Ferromanganese Ore Research Articles

Characterisation of phosphorus deportment in ferromanganese oxide ores – Implications for P removal

Characterisation of six supergene ferromanganese ore samples revealed that P was hosted by several different Fe and Mn oxides. Goethite had the highest (up to >1% or higher) and highest mean (up to 0.32%) P contents, then cryptomelane-hollandite (mean up to 0.12% P) and nsutite-pyrolusite (mean up to 0.14% P). When present in the same sample, nsutite had a higher mean P content than pyrolusite. Phosphate minerals were not detected in the samples. P deportment was variable with deposit, deposit type and within individual mineral grains. EPMA showed that P content is elevated in cryptomelane with higher Mn/(Fe + Al + Si) ratios and in todorokite with lower Mn/(Fe + Al + Si) ratios. The results show that higher phosphorus supergene ferromanganese ores with considerable cryptomelane and nsutite contents are likely to have multi-phase Fe-P and Mn-P deportment. The propensity for very fine-scale intergrowths of goethite and Mn oxides ± aluminosilicates in some ore types means that reliable characterisation of P deportment is critical in informing potential P-reduction pathways for ferroalloy feedstocks. P was most probably incorporated into Mn oxides via near-surface adsorption via complexation with cations such as Ca or Mg in todorokite, but the presence of structural P cannot be precluded in cryptomelane and nsutite.

Phase Transformation Law of Manganese and Iron Oxides in Ferromanganese Ore During Gas-Based Simultaneous Reduction Roasting

Phase Transformation Law of Manganese and Iron Oxides in Ferromanganese Ore During Gas-Based Simultaneous Reduction Roasting

Production of high-manganese slag by reducing iron and phosphorus in ferromanganese ores with hydrogen

Production of high-manganese slag by reducing iron and phosphorus in ferromanganese ores with hydrogen

New insight into genesis of the Maojun laterite Fe–Mn deposit in the Lanshan area, Hunan Province, South China: Evidence from detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies

Laterite Fe–Mn deposits are widespread in South China, with the majority of Fe–Mn ore being present in residual quaternary clay beds. However, detailed geological data on the lateritization of low-iron-content carbonate rocks are rare. In this study, we present new results on the mineralogy and geochemistry, as well as a genetic model, of the Maojun laterite Fe–Mn deposit in the Lanshan area, Hunan Province, South China. The profile sequence of laterite consists of an eroded bedrock horizon at its base, an intermediate black–brown clay layer containing earthy Fe–Mn ore, and a reddish-brown clay layer with nodular ferromanganese ore in contact with reddish-brown or yellowish-brown clay on top. Field evidence and chemical analysis indicated that during lateritization, the Mn-Fe-containing carbonate rocks of the Huanggongtang (D2h) and Shetianqiao formations (D3s) saw a more significant removal of mobile elements (Mg, Ca, and Na) whilst insoluble elements (Fe, Mn, Si, Al, Pb, and Zn) exhibited persistent enrichment in situ. Discriminative diagrams of Fe–Mn mineralization, as well as the assemblage-related enrichment of Y, U, Mo, Pb, and Zn and depletion of high-field-strength elements Zr, Nb, and Th, imply that subsequent hydrothermal circulation overprinted on the previously formed hydrogenous deposit. Mineralogical studies conducted using XRD, EPMA, HR-TEM, and TIMA indicated the predominance of iron and manganese oxides; hematite, goethite, limonite, and hollandite were identified as major oxide phases and cryptomelane, pyrolusite, and coronadite were present in minute quantities. Similar minerals constitute the upper ferromanganese nodule horizons, although they possess distinct textures and concentrations. The mineralogy, geochemical associations, and Ti mass balance show a continuous vertical evolution from top to bottom in the lateritic profile. Ferromanganese concretions from the drenching zone with poorly crystallized Al–goethite, Al–hematite, limonite, Fe–kaolinite, Fe–Mn oxides and hollandite predominate in shallow parts, and microcrystalline hematite, goethite and hollandite were found in deeper layers. Mn2+ can be rapidly oxidized and precipitated on the surface of hematite and limonite as high-valence-state (Mn4+) manganese oxides and binds strongly with mobile elements (Ba, K, Pb, Zn, Ca, and Ni). Petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical studies show that three stages comprised the formation of the Maojun laterite Fe–Mn deposit.

