Ferrosoferric Oxide Research Articles

Magnetization influence on the performance of ferrosoferric oxide: polyacrylonitrile membranes in ultrafiltration of pig blood solution

Three kinds of membranes were prepared from suspensions containing polyacrylonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, polyethylene glycol and different amount of Fe3O4 by the phase inversion process. The rejection rate and the flux of membrane were investigated in the filtration of pig blood solution. SEM also studied the morphologies of fouled membranes. The permeate flux and the rejection rate decline fast in the initial several minutes and then change slowly. The magnetized membrane has a higher flux and a relative flux than the corresponding non-magnetized membrane. And the magnetized membrane containing about 3 wt% Fe3O4 has a prominent anti-fouling performance with above 52% relative flux. The results indicate that the magnetized ferrosoferric oxide-polyacrylonitrile membranes are promising in the recovery of blood proteins in the slaughterhouse effluents. In addition, the hydraulic resistance model explained results and the fouling mechanism was also given.

In vitro toxicity of indium arsenide to alveolar macrophages evaluated by magnetometry, cytochemistry and morphological analysis

The present study was conducted to clarify the toxicity of Indium arsenide (InAs) particles to alveolar macrophages of hamsters by cytomagnetometry, enzyme release assays and morphological examinations. One million alveolar macrophages obtained from hamsters were exposed to 60 μg of ferrosoferric oxide and 2, 4, 10 and 20 μg of InAs particles. Relaxation, which is the rapid decline of strength of the remanent magnetic fields radiating from the alveolar macrophages, was insignificantly delayed and decay constants were not changed due to exposure to such doses of InAs. Because the relaxation is thought to be associated with the cytoskeleton, the exposure to InAs may not have impaired their motor function. An LDH release assay and morphological findings indicate slight damage to macrophages. DNA electrophoresis and the TUNEL method revealed neither necrotic changes nor apoptotic changes. Thus, InAs particles at such doses hardly cause cytostructural changes and cell death.

Cytotoxic evaluation of arsenic compounds in alveolar macrophages in hamsters

AbstractGallium arsenide (GaAs) causes various toxic effects in animals, including pulmonary diseases. Although their toxicity is not completely investigated, GaAs is used in workplaces in various semiconductor products. The present report was designed to clarify the toxicity of GaAs suspension and arsenic chloride (AsCl3) solution as additives to the alveolar macrophages in hamsters using magnetometry, enzyme release assays and morphological examinations. Alveolar macrophages obtained from hamsters by tracheobronchial lavage and adhered to disks in the bottom of wells were exposed to ferrosoferric oxide and additives. Ferrosoferric oxide particles were magnetized externally and the remanent magnetic field was measured. Relaxation, a fast decline of remanent magnetic fields radiated from alveolar macrophages, was delayed and decay constants decreased dose‐dependently due to exposure to GaAs suspensions. Relaxation was much delayed and decay constants decreased considerably due to exposure to AsCl3 solutions. Because the relaxation is thought to be associated with the cytoskeleton, exposure to GaAs impairs their motor function. Enzyme release assay and morphological findings indicated damage to macrophages. Thus the cytotoxicity caused cytostructural changes and cell death. According to DNA electrophoresis and TUNEL methods, necrotic changes occur more frequently than apoptotic changes. In conclusion, exposure to GaAs suspension and AsCl3 solution induced cytotoxicity of alveolar macrophages. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In vitro toxicity of gallium arsenide in alveolar macrophages evaluated by magnetometry, cytochemistry and morphology.

