Ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF ELEC SIS OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION RA Y CONSUMPTION RATIONING A TIONING AT ENTERPRISES FERROUS METALLURGY

Electricity consumption regulation is the primary technical basis for energy consumption planning. Electricity consumption is regulated in the form of specific electricity consumption per unit of production or per unit of work performed. Specific energy consumption rate is understood as the consumption of electricity necessary and sufficient to produce a unit of production or to perform a unit of work in the planned conditions of production and operation. Electricity saving takes place if its actual specific consumption is comparable with progressive norms developed on the basis of introduction of new equipment and technology into production, rational operation of technological equipment and electrical installations. One of the main directions of improvement of rationing is the choice of rationing structure taking into account the objective assessment of actual energy resources saving. The article shows the rationing of electricity consumption in the production of finished products at the enterprises of ferrous metallurgy, in particular, at the electric steelmaking industry. The results of the analysis of the state of electricity consumption rationing in the ferrous metallurgy industry are given. The developed multilevel structure of electricity consumption rationing based on the results of the study, which gives the prospects of determining the possibility of energy saving at the object under consideration, is described.

Medical service as a part of everyday life of workers of the ferrous metallurgy enterprises in the first half of 1950s.

The aim of the study is to analyze medical aid given to the workers of ferrous metallurgy enterprises in the first half of the 1950s. Primary medical unit provided medical aid for workers of the ferrous metallurgical enterprises. Because of the lack of medical unit at the metallurgical plant or because there was no medical institutions in the organizational structure of the medical unit, local medical institutions provided the workers with medical care. During the first half of the 1950s, was the problem of the lack of medical staff in the medical institutions caused by insufficient material and household support. It did not allow implementing the shop principle of medical service of metallurgists. At the enterprises, individual shops did not have a factory’s sectorial doctor, or the number of workers assigned to a factory’s sectorial doctor exceeded the norm. Because the local hospitals, which controlled the health post at the ferrous metallurgy enterprises of the Zaporizhzhya region, were placed at a considerable distance, ‘the shop principle’ was not implemented there at all. The personnel problem also affected the formation of queues, which were a characteristic feature of the medical care provided to the workers. Work overload of physicians led to a quick examination of the patients, resulting in mistakes in the diagnosis. Contrary to accepted laws aimed at improving the quality of diagnosis, the periodic medical examinations of workers were not always carried out qualitatively, and the medical examination was carried out in a number of plants partly. In the first half of the 1950s the enterprises of the ferrous metallurgy of Zaporizhzhya region had a problem that the medical institutions were on a far distance and the percentage of patients needed medical help reduced. Lack of hospital beds had caused the untimely hospitalization of patients that prevented recovery of their. Many of the medical institutions were located in the old or non-specialized buildings with limited space, stove heating and primitive food units, without household premises and sewage. Characteristic of the medical services of metallurgists were depreciation of the material fund of medical institutions, lack of medicines, medical equipment. Not all medical institutions were provided with ambulances. There were cases of refusal to leave for a challenge or untimely provision of emergency care. It was concluded that the level of medical services given to the metallurgists in the first half of the 1950s was insufficient, despite the fact that they were workers of one of the leading branches of the Soviet economy.

ANALYSIS OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF FERROUS METALLURGY ENTERPRISES BASED ON THE SCHEME OF DECOMPOSITION

The task of determining specific electricity consumption is complex, as it is necessary to take into account a large number of factors affecting the energy indicators that determine the level of these indicators. At the same time, the type and technical condition of the main and auxiliary process equipment in the process of melting, the nomenclature of metal, the volume of consumed components of the process and secondary energy carriers (compressed air, nitrogen, oxygen and other auxiliary components), etc. are taken into account. The error in taking these factors into account may lead to deviations from the actual values of the predicted power consumption, as well as energy indicators. The energy intensity of products and the level of energy consumption also depends on changes in the structure of energy consumption, the latter depending on the need for such process components as compressed air, oxygen, nitrogen, etc. The article considers the results of the analysis of energy indicators of enterprises of ferrous metallurgy, in particular, electrosmelting shop by types of output products on the basis of decomposition scheme. It is shown that the set task is solved by means of construction of dependences of normative energy characteristics on the volume of output products, and also the final decomposition tree is formed - the tree of tasks designed to achieve solutions of energy problems, including the main one - to obtain the value of specific energy consumption. In addition, the article presents the method of determining the share of participation of auxiliary components of the technological process for example of compressed air, nitrogen and oxygen. At calculations the account of the above-stated components gives the chance to define more precisely specific expense of the electric power.