Co-utilization of sepiolite and ferromanganese ore reduces rice Cd and As concentrations via soil immobilization and root Fe-Mn plaque resistance

Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), common toxic elements in farmland soil, are easily absorbed by rice and accumulate in grains. Combined amendment is likely to ameliorate Cd-As-contaminated soil; however, studies on this aspect are limited. Therefore, we explored the effects of co-utilizing sepiolite and ferromanganese ore (SF) on Cd-As accumulation in rice by conducting pot experiments on Cd-As-contaminated paddy soil. The results showed that 4 g kg−1 SF (4SF) reduced Cd (55.9 %/48.5 %) and As (82.9 %/64.7 %) concentrations in grain in early and late rice. The Fe concentration in Fe-Mn plaque (IMP) (FeIMP) first decreased and then increased, and the Mn concentration in IMP (MnIMP) increased with an increase in the SF addition amount. This resulted in the 4SF treatment maximizing the Cd adsorption capacity of IMP, whereas the 2 g kg−1 SF treatment (2SF) minimized the As adsorption capacity of IMP. More importantly, when the total Cd and As were 9.7 mg kg−1 and 304.2 mg kg−1, respectively, in the soil, 4SF application reduced CaCl2-extractable Cd (80.5 %/87.9 %), and 2SF reduced available As (24.0 %/20.9 %) in early and late rice. Additionally, SF decreased the Cd and As ion contents in soil pore water. Overall, SF has good immobilization and sustained effect on Cd-As and can be used as an effective material for remediation of Cd-As-contaminated soil.

Investigation of the beneficiation of refractory ferromanganese ores “Zhomart” deposits

In order to provide ferroalloy production with high-quality raw materials, the need to develop technologies for processing of low-grade manganese and ferromanganese ores is becoming increasingly important. In view of the change in the quality characteristics of ores, the decrease in manganese content and the ability to beneficiation by traditional methods, it is necessary to consider new approaches and technological solutions. The article presents data from a study on the beneficiation of refractory iron-manganese ore from the Zhomart deposit. The mineralogy, physical and mechanical properties, and granulometric composition of the ore were determined. The results of a study on gravitational beneficiation using a laboratory pulsator with a pneumatic drive and a laboratory 2-chamber diaphragm jigging machine and magnetic beneficiation of ore with a high-intensity magnetic field are presented. Iron-containing concentrate (Fe-45% and Mn-6.5% is mainly represented by hematite mixed with non-metallic minerals quartz and calcite) and iron-manganese concentrate (Mn-21.7% and Fe-21.1% in the form of hematite, Brownite and pyrolusite, also mixed with quartz and calcite). The concentrates are not suitable for smelting manganese-containing ferroalloys but can be used in the process of electrothermal beneficiation with selective carbothermal reduction of iron in an ore-thermal furnace. The smelting products can be manganese cast iron and iron-free, low-phosphorus limiting manganese slag with a high ratio of manganese to iron.

A novel high activity MnXFe3−XO4 spinel catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO using NH3 prepared by a short process from natural minerals for low-temperature sintering flue gas: Effect of X value on catalytic mechanism

The process of smelting and purifying the catalyst precursor salt from minerals is extremely complex, which directly leads to high catalyst costs and serious secondary pollution. In order to achieve energy saving and emission reduction in the catalyst preparation process, in-situ synthesis of catalyst materials from natural minerals is a new research direction. In this study, we firstly explored the optimal X value of MnXFe3-XO4 for the NH3 selective catalytic reduction of NO (NH3-SCR) reaction, i.e., the Mn, Fe ratio, and then prepared a novel highly active mineral-based pure phase MnXFe3-XO4 spinel NH3-SCR catalyst by natural ferromanganese ore fines with iron-red fines (Fe2O3) allotment through in situ solid-phase synthesis and magnetic separation methods according to this ratio. The results show that the X value of 1.5 (Mn1.5Fe1.5O4) is the best for NH3-SCR reaction. Mn1.5Fe1.5O4 nano-particles (201 nm) has nearly 100 % NO conversion (with 5 % H2O(g)) at 125–300 °C. The combination of characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculation shows that the catalytic process of Eley-Rideal (E-R) dehydrogenation is enhanced at both the active site Mn site and Fe site, which is a key factor in the acceleration of the NH3-SCR reaction with increasing X value at the MnXFe3-XO4 surface.

