Ferroelectric Ceramic Materials Research Articles

Ferroelectric Ceramic Materials Enable High-Performance Organic-Inorganic Composite Electrolytes in Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries

Ferroelectric Ceramic Materials Enable High-Performance Organic-Inorganic Composite Electrolytes in Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries

Long-lasting, fast-switchable photochromism in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 induced by photocatalytic memory effect, and its subsequently enhanced piezoelectric response and catalytic performances

A ferroelectric ceramic material of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 was found to possess a pronounced, long-lasting, and fast-switchable photochromic behavior responsive to visible light. The working mechanism of its photochromism could be attributed to an interesting photocatalytic memory effect, during which photogenerated electrons were trapped by Bi3+/Ti4+ and oxygen vacancies generated in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3. The release kinetics of trapped electrons could be modulated by controlling environment conditions to make its photochromism phenomenon both long-lasting and fast-switchable to meet various application requirements. In the meantime, the photochromism process changed its inner electronic structure, resulting in stronger oxidation capability, increased piezoelectric response, improved charge carrier separation and transfer, and more active oxygen species production. Thus, its photocatalytic, piezocatalytic and photopiezocatalytic performances were all significantly enhanced as demonstrated by its TC-HCl degradation performances. This work offered a novel approach to search for and design inorganic photochromic materials with good reversibility for various technical applications.

Investigation of structural, morphological, dielectric, optical, and ferroelectric-energy storage properties of [(1-x) BCT-(x) BZT] electroceramics

Extensive research and advancements have been progressed by the vast potential of eco-friendly dielectric capacitors in high-level electronic elements and high-performance pulsed power systems thus far. Ferroelectric ceramic materials exhibiting relaxor properties and significant dielectric constants are prime candidates for attaining exceptional energy storage capabilities. Herein, a lead-free (1-x) Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3–xBaZr0.15Ti0.85O3 (abbreviated as (1-x) BCT-xBZT) solid solution system has been synthesized via the conventional solid-state reaction technique, with varying levels of BZT doping. The X-ray diffraction study confirmed pure perovskite structure formation in the prepared ceramics, and the coexistence of orthorhombic (O) (space group- Amm2) and tetragonal (T) (space group-P4mm) phases has been detected through the Rietveld refinement technique at room temperature. Rietveld refinement data and associated analysis highlight the gradual shift of crystal symmetry from Amm2 to P4mm as the x content increases. Replacing BZT in Ca-modified BaTiO3 has led to significant enhancements in microstructural properties and an increase in the width of the optical band gap. This, in turn, enhances energy storage capabilities compared to pure BCT. Incorporating BZT into BCT has led to the evolution of relaxor ceramics, a crucial development for achieving elevated levels of recoverable energy storage density. In this study, the solid solution comprising 0.6BCT-0.4BZT exhibits distinct traits, including a diffuse phase transition, high breakdown strength, shallow dielectric loss (tanδ <0.007), and significantly high dielectric constant. Due to enhanced electrical characteristics, the 0.6BCT-0.4BZT possesses very high saturation polarization of ∼48 μCcm−2, a total energy density of 1.71 J/cm3, and a recoverable energy density of 1.1 J/cm3. In addition, the optimized ceramics demonstrate concurrent achievement of high-frequency stability (10–250 Hz), fatigue resistance (up to 104 cycles), and favorable temperature stability (20–160°C). This study showcased a potential material candidate suitable for energy storage devices functioning within low to medium-electric fields.