Problems of Reconstruction of Ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises

The article gives the characteristics of the ferrous metallurgy enterprises with a very high density of placement. As part of such enterprises, there is a large number of multipurpose buildings and structures with complicated space-planning and design solutions and the same time these areas are saturated by underground and transport communications. During the reconstruction of these facilities, the large volumes of works are provided including earthworks, making massive foundations under equipment, reinforcement of reinforced concrete and metal constructions, dismantling and assembling of technological and electrical equipment, special construction works. Performing of reconstructive works requires coordination of their solutions with service departments of the enterprises. In particular, for major industries there were highlighted features that must be considered when drafting and coordinating solutions. The biggest difficulty is mounting of various technological and electrical equipment, devices and means of automation (ranged from heavy equipment to the finest contemporary domain of electronic systems of management of production processes). When this enlarger assembly of heavy equipment is carried out in extremely camped in size sights in the vicinity of the existing slag removers for casting iron, the installation and commissioning of automation tools are manufactured with running technological equipment with its short-term halt or without any. Solution of these problems requires careful shaping options for the organization of construction and installation works on the basis of focused iterating through possible reconstruction methods, priority reconstruction of technological processing shops, the sequence of execution of works, taking into account the technologically possible combination of them. The authors propose the formula for the calculation of the overall duration of the reconstruction project including the duration of the preparatory and main periods, taking into account before stopping period, stopping and after stopping periods.The article highlights the features of realization of solutions for the main period of reconstruction of the enterprises and make suggestions on implementation of works and replacement of equipment for agglomeration shops, coke oven batteries, steelmaking shops, rolling shops and blast furnaces. The article also focuses on the ways of safety production work during the reconstruction of the ferrous metallurgy enterprises.

Улавливания диоксида углерода щелочными растворами в трубчатом абсорбере

Commercially gas emission purification at thermoelectric power stations, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, and cement and chemical plants is performed by multistage system with filters and cyclones, which trap solid particles, as well as by using different absorptive and adsorptive methods. A possibility of use a tubular absorption column for carbon dioxide trapping is considered in this work.

RESOURCE BASIS OF NON-ORE RAW MATERIAL FOR METALLURGY IN UKRAINE: THE MODERN STATE, PERSPECTIVES

Problem Statement and Purpose . Approved in 2012, the National Program for the Development of the Ukrainian Mineral Resources Base for the period up to 2030 now needs to be adjusted due to a number of adverse factors, such as: reduction of the volume of budget financing of exploration works, exclusion from the territory of Ukraine of certain commodity regions (occupied regions of the Donbas, Crimea), the creation of these causes imbalances in the development of the country’s raw materials base, etc. Proceeding from the above, the purpose of the article is to estimate the current state of supply of the metallurgical industry with non-metallic raw materials, to characterize its main bases, their geological confinement, stocks and resources, mining enterprises that develop them, prospects for expanding the existing raw material base of metallurgical enterprises, the need for import of certain types of raw materials. The object of the study in the article is non-metallic raw material for metallurgy in Ukraine. The subject of the study is the territorial location of the raw materials bases of the main kinds of nonmetallic raw materials for metallurgy, their reserves and resources, proximity to consumers, the current state of exploitation, prospects for increasing reserves of raw materials of explored deposits, and ensuring the availability of metallurgical enterprises with the existing raw material base. Data & Methods . The basis for writing the article was the materials of the State Research and Production Enterprise «State Geoinformation Fund of Ukraine», analysis of subsoil use in the state, literary publications, information on geological study, mineral extraction, annual reports of SSPE «Geoinform of Ukraine», which are accessible to the general public, literary publications, etc. The analysis of primary materials used general scientific methods of research – cartographic, comparativegeographical, system analysis, classifications, and others. Results . Flux raw materials in Ukraine are represented by limestone, dolomite and fluoric spar; refractory raw materials – refractory clay, magnesite, quartzite and high alumina minerals (silimanite, diston, andalusite). Forming raw materials are sand forming and bentonite clay. The article analyzes their current state: balance reserves, annual extraction, provision of extractive enterprises with explored reserves, prospects of providing non-ferrous raw materials of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy enterprises. The conclusions are made in particular: 1) about the need to replace flux raw materials from the occupied regions of the Donetsk region by limestones and dolphins of Podillya, which were explored for the needs of the construction industry; 2) the possibility of replacing scarce fluoride (fluorite) with staurolite; 3) it was stated that sufficient metallurgical enterprises were provided with explored reserves of quartzite and molding sand, characterized areas of their extraction, prospects for increasing stocks and resources; 4) it is noted that the volumes of extraction in Ukraine of bentonite clays make up about 5% of the real needs of metallurgical enterprises, etc.

