment on disparities. This study assesses the relationship between fertility treatment and adverse neonatal outcomes by race/ethnicity. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was performed using National Vital Statistics (2012–2020) including singleton, non-anomalous births from 23 to 42 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome was an adverse neonatal composite outcome (ANCO) encompassing neonatal intensive care unit admission, assisted ventilation, seizures, and Apgar scores less than 7 at 5 minutes. Multivariable logistic regression assessed whether fertility treatment was associated with ANCO by race/ethnicity after adjusting for maternal age, gestational age at delivery, maternal body mass index, education status, insurance, and delivery year. RESULTS: Of 31,975,746 births meeting inclusion criteria, 414,716 (1.3%) were conceived with fertility treatment. Across the entire cohort, fertility treatment was associated with significantly increased odds of ANCO (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.44; 95% CI, 1.43–1.46). Prevalence of ANCO was highest for the non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) populations in both nonfertility and fertility treatment groups. Without fertility treatment, the Asian/Pacific Islander (API) and Hispanic groups had the lowest rates of ANCO at 8.3% and 8.9%, respectively. With fertility treatment, ANCO odds increased the most in API (aOR 1.61; 1.56–1.66) and Hispanic populations (aOR 1.60; 1.54–1.65). CONCLUSION: Fertility treatment is associated with approximately 1.5 times the odds of adverse neonatal outcomes across all racial/ethnic groups, with the greatest increase among the API and Hispanic populations. The NHB and AIAN groups experienced the highest overall rates of ANCO, supporting the need for targeted interventions for historically marginalized populations.

Analysis of Microbial Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Panax notoginseng under Different Water and Microbial Fertilizer Conditions

Panax notoginseng is a highly regarded medicinal plant that has obstacles associated with continuous cropping. Understanding soil microorganisms is crucial, as they play a major role in this regard. However, soil microorganisms are affected by multiple factors; therefore, we need to conduct more in-depth research. This study investigated the combined effects of irrigation and microbial fertilizer treatments (J1F1, J1F2, J2F1, J2F2, J3F1, J3F2, and CK) on the diversity of bacterial and fungal microbial communities in the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng. The bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq. The results showed that, without microbial fertilizer (CK), the microbial community abundance and diversity were significantly lower than in the other treatments; moreover, among the microbial fertilizer treatments, the microbial abundance in F1 was higher than that in F2. Under the same microbial fertilizer application, the incidence rate of Panax notoginseng root rot was J2 &gt; J1 &gt; J3, and the yield of Panax notoginseng was J3 &gt; J2 &gt; J1. Under the same irrigation conditions, the incidence rate of Panax notoginseng root rot was F1 &gt; F2, and the yield of Panax notoginseng was F2 &gt; F1. This study provides important guidance for Panax notoginseng plant microbiota and sustainable agriculture.

Influence of crop rotation, irrigation, fertilization, and tillage on the aggregate property and soil wind erosion potential in the floodplain of the Yellow River

The floodplain of the Yellow River (FPYR) is threatened by severe soil erosion. Soils are often susceptible to wind erosion owing to their coarse-textures and weak aggregation, yet studies are yet to describe the ability of soils to resist wind erosion in this region. Accordingly, this study aimed to quantify how soil wind erosion potential is affected by soil aggregate properties, such as dry aggregate geometric mean diameter (GMD), aggregate geometric standard deviation (GSD), aggregate stability, and soil bulk density, and to assess the effects of soil type, crop rotation, irrigation, fertilization, and tillage treatments on these aggregate properties in the main wind erosion area across the FPYR. Significant differences in GMD and aggregate stability were found between crop rotation treatments, whereas crop rotation marginally affected the soil bulk density. Further, the impact of management practices on aggregate properties differed for each soil type. The soil aggregate erodible fraction (EF) in the FPYR ranged from 1.14 to 82.73% across sites, with a mean of 26.14% across soil types and management practices, which was lower than that previously reported in other wind erosion regions. We incorporated these measured EFs into the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) to evaluate the wind erosion risk of the FPYR. The results indicated that the central FPYR was more susceptible to wind erosion than the other regions, although the total wind erosion potential in the FPYR was small. Adoption of soil conservation practices could help minimize wind erosion and improve atmospheric quality in the region.