The jump-like PTCR effect in Ca1-xYxCu3Ti4O12 ceramics hot quenched under high-pressure

The PTCR effect is an important application phenomenon in the ferroelectric BaTiO3 electronic ceramic materials. In this work, the PTCR effect is also found in high pressure (HP) hot quenched Ca1-xYxCu3Ti4O12 (CYCTO) ceramics. Compared with the pure CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramic synthesized under ordinary pressure (OP), the low temperature resistivity of HP CYCTO samples is about 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of untreated CCTO samples, showing an obvious PTCR effect. The transition temperature is close to 178 K for x = 0.2 sample. The analysis of crystal and magnetic structures shows that the crystal and magnetic structures of HP CYCTO samples do not change before and after the resistance transition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the concentration of oxygen vacancy defects in HP CYCTO is higher than CCTO. By analyzing the conduction behaviors of HP CYCTO samples, it suggests that oxygen vacancies and Y3+ ions may be the important donors for the decrease of low temperature resistivity of HP CYCTO samples. The results in this work have important reference value for the application of the electrical conduction behaviors in CCTO.

Retracted: Ferroelectric Ceramic Materials Prepared by Nanoparticles in Outdoor Environmental Sculpture Art

Retracted: Ferroelectric Ceramic Materials Prepared by Nanoparticles in Outdoor Environmental Sculpture Art

Structural, thermal, optical, magnetic and electrical properties of Fe doped Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3 perovskite

The most known ferroelectric ceramic material is Barium Titanate (BaTiO3), which is frequently used in actuators, capacitors, and memory devices. The ferroelectric properties of Barium Titanate were improved by doping a small amount of other dopants. Choosing a material with high ferroelectric, piezoelectric, dielectric, and magnetic constants, low dielectric loss, and high electrical resistivity is necessary. In order to achieve the purpose, the suggested sample is formed as Ba0.77Ca0.23Ti1-xFexO3, where x is equivalent to 0.0, 0.05, 0.15, and 0.20. We doped iron (Fe), replacing titanium, and the percentage of calcium was fixed. The composition was synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction (SSR) method. Effects of ferrite contents (x) on the structural, thermal, optical, dielectric, magnetic, and electrical properties were thoroughly investigated. The structural properties and phase identification were studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirming the formation of the cubic crystal structure of perovskite samples. While increasing Fe contents (x), the lattice parameter of the samples increases slightly but dramatically decreases for x = 0.20. Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) results that the specific heat capacity is highest at 1100 °C. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses confirmed the metal-oxygen corresponding bonds at 370 cm−1 and 530 cm−1 in the perovskite structure. The bandgap (Eg) values decrease from 2.46eV to 1.75eV with Fe added in the sample studied by exploiting ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The magnetization increases with the addition of an applied magnetic field and Fe contents. The dielectric parameters, permeability, impedance, and AC resistivity have been extracted from the measurement of the Impedance Analyzer. As band gap energy decreases, the compositions can be good candidates for memory devices. Low magnetization can make these compositions a good choice for spintronics, memory devices, and catalysis.

Ultrahigh electrostrictive coefficient and hysteresis-free electrostrictive strain in textured BCZT ceramic

Precision-controlled systems necessitate electronic actuators with large displacement, high precision, and miniaturization. Therefore, advanced ferroelectric functional ceramic materials must exhibit substantial displacement responsiveness, minimal hysteresis, and performance stability. Modifying electrostrictive ceramics to enhance the electrostrictive coefficient (Q33) through conventional doping strategies has proven challenging. To address this, grain-oriented textured ceramics harness crystalline anisotropy to elevate Q33 and electrostrictive strain response. In this work, we employ the template grain growth (TGG) method integrating preprepared BaTiO3 (BT) microtemplates, to cultivate <001>-oriented 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BCZT) ceramics. Remarkably, the <001>-oriented BCZT ceramic manifests a substantial Q33 value of 0.066 m4/C2, marking a 65 % increase compared to randomly oriented ceramics. Under 100 kV/cm, ultra-high electrostrictive strain response (0.23%) and minimal hysteresis (1−8%) were achieved. Crucially, this elevated Q33 remains thermally stable within the range of 20−100 °C. This advancement not only enables the production of electrostrictive ceramics with improved Q33 and hysteresis-free strain but also broadens the application horizon of BCZT-based electrostrictive ceramics within high-precision actuator technologies.