Demonstration of dry magnetic separation to upgrade the Mn:Fe ratio of a ferromanganese ore sample

ABSTRACT Sighter Induced Roll Magnetic Separation tests were conducted on a ferromanganese ore sample to determine the potential to significantly upgrade the Mn content and Mn:Fe ratio. The sample had a Mn:Fe ratio of 1.3 and was comprised of hematite, cryptomelane, pyrolusite, quartz, goethite and braunite. Tests at 4.7, 2.3 and 1 mm top sizes revealed better separation of Fe from Mn at the 2.3 and 1 mm top sizes. This reflected the better liberation and separation characteristics of Fe oxides at 2.3 mm and both Fe and Mn oxides at 1 mm. A test on the −2.3 + 0.6 mm size fraction improved the Mn:Fe ratio to 4.6, the Mn content to 41.5 wt% with 69.4% mass recovery and 84.2% Mn recovery. Particle magnetic susceptibility was influenced by particle microporosity, and its effect on apparent density, resulting in some Mn oxides reporting to the magnetic concentrate and Fe oxides to the tails.

The promotion of NH3-SCR performance by AC addition on Mn-Fe/Z catalyst

A Mn-Fe/Z catalyst was prepared by industrial waste lithium silicon powder (LSP) and natural ferromanganese ore for high efficiency removal of NOx in flue gas. In the support synthesis stage, activated carbon (AC) was added to regulate the pore structure and surface physicochemical properties of the catalyst. The NO conversion at 125 °C increased from 71.8% (Mn-Fe/Z0, without AC added) to 95.1% (Mn-Fe/Z1, 1.0 wt% AC added). The introduction of AC promoted the formation of mesopores, surface adsorbed oxygen, and Mn4+, which were beneficial to the electron transfer and the oxidation–reduction cycle of SCR. Besides, the AC addition weakened the chemical bond of Mn-O and Fe-O on Mn-Fe/Z, and promoted the formation of surface acid sites, which facilitated the NH3-SCR. Lewis acid sites participated in NH3-SCR, and the adsorbed NH3 reacted with gaseous NO species followed the Eley-Rideal (E-R) reaction mechanism. The above findings provide useful information for new catalyst design for NH3-SCR at low temperature.

A halophilic Chromohalobacter species from estuarine coastal waters as a detoxifier of manganese, as well as a novel bio-catalyst for synthesis of n-butyl acetate.

Anthropogenic pollution due to ferro-manganese ore transport by barges through the Mandovi estuary in Goa, India is a major environmental concern. In this study a manganese (Mn) tolerant, moderately halophilic Chromohalobacter sp. belonging to the family Halomonadaceae was isolated from the sediments of a solar saltern adjacent to this Mandovi estuary. Using techniques of Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy, the Chromohalobacter sp. was explored for its ability to tolerate and immobilize Mn in amended and unamended media with 20% natural salt concentration (w/v). In aqueous media supplemented with 0.1 mM Mn, the Chromohalobacter sp. was capable of sequestering up to 76% Mn with an average immobilization rate of 8 mg Mn /g /day. Growth rate kinetic analysis using Gompertz mathematical functions was found to model the experimental data well. The model inferred that the maximum growth rate of Chromohalobacter sp. was at 10% natural salt concentration (w/v). The Chromohalobacter sp. was further found to be multimetal tolerant showing high tolerance to Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni) and Cobalt (Co), (each at 4 mM), and tolerated Manganese (Mn) up to 6 mM. Morphologically, the Chromohalobacter sp. was a non-spore forming, Gram negative motile rod (0.726 μ× 1.33 μ). The adaptative mechanism of Chromohalobacter sp. to elevated Mn concentrations (1 mM) resulted in the reduction of its cell size to 0.339 μ× 0.997 μ and the synthesis of an extracellular slime, immobilizing Mn from the liquid phase forming Manganese oxide, as confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The expression of Mnx genes for manganese oxidation further substantiated the finding. This bacterial synthesized manganese oxide also displayed catalytic activity (∼50% conversion) for the esterification of butan-1-ol with CH3COOH to yield n-butyl acetate. This Chromohalobacter sp. being indigenous to marine salterns, has adapted to high concentrations of heavy metals and high salinities and can withstand this extremely stressed environment, and thus holds a tremendous potential as an environmentally friendly "green bioremediator" of Mn from euryhaline environments. The study also adds to the limited knowledge about metal-microbe interactions in extreme environments. Further, since Chromohalobacter sp. exhibits commendable catalytic activity for the synthesis of n-butyl acetate, it would have several potential industrial applications.