Город как объект эколого-экономических исследований: пример российских городов

The growth of environmental pollution especially in big cities dictates the need to search for the reasons of this trend, most of which refer to the economic sphere. The aim of this work is not only to describe the state of environment in Russian cities with the population of 100 thousand inhabitants and more, but also to reveal the main economic factors that influence on the intensity of their environmental pollution. The ecological and economic analysis of Russian cities, fulfilled in this work, helped to identify the most unfavourable of them in terms of the level of environmental impact. The low quality of environment in these cities is largely due to natural and climatic conditions (bad conditions for contaminants dispersion) and specifics of their economic development: functioning of large industrial enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, petro chemistry, construction industry. The conclusion is that to improve the environmental quality in these cities comprehensive social, environmental and economic solutions are required.

Innovative Production of Polyvinychloride on the Basis of Vertical Integration of Business and Cluster Organisation

The paper presents the results of the research of the world and Russian market of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a comparative assessment is made and the similarities and differences of these segments at the present have been identified. The theoretical possibility of considerable prospects of the development of domestic production of PVC is justified, ensure that it can achieve import substitution and export substitutionof this product in Russia. Based on the theoryof value chains and cluster organization of the enterprises of coal and chemical industries, ferrous metallurgy and other enterprises of Kuzbass have been proposed new technological solutions for the production of PVC, taking into account regional features of naturalresource base and capacity of national and world markets. It is established that the organization of production of PVC, using coal chemistry technology can be a promising growth point for the business of the Kemerovo region, will help to diversify the coal industry, to expand its product structure and export potential of the region, increase its competitiveness.

PRODUCTION OF POLYVINYLCHLORIDE WITHIN VERTICAL INTEGRATION OF ENTERPRISES IN FERROUS METALLURGY

The results of research of the world and Russian markets of polyvinylchloride (PVC) are presented, their comparative estimation was carried out and similarities and differences of these segments were revealed at the present stage. It is noted that carbide technology, realized in PVC production process, can be competitive within cooperation of metallurgical, coal-mining and energy enterprises located in the same region, by reducing the costs of logistics associated with reduced transportation distances and production costs of raw materials. Theoretical possibility of significant prospects for development of domestic production of PVC, ensuring achievement of import and export substitution of this product in the Russian Federation was substantiated. On the basis of vertical integration of the enterprises of ferrous metallurgy with other coal-mining and processing enterprises of Kuzbass, new technological solutions for PVC production using combined method were developed. To evaluate feasibility of acetylene production technologies, taking into account economic costs, factorial analysis method was used, which makes it possible to estimate economic costs of production within enterprises cooperation. It is significant that enterprises of metallurgical complex use not only methane as raw material, obtained from coal seams and delivered in liquefied form, but also coke oven gas as a by-product of the main coke-chemical production. Carbide acetylene can compete with ethylene as a raw material for vinyl chloride production if its cost does not exceed more than 40 % the cost of ethylene. Studies carried out in close connection with carbon chemistry make it possible to contribute to development of multistage PVC synthesis technologies based on cooperation of a number of chemical and metallurgical industries. It was established that organization of polyvinylchloride production using carbon-chemical technologies can become a promising growth point and play a role of pulling project for the business in the Kemerovo region, allow diversification of the production of metallurgical enterprise, expand product structure and export opportunities of “Koks” PJSC.

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF FERROUS METALLURGY IN RUSSIA: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

consequences for the socio-economic development of the country in the future. As a way out of this situation, a radical modernization of the economy and individual industries with the development of the knowledge economy is proposed. This article analyzes trends in innovative development of the steel industry. Based on the technological waves as suggested by S.Y. Glazyev the authors characterize several periods in the development of metallurgical industry and accumulation of industry knowledge.The modern process of innovation is not possible without the application of knowledge management. In this regard, the article describes the process of knowledge management as one of activation of innovation areas in the steel industry. The features of knowledge management in enterprises are presented. An overview of the current practice of knowledge management at the largest enterprises of Russian ferrous metallurgy is provided. In order to prevent stagnation and decline of the largest city- and system-generating enterprises of Russia the authors propose to create a branch mechanism of knowledge management in the steel industry, based on cooperation, public-private partnerships and cooperation with scientific and educational centers. Successful implementation of the mechanism developed by the authors can help to overcome the crisis in the iron and steel industry and raise it to a new level in the innovation economy.

