Ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises Research Articles

Innovation in Steel-Making Cluster in the Russian Federation and Factors of Innovation Development

The article analyzes the current condition and latest changes that took place in the steel-making cluster of the Russian Federation. It describes key problems and challenges that faced enterprises producing goods of ferrous metallurgy during COVID-19 pandemic and since the beginning of the special war operation. Key steps of the government of the Russian Federation aimed at supporting the cluster and stimulating its development were provided. At the same time the role and place of the steel-making cluster in global and home production were studied. On the basis of statistics the author depicted production dynamics in the industry, the level of innovation activity at enterprises, analyzed the structure of innovation costs in the cluster and showed priority tasks facing producers of goods of ferrous metallurgy and promising trends of their functioning. It was pointed out that in line with the global trend aiming at ecological innovation goods of ferrous metallurgy in the near future shall meet principles of carbon neutrality and high power-efficiency. Meanwhile, the development of digital infrastructure at industrial enterprises shall play an important role. Apart from that, the article provided factors of innovation development affecting seriously the balanced progress of home enterprises of ferrous metallurgy.

The relationship of polymorphisms of the SOD2, NOS3 and SIRT1 genes with hypertension in employees of the converter workshop of the ferrous metallurgy enterprise

Workers employed in ferrous metallurgy enterprises are affected by various oxidants, which lead to increased formation of free radicals, suppression of the antioxidant system, initiation of oxidative stress and the development of diseases characterized by high blood pressure. In this regard, the identification of polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes that are associated with the formation and neutralization of free radicals is an important task of personalized medicine.
 The study aims to explore the relationship of polymorphisms rs4880 (SOD2), rs1799983 (NOS3) and rs7069102 (SIRT1) with hypertension in workers of the converter workshop.
 To conduct the research the authors used data from periodic medical examinations of men aged 30 to 59 years, including 116 employees of the converter shop and 169 representatives of administrative and managerial personnel (comparison group). Subsequently, we divided each group according to the principle of the presence or absence of a diagnosis of "hypertensive heart disease" (I11 according to ICD-10), established or confirmed during a periodic medical examination. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood using the Lumiere kit for the isolation of genomic DNA from whole blood and literal epithelium (Lumiprobe, Russia) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The scientists performed genotyping using the optical PCR system with real-time optical detection QuantStudio 3 (Thermo Fisher, USA) and ready-made commercial sets "SNP-Screen" (Syntol, Russia).
 The ratio of the chances of developing hypertension in the personnel of the converter shop was increased in carriers of mutant genotypes of the SOD2 (TT) gene. Also, the values of blood pressure, total cholesterol and glucose levels were higher in carriers of the mutant TT genotype of the SOD2 gene compared with CC/CT, but only in the group of converter shop workers with hypertension. In addition, in the comparison group with hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly differed, the values of which were higher in carriers of the mutant GG genotype of the SIRT1 gene.
 Presumably, an excess of superoxide anion in the TT genotype of the SOD2 gene, together with exposure to harmful environmental factors, may contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases in workers of the converter workshop.
 Ethics. The study was approved in accordance with Protocol No. 1 dated 02/26/2021 and the conclusion of the Local Ethics Committee of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Science "Yekaterinburg Medical Scientific Center for the Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers" of Rospotrebnadzor.

Reparations Withdrawals Of Metallurgical Equipment in Central and Eastern European Countries at Final Stage of Great Patriotic War (1944—1945)

This article is dedicated to the lesser-known aspects of Soviet policy regarding the compulsory seizure of industrial equipment in territories liberated by the Red Army from the fascist bloc states in 1944—1945. Based on an analysis of decrees by the State Defense Committee, the principles of interaction between representatives of industrial People’s Commissariats and military authorities in liberated territories are revealed, with the aim of dismantling and transporting the most promising industrial assets back to the USSR for the needs of restoring the country’s metallurgical complex. The paper provides examples of property disputes among leading economic entities — the industrial People's Commissariats of the USSR — over the right to dismantle industrial facilities for their own benefit. It also sheds light on the activities of Special Assembly Managements under the People’s Commissariat for Construction of the USSR and their authority in the process of seizing industrial assets in territories freed from German control in Eastern Europe. Using the case studies of non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy enterprises located in territories of fascist bloc countries (Germany, Hungary) liberated by the Red Army, typical approaches to organizing the compulsory dismantling of their equipment are analyzed. The research conducted vividly demonstrates the significance of reparations seizures of industrial equipment in Eastern Europe for the modernization and recovery of the USSR’s metallurgical complex during 1944—1945.