Peculiarities of the formation of the Zhailma volcano-tectonic deep

Purpose. Studying the features of the Zhailma volcano-tectonic depression formation, as well as the principles and factors affecting this structure’s ore formation. Methodology. Analysis of the results of isotope dating of rocks, critical analysis of literature and fund materials, analysis of the genesis and specificity of the Zhailma structure mineralization, features of the volcano-tectonic depression formation. Findings. The Zhailma graben syncline formation is associated with subsidence after ejections of significant masses of acidic magmatic material from stratovolcanoes concentrated on the Zhailma structure. The initiation and development of the graben-syncline is closely related to the processes of tectonomagmatic evolution of the Devonian volcano-plutonic belt. Originality. The search model for stratiform deposits of the Atasu type has been revised, taking into account the original theory of the volcano-tectonic origin of the structure, formed at the final stages of the formation and development of the Devonian volcano-plutonic belt. The genesis of the Atasu-type deposits is considered as sedimentary-hydrothermal one, associated with the processes of diagenesis and catagenesis occurring within sedimentary basins. The presence of two large volcanoes on the northern side of the caldera structure was substantiated: North Zhairem and Ustanynzhal. Practical value. It is recommended to carry out predictive metallogenic and, accordingly, prospecting work for deposits of the Atasu type within the graben-synclines of the Sarysu-Teniz segment of the Devonian volcanic belt, where such deposits of ferromanganese ores as Tur, Bogach and Karaadyr are already being developed in the Aydagarly graben-syncline.

Transcriptome analysis reveals manganese tolerance mechanisms in a novel native bacterium of Bacillus altitudinis strain HM-12

Bacillus altitudinis HM-12, isolated from ferromanganese ore tailings, can resist up to 1200 mM Mn(II) when exposed to concentrations from 50 mM to 1400 mM. HM-12 exhibited high Mn(II) removal efficiency (90.6 %). We report the transcriptional profile of HM-12 using RNA-Seq and found 423 upregulated and 536 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to the control. Gene Ontology analysis showed that DEGs were mainly linked with transporter activity, binding, catalytic activity in molecular function, cellular anatomical entity in cellular component, cellular process, and metabolic process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that DEGs were mostly mapped to membrane transport, signal transduction, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and cellular community pathways. Transport analysis showed that two manganese importer systems, mntH and mntABC, were significantly downregulated. The manganese efflux genes (mneS, yceF and ykoY) exhibited significant upregulation. Manganese homeostasis seems to be subtly regulated by manganese uptake and efflux genes. Moreover, it was found that copA as a Mn(II) oxidase gene and a copper chaperone gene copZ were considerably upregulated by signal transduction analysis. csoR encoding a transcriptional repressor which can regulate the copZA operon was upregulated. The strong Mn(II) oxidizing activity of HM-12 was also confirmed by physicochemical characterization. In metabolism and environmental information processing, yjqC encoding manganese catalase was significantly upregulated, while katE and katX encoding heme catalases were significantly downregulated. The antioxidant gene pcaC was significantly upregulated, but ykuU encoding alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, yojM encoding superoxide dismutase, and perR encoding redox-sensing transcriptional repressor were downregulated. These results highlight the oxidative activity of HM-12 by regulating the transcription of oxidase, catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase to sense the cellular redox status and prevent Mn(II) intoxication. This study provides relevant information on the biological tolerance and oxidation mechanisms in response to Mn(II) stress.