Innovative activity in the steel industry in Russia and abroad: similarities and differences

The paper presents similarities and differences of innovative activity of ferrous metallurgy enterprises in Russia and abroad, The metallurgical companies have been studied that have succeeded in innovations . The paper analyzes the system of work with innovations in foreign steel mills and sets out the main directions of the analysis such as: what is the base of the system, the main directions of foreign steel industry activity, where lay the attention foci. The paper defines the type of model of innovative development of foreign iron and steel enterprises and identifies measures to stimulate innovation in the Russian enterprises. The article discloses the advantage of foreign steel companies in work with innovation, shows, how to activate the innovative activity at the enterprises of ferrous metallurgy of Russia, picks out the promising innovative projects. The study provides examples how the work with innovations is organized the foreign steel companies, presents the factors due to which the situation in Russia’s steel industry is less favorable. In addition, the authors identify arrangements for innovation, which will ultimately improve innovation activity in the Russian enterprises.

Analysis of environment state in technogenic region and its threat to public health.

The purpose of the research is to give a complex hygienic evaluation of environment state in Donetsk region and to determine the degree of their potential danger to population health. It includes air pollution, water contamination, state of soil. Nearly 43000 samples of air, 32000 drinking water samples and 4500 soil samples were analyzed. Regions with the highest rate of environmental pollution were defined. It was found that the main sources of environment pollution in Donetsk region are ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy enterprises, power, coal, building industry and transport. All other sources ac­count for only 5-10% of total emissions. Level of harmful technogenic pressing on population’s health was determined.

Compaction of heterophase mechanical mixtures in production processes of utilizing industrial wastes (final tailings) at enterprises of ferrous metallurgy

The questions of utilizing solid industrial wastes of ferrous metallurgy are considered. The main production solutions of fabricating the high-quality briquettes used as the secondary raw materials are presented.

Influence of physical culture and sports on health status of pupils of industrial city

The aim was to study in the city with large enterprises of ferrous metallurgy and coke health of schoolchildren under the influence of physical education and sports. The research of blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were 295 pupils aged 15-17 years, 390 - anthropometric study of body length, body weight, chest circumference and head, while the 584 teenagers - the prevalence of dental caries. HR assessment is made by comparing with the age norms, and indicators of physical development of pupils - centile method. It is shown that under the influence of employment morning gymnastics school students marked normalization of their heart rate. Waiver of physical exercise leads to a decrease in students in body length and circumference of the chest. Classes in morning exercises and sports are the factors antirisk caries among high school students. Proposed preventive recommendations.

Starting mixes made from domestic materials for metal continuous casting

Requirements are formulated for starting mixes for continuous metal casting. Results are provided for development of starting mix compositions made from domestic materials that satisfy the contemporary requirements of ferrous metallurgy enterprises. Analysis of the behavior during operation of individual starting mix components during warm up and operation is provided.

The potential for using IBP spectrometer with spark ablation of samples at ferrous metallurgy enterprises

On the basis of the results of practical utilization of direct analysis of metal samples with an atomic emission spectrometer with inductively bound plasma (IBP), a comprehensive evaluation of the technique applied is given. Analytical capabilities are compared with chemical methods, with spectral analysis by an atomic emission spectrometer with IBP after sample dissolution and by spark atomic emission spectrometers. The role and the place which the above technique can find in a factory laboratory at metallurgical enterprises are shown.

The role of people's universities in accelerating scientific and technical progress (from the work of the people's universities of technical progress and economics at ferrous metallurgy enterprises in the Donetsk Oblast)

The role of people's universities in accelerating scientific and technical progress (from the work of the people's universities of technical progress and economics at ferrous metallurgy enterprises in the Donetsk Oblast)

Combating noise and vibration at ferrous metallurgy enterprises

Combating noise and vibration at ferrous metallurgy enterprises

How to improve the organization of cost-analysis services at ferrous metallurgy enterprises

How to improve the organization of cost-analysis services at ferrous metallurgy enterprises

Day-by-day cost analysis at ferrous metallurgy enterprises

Day-by-day cost analysis at ferrous metallurgy enterprises