Study of the operation of the gas cleaning installation ferrous metallurgy enter-prises

To assess the quality of the environment on the territory of the ferrous metallurgy enterprise, the operation of oil-containing waste processing tanks was monitored for six years, followed by purification from aromatic hydrocarbons and mineral oil aerosols. Air (gas) sampling was carried out to study the amount of pollutants. In the studied samples, increased concentrations of benzene, xylene, toluene, ethylbenzene, mineral oil were found. Measurements of gas performance at the inlet and outlet of the gas cleaning plant were also performed. The temperature of the purified gas was measured; the consumption of water (solution) for irrigation was measured. The study period is from 2015 to 2020. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, a continuous release of pollutants into the atmosphere was found. To reduce the concentration of air pollutants, measures have been proposed to increase the efficiency of the gas cleaning plant.

Analysis of the possibility of replacing carbon with hydrogen in the conditions of smelting cast iron from vanadium-containing titanomagnetites

75 % of the total carbon dioxide emissions by ferrous metallurgy enterprises is generated in the blast furnace process. One of the directions of CO2 emission reduction in pig iron production is partial replacement of carbon monoxide with hydrogen as a reducing agent. It is shown that such a replacement can lead to a decrease in the total carbon consumption due to reduction of heat consumption for the direct reduction of iron oxides. Using a mathematical model of the blast furnace process, the efficiency of partial replacement of process fuel (coke, natural gas, pulverized coal) with a hydrogen additive was evaluated. Calculations were performed for the operating conditions of blast furnaces of EVRAZ NTMK JSC, which melt vanadium-containing titanomagnetites. The coefficients of process fuel replacement with hydrogen and the coefficients of the influence of the replacement of process fuel with hydrogen on the change in CO2 emissions are calculated. The dependence of the change in the productivity of the furnace on the consumption of hydrogen at a constant minute flow rate of the blast and its adjustment to maintain the pressure drop has been established. It is shown that in the absence of gas dynamics reserves, the replacement of process fuel with hydrogen will be accompanied by a decrease in furnace productivity. The smelting of pig iron from titanomagnetites with the replacement of technological fuel with hydrogen will complicate the refining of melting products due to an increase in the formation of titanium carbides and carbonitrides. The reduction in CO2 formation at hydrogen entering the blast furnace with natural gas is 0.35 kg/m3 compared to pure hydrogen replacement of 0.73 kg/m3, not taking into account CO2 emission during hydrogen production

Хімічні канцерогени у навколишньому середовищі України: ризик для населення, шляхи попередження, удосконалення гігієнічного регламентування

The purpose of this work was to determine the carcinogen-hazardous factors in the environment and the criteria for assessing their danger to the population in modern conditions (pre-war period). Materials and methods of research: reports of research works of the Laboratory of Hygiene of Carcinogenic Factors and Nanomaterials of the SI «O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health, NAMS of Ukraine» and own publications over the past 5 years. Bibliosemantic, analytical, hygienic and medical-statistical methods were used to process the materials. Results. The analysis of field and analytical studies has shown that over the past 20-25 years old, against the backdrop of a reduction in industrial emissions, the volume of use of plant protection products and plant products in agricultural activity has increased significantly, and in everyday life – household chemicals, cosmetics, etc., most of which contain specific substances – endocrine disruptors. It was shown that over the years, the rate of increase in the rate of cancer of the endocrine organs (cancer of the mammary, thyroid, prostate glands), uterine body and ovaries increases. The obtained data indicate a trend towards rejuvenation of oncological diseases of hormone-dependent organs. The danger of atmospheric air pollution in cities has been studied; a comparative assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk for the population in a highly industrialized city with a complex of ferrous metallurgy enterprises and a city where there are no specific sources of pollution was carried out. It was concluded that for study of environmental issues regarding the state of the air environment, it is sufficient to use hygienic indicators - maximum permissible concentrations and total pollution indicators, while for the assessment of the impact on human health, the use of risk indicators is more adequate. This raises the question of the compliance of domestic hygienic (medical and sanitary) regulations with international risk indicators. This is especially true for factors with mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. The analysis of risk indicators for a number of carcinogenic substances included in the domestic regulatory and methodological bases at the level of their maximum permissible concentrations proved that the standards for atmospheric air according to the international classification scale correspond to an acceptable risk (1 - 104) for only 26% of substances, and for air of the working area - 45% of substances. Consequently, most of the hygienic standards, both in the atmospheric air of populated areas and in the air of the working area, according to international standards, do not meet the safety requirements for the population and need to be revised using international approaches and focusing on the risk criteria for the development of neoplasms due to the action of individual compounds. Conclusions: the real air pollution in populated areas poses a certain danger to the population and requires preventive measures to reduce it. The currently existing national regulatory framework for the permissible content of carcinogenic substances in the air environment (atmospheric air and air of the working area) does not meet the requirements of the EU and the USA.