An efficient and green method to separate iron and manganese from ferromanganese ore by suspension magnetization roasting and magnetic separation

Despite the rich reserves of ferromanganese ore, it can only be discarded as waste rock due to the difficulty of its development and the unavailability of conventional methods. In this study, suspension magnetization roasting (SMR) and low-intensity magnetic separation (LIMS) were used to process ferromanganese ore. Under the optimum conditions, magnetic products with an iron grade of 69.66% at an iron recovery of 98.17% and nonmagnetic products with a manganese grade of 51.60% at a manganese recovery of 88.48% were obtained. X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS) were used to analyze the process mechanism. The data show that the newly generated products had greatly enhanced magnetic properties and that the surface became rougher and more porous after SMR-LIMS. Finally, hematite was transformed into magnetite in the magnetic product, and other minerals were transformed into the nonmagnetic product, realizing no tailing recycling or utilization.

Separation of Ferromanganese Ore Components by Reduction with Carbon and Carbon Monoxide

Separation of Ferromanganese Ore Components by Reduction with Carbon and Carbon Monoxide

Геологическая характеристика, потенциал и генезис образования железомарганцевых руд на дне юго-западной части Южно-Китайского моря Ч. 1. Геологическая характеристика подводных месторождений, методы и способы поисковых работ

The article discusses the resource potential of the South China Sea, presents the main geographic and hydrological data on the South China Basin of the Pacific Ocean. Information about the geological conditions of the South China Sea, including the morphology and tectonics of the seabed, is presented. Data on the prevalence of different-grained sediments along the entire coastline and in the shelf zone of the South China Sea are presented. Ferromanganese ores, represented by formations in the form of nodules and crusts, are considered as one of the main types of solid mineral resources in the exclusive economic zone of Vietnam. The regularities of their distribution in the South China Sea are analyzed, the history of geological studies of the mineral resources of the seabed is presented, and a plan for further exploration is proposed

Low-cost Mn–Fe/SAPO-34 catalyst from natural ferromanganese ore and lithium-silicon-powder waste for efficient low-temperature NH3-SCR removal of NOx

The development of low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR) catalysts is desirable but still challenging. Herein, a low-cost Mn–Fe/SAPO-34 catalyst was successfully synthesized using natural ferromanganese ore (FO) and industrial waste lithium-silicon-powder (LSP) by solid-state ion exchange (SSIE) method, and showed high NH3-SCR activity at low temperature range (150–200 °C) with high N2 selectivity. After loading FO, Mn–O and Fe–O bonds on Mn–Fe/SAPO-34 were weakened, which were beneficial to electron transfer and the oxidation-reduction cycle of SCR. The coexisting of Mn and Fe promoted the dispersion of Fe, resulted in high amounts of Oa, Mn4+ and Fe3+ which facilitated the adsorption and activization of NH3 over Mn–Fe/SAPO-34 catalyst. The Brønsted and Lewis acid sites participate in NH3-SCR, and the adsorbed nitrate species could quickly react with the adsorbed NH3 species via the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism. The Mn–Fe/SAPO-34 integrated the advantages of low-cost, resource saving and environment friendly, giving a low-carbon and sustainable choice for the industrial application of NOx abatement.

Separation of ferromanganese ore components by non-contact and contact carbothermic reduction

The possibility of joint selective solid-phase reduction of iron and phosphorus in ferromanganese ore has been experimentally confirmed. The experiments were carried out in a Tamman laboratory furnace at a temperature of 1000 °C and holding for two and five hours. The article presents results of the study of phase composition and phases' quantitative ratio of the reduction products, as well as chemical composition of the phases. It was established that reduction roasting in CO atmosphere provides a transition from oxide phase to metal phase only of iron and phosphorus. At the same time, the concentration of manganese oxide MnO increases in the ore oxide phase. The use of solid carbon as a reducing agent under the same conditions leads to transition to the metallic phase together with iron and phosphorus of a part of manganese. Based on the obtained data, it is proposed to selectively reduce iron and phosphorus at a temperature of 1000 °C with a reducing gas. Gas reduction will make it possible to use existing gas furnaces, in particular, multi-pod furnaces, for metallization of iron and phosphorus in ferromanganese ore, and natural gas, including hydrogen -enriched gas, and even pure hydrogen, as a reducing agent and energy carrier. Due to this, at the stage of ore metallization in production of manganese alloys, greenhouse gas CO2 emissions can be reduced. The results of the work can be used in the development of theoretical and technological bases for processing ferromanganese ores with a high content of phosphorus, which are not processed by existing technologies.