Gallium arsenide (GaAs), a chemical compound of gallium and arsenic, causes various toxic effects including pulmonary diseases in animals. Since the toxicity is not completely investigated, GaAs has been used in workplaces as the material of various semiconductor products. The present study was conducted to clarify the toxicity of GaAs particles in the alveolar macrophages of hamsters using magnetometry, enzyme release assays and morphological examinations. Alveolar macrophages obtained from hamsters by tracheobronchial lavage and adhered to the disks in the bottom of wells were exposed to ferrosoferric oxide and GaAs particles. Ferrosoferric oxide particles were magnetized externally and the remanent magnetic field was measured. Relaxation, a fast decline of the remanent magnetic fields radiated from the alveolar macrophages, was delayed and decay constants were decreased dose-dependently due to exposure to GaAs. Because the relaxation is thought to be associated with cytoskeleton, the exposure of GaAs may have impaired the motor function of them. Enzyme release assay and morphological findings indicated the damage to the macrophages. Thus the cytotoxicity causes cytostructural changes and cell death. According to DNA electrophoresis and the TUNEL method, necrotic changes occur more frequently than apoptotic changes.

Preparation and characterization of indomethacin magnetic nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles of polymethylmethacrylate were prepared by the emulsion polymerization technique. The drug was embedded in the nanoparticles. The controlled growth of ferric hydroxide particles in the presence of non-ionic surfactant was effected to obtain nano-size particles and these were subsequently heated to obtain ferroso-ferric oxide (magnetite). The effect of various parameters, i.e. monomer concentration and magnetite concentration, as well as the stirring rate were studied to characterize the particle size and its distribution. Similarly, the factors which affect the total drug payload were assessed. The magno-responsive indomethacin nanoparticles were successfully prepared.

ChemInform Abstract: FERROSOFERRIC OXIDE PREPARED FROM IRON(III) OXALATE PENTAHYDRATE

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 13, Issue 9 Preparative Inorganic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: FERROSOFERRIC OXIDE PREPARED FROM IRON(III) OXALATE PENTAHYDRATE W. D. JUN. HILL, Search for more papers by this author W. D. JUN. HILL, Search for more papers by this author First published: March 2, 1982 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198209039Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume13, Issue9March 2, 1982 RelatedInformation

Ferrosoferric oxide prepared from iron(III) oxalate pentahydrate

Ferrosoferric oxide prepared from iron(III) oxalate pentahydrate

Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibition of Reinforcing Steel: I. Immersed in Alkaline Solutions

AbstractThe electrochemical behaviour of reinforcing steel in stagnant alkaline solutions, especially calcium hydroxide, has been investigated. It was found that the oxidation processes that take place on steel are determined by the degree of surface oxidation of the sample and by dissolved oxygen, but not by the type of cation present.In aerated solution, ferrosoferric oxide (Fe3O4) is the intermediate oxidation product on the steel surface while ferrous hydroxide is the intermediate product in de-aerated solution.In pure alkaline solutions, the critical pH above which stable passivity occurs is 11·5. This value increases when the alkaline solution is contaminated with aggressive ions or when reinforcing steel having mill-scale on its surface is used. A linear relationship holds between the pH of the alkaline solution and the highest concentration of sodium chloride that can be tolerated (CC1-): pH = n logCcc− + K where nand K are constants.Calcium hydroxide solutions prepared fronl water of different lo...

Studies on Black Iron Oxide Pigment. Part I: Effect of Preparation Parameter on Physical and Optical Properties of Ferrosoferric Oxide

Black iron oxide pigment has been successfully prepared by traditional method. Ferrous sulphate was used as the starting iron source. The effect of amount of acid, type and amount of alkali and oxidizing agent on colour and yield were also studied. It was found that, the conversion of insitu produced ferrous chloride to ferrosoferric oxide yielded brilliant colour hue than that produced directly from ferrous sulphate. The produced ferrosoferric oxide were analyzed for purity and characterized for physical properties to be used as a pigment. The prepared samples were found to be comparable with BAYER bayferrox 318. Statistical evaluation also confirmed the experimental result. Key words : Black oxide pigment, Optical properties, Ferrous sulphate, Oxidizing agent DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i2.962 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(2), 183-196, 2008

Studies on Black Iron Oxide Pigment. Part-II: Effect of Preparation Parameter on Particle Size and Microstructure of Ferrosoferric Oxide