Institutionalization of ESG-principles at the international level and in the Russian Federation, their impact on ferrous metallurgy enterprises. Part 2

Currently, a new development trend is being formed in the world associated with the decarbonization of economies. This process is based on the institutionalization of ESG-principles – an approach to doing business, characterized by the involvement of companies in solving environmental, social and governance problems. The process of institutionalization of ESG-principles at the international level was initiated in 1948 with the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights under the auspices of the UN. The active involvement of Russia in the formation of the institutional framework in the field of ESG has begun only in 2020. The reason for this was the ratification of a number of international documents, as well as the active promotion of climate policy by many countries of the world. The stages of the institutionalization process at the international level discussed in detail in Report 1. The decarbonization of economies creates development risks for industries whose products are characterized by high carbon and energy intensity. Ferrous metallurgy also belongs to them. This report presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of measures taken by the Russian Government in the field of reducing atmospheric air pollution in large industrial centers of the ferrous metallurgy based on data from the Unified Information System for Monitoring Air Quality, as well as the results of an analysis of the ESG-practices of the largest Russian ferrous enterprises and compliance with carbon intensity and energy intensity of their products according to the criteria of sustainable (including green) development projects established in our country. As a result of the study, it was found that despite the use of ESG-principles in their activities, the specific emissions of CO2-equivalent of the largest iron and steel enterprises significantly exceed the criteria for sustainable (including green) development projects established by the Russian Government.

Institutionalization of ESG-principles at the international level and in the Russian Federation, their impact on ferrous metallurgy enterprises. Part 1

The idea of ESG (Environmental – Social – Governance) is based on the concept of sustainable development and represents a fundamentally new approach to making business, characterized by the involvement of companies in solving environmental, social and management problems. Despite the fact that at the international level, the formation of an institutional framework in the field of ESG was initiated 74 years ago, in our country this process was launched only in 1996 with the adoption of the Concept for the Transition of the Russian Federation to Sustainable Development. Ratification by Russia of a number of international documents – the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992), the Kyoto Protocol (1997), the Paris Agreement on Climate (2015) and the active promotion climate policy by most countries of the world aimed at preserving ozone in the atmosphere layer, necessitated the institutionalization of ESG principles at the national level. The activation of this process took place in 2020 and by mid-2021, the national framework in the field of ESG was created. Ferrous metallurgy is one of the basic sectors of the national economy. The discrepancy of ferrous metallurgy enterprises with the ESG criteria, as well as the high carbon and energy intensity of the products of this industry, in the future may cause the loss of sales markets and disruption of sustainable development. The stages of institutionalization of ESG principles at the international level and in the Russian Federation are considered. The necessity of reducing the carbon intensity and energy intensity of ferrous metallurgy products is substantiated in connection with the emerging global trend – the transition of most countries of the world to a low-carbon economy due to the gradual abandonment of coal energy and the gradual cessation of «inefficient» subsidizing of fossil fuels.