Suspension magnetization roasting on waste ferromanganese ore: A semi-industrial test for efficient recycling of value minerals

As a waste ferromanganese ore resource, unavailable due to conventional technology and thus hoarded in mass quantity, in which it functions as an invaluable recycling value. In the study, an efficient semi-industrial test for recycling manganese and iron was investigated by suspension magnetization roasting, and with the results demonstrating that iron concentrate with an average iron grade of 66.60% and an average iron recovery of 93.93%, manganese concentrate with an average manganese grade 46.22% and an average manganese recovery 87.29% could be obtained under conditions of roasting temperature 500 °C, reducing agent concentration 45%, reducing agent dosage 12.0 m3/h and the equipment operating continuously and stably for 35 h. Through the suspension magnetization roasting-magnetic separation technology, the weak magnetic hematite, pyrolusite and bixbyite were selectively converted into magnetite and manganosite respectively, and then the magnetite and manganosite were extracted in the magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings individually. Suspension magnetization roasting semi-industrial system exhibited stable and efficient performances for the recycling and utilization of ferromanganese ore.

Solid-Phase Reduction and Separation of Iron and Phosphorus from Manganese Oxides in Ferromanganese Ore

The possibility of joint solid-phase reduction of iron and phosphorus from ferromanganese ore has been experimentally confirmed. Solid-phase reduction was performed at a temperature of 1000°C and exposure time of 2-5 hours, in a CO atmosphere, also produced the separation of the reduction products by melting. The distribution of iron and phosphorus was studied using an electron scanning microscope. The phase analysis of the samples was studied using a Rigaku Ultima IV X-ray diffractometer. The results were processed using the "Match" software. Reducing roasting in a CO atmosphere provides a transition from the oxide phase to the metallic phase of only iron and phosphorus without loss of manganese, thus increasing the concentration of MnO oxide in the residual oxide phase of the ore.

Investigation of the process of metallized materials production from iron concentrate of hydrometallurgical enrichment of ferromanganese ores of Kuzbass

Study of the processes of solid-phase reduction of iron from oxides using coals as reducing agents and the development of energy-efficient technologies for the production and use of metallized materials from concentrates obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment is an actual scientific direction in ferrous metallurgy. Theoretical studies of the processes of solidphase reduction of iron from iron-containing concentrate obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of ferromanganese and polymetallic manganese-containing ores, by coals grades D (long-flame) and 2B (brown) were carried out by the method of thermodynamic simulation using the “Terra” software complex. The experimental study of the process of solid-phase reduction of iron from experimental mixtures was carried out in a muffle furnace SNOL 4/900 and in a resistance furnace with a graphite tubular heater (Tamman furnace). The influence of the composition and volume of gas phase, formed as a result of volatile components emission in the process of coals of two grades heating at 373–1873 K obtained, optimal temperature and consumption of coals defined, which ensure complete reducing of iron from iron-containing concentrate, compositions as well as volumes of gas phase. The influence of temperature of the isothermal exposure on the rate and degree of solid-phase reduction of iron from iron ore oxides was experimentally determined when using coals of different process grades and coke fines as reducing agents. Empirical equations of reduction degree versus time of isothermal exposure for different metallization temperatures were obtained. It is shown that the change in the degree of recovery on temperature with high accuracy was described by a linear dependence, and the change in the recovery rate on the temperature – by a power dependence. Conditions of effective metallization were determined when using iron concentrate and coals of different process grades for production of spongy metallized materials with content of Femet more than 80%, and 1.5–2.5 % C, 0.1 % S, 0.02 % P. As a result of thermodynamic simulation and experimental study of the process of iron reduction from iron concentrate, optimal consumption of coal of grades D and 2Б at temperature 1473K was determined. It was established that the best reducing agent with a minimum specific consumption is long-flame coal grade D. It was found that with an excess of reducing agent, it is possible to achieve almost complete extraction of iron from the concentrate, at the level of 98–99%.