This paper deals with the effect of preparation parameter on particle size and microstructure of the prepared ferrosoferric oxide. 10 prepared samples (from 23 samples) and one standard sample (Bayferrox 318 standard 88) collected from BAYER, Germany was selected for this study. X-ray diffraction, petrographic microscopy, scanning electron microscope and particle size analyzer were used to characterize the phase present, particle size and shape of the particle. It is observed from X-ray diffraction that all these samples mainly contain Fe3O4 phase. The shape of the particle is found to be round and agglomerated. The average particle diameter of highest portion of pigment in the peak region is ranged from 12.25μ to 17.32μ, which is very similar to the standard sample (17.32μ). Sample number 9, which was prepared with ferrous sulphate, hydrochloric acid, sodium nitrate and ammonium hydroxide at a molar ratio 1:1.74:0.16:4.07 and standard sample contain narrow high peak in their particle size distribution curve. Another observation is that, experimental parameter, though have some effect on particle size but have no effect on microstructure. Key words: Black iron oxide, Pigment, Particle size, Microstructure, Ferrosoferric oxide. doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i1.2711 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(1), 31-40, 2009

Magnetic center location in multipole fields

A procedure for optically locating the magnetic center of multipole magnetic lenses is discussed. The technique involves the scattering of plane polarized light through a colloidial suspension of ferrosoferric oxide particles. We have examined the mechanism by which the scattering patterns are formed for quadrupoles, sextupoles and octupoles, and developed the mathematical theory that is shown to predict the location and spacing of the patterns in these magnets.

Magnetic Dispersion of Iron Oxides at Centimetre Wave-lengths

THE electromagnetic properties of ferroso-ferric oxide and gamma-ferric oxide have been measured at wave-lengths of 9, 6 and 3 cm. The oxides in powder form were mixed in various proportions with a low-loss, non-magnetic binder, paraffin wax. Moulded specimens of the mixtures were inserted in a slotted transmission line (coaxial line at 9 cm. and 6 cm. : H10 rectangular wave-guide at 3 cm.) fitted with a movable crystal detector probe, and measurements were made of the input impedances of the specimens when terminated in a short-circuit, and in an open-circuit (obtained experimentally by terminating in a short-circuited quarter wave-length line). The input impedance was derived from the voltage standing wave ratio n and the position of the voltage minimum. n was obtained indirectly from the relation n2 = 1 + cosec2 βx, where β is the phase velocity in the measuring line, and x the distance between points at which the high-frequency voltage is âs2 of its value at the minimum. In this way all measurements were carried out with crystal currents of less than 1·2 microamp., a range in which they were accurately proportional to the square of the high-frequency voltage.

Could the Romans in Britain Weld Iron?

INCREASING attention has, within the last few years, been devoted to Roman remains in Britain, and a great deal of interest centres round such metallic remains as have survived from this period. Iron was always manufactured by the so-called “direct” process, that is, iron ore was reduced with charcoal direct to the metal without the intermediate formation of pig iron. The method was very wasteful, and in the further working of the metal so much oxidation took place that frequently the whole of the metal disappeared, the finished article consisting almost entirely of the hard ferrosoferric oxide, the remainder being slag or other impurity. This was the case with certain “iron” nails from the Roman villa at Folkestone which were forwarded to me by Mr. S. E. Winbolt.

The Origin of Flint

SIR E. RAY LANKESTER (NATURE, June 7, p. 283) attributes the black colour of flint to carbon, but has he considered whether ferrosoferric oxide may be the cause of the colour?

The Origin of Flint

THE suggestion of Dr. R. M. Caven (p. 306), that the black colour of flint is due to ferrosoferric oxide, is supported by the fact that flints which have been for some time in contact with gaslime (as when a mixture of these materials is used for road-metal) become stained of a deep blue colour, which has been shown by analysis to he due to ferric ferrocyanide. A discussion on this subject appeared in NATURE in 1904 (vol. lxxi., pp. 83, 126, 176).