Polymorphism of the ApoE gene as a risk factor of obesity in workers exposed to occupational hazards at ferrous metallurgy enterprises

Obesity contributes to the development of severe concomitant diseases and substantially degrades the quality of life. This pathological condition is caused by multiple risk factors including hazardous workplace exposures and genetic predisposition. The ApoE gene participates in regulation of lipid metabolism. Its most significant polymorphisms are rs429358 and rs7412 with the resulting е2, е3 and е4 alleles. This study did not consider effects of electromagnetic fields generated by office electrical equipment or the lifestyle of the subjects. The sample included people with a large age difference due to the rarity of the apolipoprotein е2 and е4 alleles. The sample was not standardized by age and years of work experience. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the ApoE gene polymorphisms and body mass index in workers employed at a metallurgic plant. We examined 328 male office workers and workers of a converter workshop. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on the results of instrumental measurements of weight and height using the conventional formula. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood using the LumiPure DNA gel extraction kit, and polymorphisms were determined using amplification by Calero et al with modifications and horizontal agarose gel electrophoresis. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal – Wallis test. Statistically significant differences were established in the blue-collar workers. The highest mean BMI value was established in the e2 allele carriers. We found that people with the e2 allele in their genotype were more prone to obesity. We also assume a potential association between the unsafe work environment and a more pronounced manifestation of the phenotype. These findings can be used for identifying individuals at risk and taking timely preventive measures.

Possibilities of applying ESG-principles and methods of climate financing in the management practice of ferrous metallurgy enterprises

Possibilities of applying ESG-principles and methods of climate financing in the management practice of ferrous metallurgy enterprises

Atomic Emission Analysis in the AC Arc of Heavy Metals in Deposits of Petrochemical Industries

Environmental pollution with heavy metals is one of the most pressing problems, due to a wide range of negative effects of heavy metals, including a detrimental effect on vegetation, soil, as well as degradation of the ecosystem as a whole. Sources of heavy metals pollution are mining and ferrous metallurgy enterprises, petrochemical plants, machine-building plants. Determination of the content and concentration of heavy metals in the current environmental situation is more than relevant for assessing the quality of the environment. Currently, there are two main groups of analytical methods for the determination of heavy metals: electrochemical and spectrometric methods. Atomic emission analysis in an alternating current arc is a powerful method of qualitative analysis of heavy metals in deposits of petrochemical industries, thanks to the ability to simultaneously determine directly in powder up to 70 macro- and microelements with detection limits up to millionths. As part of this work, patent studies were conducted to determine the technical level and identify scientific and technical developments.

ESG-повестка: новые реалии для российских предприятий черной металлургии в условиях мирового геополитического кризиса

The article examines the conditions for the implementation of the ESG agenda in Russian ferrous metallurgy enterprises during the global geopolitical crisis. The subject is the condition of the largest Russian ferrous metallurgy enterprises under US and EU sanctions. The goal is to study the relevance and capability for the implementation of the ESG principies by the largest Russian ferrous metallurgy enterprises. The research uses methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison; descriptive, table methods. The sanctions have had a significant impact on the carbon-intensive sectors of the national economy, including the ferrous metallurgy industry. Even before the events of February 2022, the promotion of ESG principles at the international level was used as an instrument of political and economic pressure. Despite the efforts of Russian iron and steel producers, the amount of CO2 equivalent emissions is largely determined by economic, political, and other factors. For the successful implementation of the ESG agenda, it is necessary to radically restructure the technological chains of steel production, which requires financial support from the state. In addition to reorientation to the Asian market and the countries of the Middle East, it is necessary to conduct ESG assessments of Russian ferrous metallurgy enterprises. However, most likely, the results of the assessments of domestic ESG providers, will not be in demand.

Powdery mildews fungi of trees of Karaganda, Balkhash and Temirtau cities

Karaganda region is a major industrial center of our country. In such cities of the region as Karaganda,Temirtau and Balkhash there are large enterprises of ferrous metallurgy, construction, chemical JSC “ArcelorMittal Temirtau”, JSC “Temirtau Electrometallurgical Combine”, LLP “Ecominerals”, JSC “CentralAsia Cement”, “Agat-Service” LLP, JSC “Kazakhstan Invest Comir”, LLP “Kazakhmys Corporation”, LLP “MMC Kazpolymetal”, Metal-Kit Karaganda, LLP “Mining and Metallurgical Combine”, Nonferrous metals processing plant, etc. All technogenic factors lead to a decrease in plant productivity and often to their death. The dynamics of seasonal development of phytopathogenic fungi depends on meteorological conditions. Changes in the dynamics of factors corresponding to the season of the year occur in the habitat of the species. Phytopathogenic fungi also directly depend on their own host-plants, the conditions of their development and the growing season. The article presents information about the types of powdery fungi affecting various types of trees growing in parks and squares of the cities of Karaganda, Balkhash, Temirtau. 4 species of trees affected by powdery mildew were analyzed. And during the study, the following types of phytopathogenic fungi were identified at various stages of development: Uncinula aceris Sacc., Microsphaera betulae Magnus, Microsphaera penicillata (Wallroth.) Leveille, Uncinula salicis Winter f. populorum Rabenhorst. Phytopathogenic fungi of trees growing in parks and squares of the industrial cities of Temirtau and Balkhash were studied for the first time.

INVESTMENT POLICY OF A METALLURGICAL COMPANY IN THE CONTEXT OF STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY

In the context of unprecedented geopolitical sanctions against our state, the actualization of strategic goals and objectives for the restructuring of all economic relationships comes to the fore in the development of economic entities. This, first of all, refers to the investment policy of the backbone links of the domestic economy, including ferrous metallurgy enterprises. The article analyzes the economic essence of investment policy and its constituent elements. The authors propose to consider the investment policy as a key element of the economic strategy of metallurgical companies, focused on the continuous process of innovation. With the help of the extended marketing tool PESTEL-analysis, a study of the parameters of the external investment environment of PJSC «Severstal» was conducted. This made it possible to more accurately identify the existing limitations of the effective implementation of the company's investment policy. Using the SWOT analysis method made it possible to consider the strengths and weaknesses of the company's investment environment and determine their relationship. The obtained results of the analysis formed the basis of four protostrategies, which are characterized as preliminary versions of the existing strategic goals of PJSC «Severstal» and take into account the identified advantages and disadvantages of the investment environment. The proposed protostrategies are based on taking into account the influence of a combination of factors from the external and internal environment to minimize the negative effects of the identified threats. Currently, the metallurgical industry should develop due to the timely updating of investment policy in accordance with the strategy of the companies, which will not reduce investment activity despite the problems in attracting investment and restrictions on equipment imports.

Forecasting of electricity consumption by industrial enterprises with a continuous nature of production based on the principal component method (PCA)

Forecasting the consumption of electrical energy is important to improve its efficiency and, as a result, to improve the competitiveness of manufactured products by reducing the share of electricity costs in the cost of production. When determining the forecast indicators of electricity consumption by industrial enterprises, it is advisable to use modern high-precision forecasting methods that ensure the minimum value of the forecast error. Each enterprise must preliminarily determine, with the greatest possible accuracy, the amount and schedule of electricity consumption and then strictly adhere to them, thereby minimizing penalties and fines. The article deals with the issues of forecasting power consumption by industrial enterprises (on the example of a metallurgical enterprise) using the enlarged block diagram of the algorithm for predicting power consumption by the method of principal components (PCA) developed by the authors. Comparisons of the actual and predicted power consumption according to the developed model are made. The adequacy of the model is confirmed by small discrepancies between the actual and forecast data. This allows it to be used in determining the predicted values of power consumption parameters at ferrous metallurgy enterprises.

Formation of development programs with multi-purpose projects at ferrous metallurgy enterprises

The improvement of management mechanisms for the formation and calendar planning of development programs is the most important direction for improving the productivity (achievement of goals) and efficiency (reduction of the amount of resources consumed) of the activities of metallurgical companies. Currently, it is necessary to ensure the mobilization of companies’ assets to solve the tasks of their sustainable development. The task of forming a program for the development of a metallurgical enterprise (company) is considered. The program includes several different areas of development: improvement of existing business processes (sales, supply, production, repair of equipment, etc.), production technologies of various stages (production of coke, agglomerate, cast iron, steel, rolled products), implementation of digital transformation tasks, etc. Each of the directions of the development program contains projects described by effect, size of investments, changes in the expenditure items of operating budget related to the costs of operating those systems and processes that the project is aimed at improving, as well as an indicator describing the risk of project implementation. One of the directions of the development program may include multi-purpose projects, the implementation of which leads not only to changes in its own performance indicators, but also to changes in the performance indicators of projects of other (non-multi-purpose) directions of such development program. The case is considered when management of the development program includes the management of the overall budget and achievement of overall goal of the program (the maximum effect from implementation of all projects). At the same time, project risk management and changes in the operating budget are implemented at the level of project portfolio management of individual program areas (there are no restrictions on risks and changes in the operating budget common to the development program). The stated formalizations of the problems, their decomposition and composition schemes, and the developed procedures for solving individual subtasks are based on the provisions and methods of the theories of system analysis and a new section of discrete mathematics (network programming).

Making Development Programs with Multipurpose Projects at Enterprises of Ferrous Metallurgy

Making Development Programs with Multipurpose Projects at Enterprises of Ferrous Metallurgy

Assessment of a Metallurgical Plant Impact on the Sea of Azov

Ferrous metallurgy enterprises have a negative impact on the air, soil, and water environment. The activities of metallurgy enterprises include a wide range of production processes (from the extraction of metals from ores to obtaining finished products) and is associated with the formation of a large amount of waste. Industrial wastewater discharge is the main source of aquatic area pollution. An assessment of the impact of wastewater discharged from the Azovstal Iron & Steel Works metallurgical plant on the state of the coastal waters of the Sea of Azov near Mariupol (Ukraine) is presented in the article. The assessment was carried out in accordance with the current Ukrainian legislation and the adopted methodology for water state assessment. The assessment was based on the available monitoring data of sea water in the area of wastewater discharges in the period 2016–2020. The assessment was carried out using the aggregated numerical indices, as well as taking into account the “limiting criterion principle”. Such a methodological approach allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the sea water quality class as well as its sanitary and ecological condition. The results of the assessment allowed us to ascertain the negative impact of industrial wastewater from the metallurgical plant on the coastal zone of the Azov Sea, which made it unsuitable for communal and recreational purposes.

DIGITALIZATION OF THE WORK OF METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISES AS THE BASIS OF THEIR FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

Modernization of industrial enterprises in order to increase their financial performance is one of the primary tasks of any state. One of the decisive success factors for the sectors of the national economy is the use of digital technologies. The article substantiates the relevance of digitalization of ferrous metallurgy enterprises, clarifies the specifics of these processes for this industry, identifies and characterizes the main problems and obstacles to digitalization of domestic and global enterprises in the metallurgical industry; revealed their digital potential, quantitative and qualitative capabilities; the value chain of a digital metallurgical enterprise has been investigated. A holistic approach to large-scale digital transformation of the business model of a metallurgical enterprise is characterized.

Improving the efficiency of emergency control systems for future-oriented connection of sources of distributed generation

Improvement of energy-intensive technological processes of industrial enterprises requires increasing the reliability and efficiency of power supply of consumers. In this regard, one of the priority areas associated with introduction of the sources of distributed generation is mainstreamed in energy industry. This trend has both beneficial and negative impacts. It makes difficult to control normal, emergency, and post-emergency modes of power supply systems of enterprises of ferrous metallurgy. When new sources of distributed generation are introduced under the conditions of complex closed-loop power supply system, it is necessary to assess the level of short-circuit currents to check the electrical equipment and residual voltages across the busbars of the consumers of ferrous metallurgy. Also, it is necessary to determine the critical time of generators dropping and evaluate the stability in case of isolated operation. An algorithm has been developed for automated search of a dividing point in case of an emergency and isolated operation depending on the power balance to maintain stability. It is based on a combination of the method of successive network reduction and step-by-step method. To improve the reliability of essential consumers, the authors have developed an algorithm for automatic search for the dividing point during operation of emergency control system depending on the power balance to maintain stability. The authors have developed proprietary software to assess the effectiveness of emergency automation equipment of multi-level complex closed-loop power supply system of metallurgical enterprise. Performed calculations and analysis of emergency and post-emergency modes are designed to develop a comprehensive approach of a set of measures to ensure the reliability and stability of essential consumers in the mode of automatic search.