Strengthening the ferroelectric properties in the three-component multiferroic ceramic composites

The paper proposes a new solution for obtaining multiferroic ceramic composites by connecting two ferroelectric ceramic materials of the PbZrTiO3-based (P) and BaTiO3 (B) (in an equal amount, i.e., 50/50) and the zinc-nickel ferrite (F) material. The main purpose of the experiment is to improve the ferroelectric performance of the multiferroic composites using the free sintering method (pressureless). Three multiferroic composite materials (BPF) with the content of ferroelectric/magnetic 95/05, 90/10, and 85/15 were obtained. The crystal structure, electrical behaviours, as well as the dielectric, ferroelectric, and magnetic characteristics of the multiferroic ceramic composites were investigated in detail. The research has proven that using two ferroelectric materials improves the ferroelectric properties of multiferroic composites (spontaneous polarization is in the range of 5.10–7.80 µC/cm2, whereas remnant polarization in the range of 2.37–4.05 µC/cm2). The ferroelectric hysteresis loops exhibited high saturation, while the electrical breakdown strength of the composite samples is very high. Also, the entire set of physical parameters of the multiferroic composite remains high. The permittivity at room temperature is in the range (800–1230), the tangent loss value in the range (0.016–0.022), and the spontaneous magnetization in the range (1.5–0.04 emu/g). The magnetic properties of the composite samples depend on the amount of ferrite in the composition, and are the highest for the composition with the highest amount of ferrite.

Layered SrTiO3/BaTiO3 composites with significantly enhanced dielectric permittivity and low loss

Ferroelectric ceramic materials are receiving increasing attention due to their extensive applications in electrical systems. In this work, three-layer BaTiO3/SrTiO3 ceramic composites consisting of one Ba1-xTiO3-SrxTiO3 (at x = 5, 10, 20 and 30) composite interlayer sandwiched by two BaTiO3 outer layers were fabricated. And the effects of SrTiO3 modification on their phase structures, microstructures and dielectric performance were studied in detail. A pure perovskite phase was observed in the Ba1-xTiO3-SrxTiO3 ceramic composites. The BaTiO3 ceramic doping by SrTiO3 exhibited refined grain size. With increased SrTiO3 content, both the permittivity and dielectric loss have increased. Furthermore, a layered structure was designed to enhance the dielectric properties. Consequently, a high permittivity of 7118 and low loss of 0.028 were achieved at 10 kHz in BaTiO3-30 w% SrTiO3–BaTiO3 three-layer ceramic composites. In summary, the introduction of SrTiO3 is believed to reduce the BaTiO3 Curie temperature and greatly improve its permittivity at room temperature. Furthermore, the accumulation of charge carriers at the interface significantly increases the permittivity, while preventing the transport of the charge carriers and reducing the loss. The ultrahigh permittivity and low loss make these composites promising candidates for microwave antennas, field effect transistors and dielectric capacitors.

Excellent energy-storage performance in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based lead-free composite ceramics via introducing pyrochlore phase Sm2Ti2O7

The comprehensive performance of ferroelectric ceramic materials is a significant factor limiting the practical application. In this work, a novel strategy of constructing diphase compounds is proposed to significantly enhance the energy storage properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based ceramics. A composite ceramic of pyrochlore phase Sm2Ti2O7 modified perovskite phase Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 is successfully prepared and systematically studied. As the concentration of Sm2Ti2O7 increases, the dielectric breakdown strength is greatly strengthened because of expanded band gap and shrunk grain size, and the relaxor behavior is enhanced due to the effect of linear character pyrochlore. As a result, the optimized composition demonstrates excellent energy storage properties including high recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) of 6.387 J/cm3 at 402 kV/cm, superior stability of temperature (<6% variation in − 120 ∼ 120 °C), frequency (∼4% variation in 5 ∼ 500 Hz) and cycling (∼2% variation within 106 cycles). Besides, fast discharge behavior of t0.9 ∼ 29.4 ns and high power density of 80.49 MW/cm3 at 200 kV/cm are also achieved. This study presents a novel strategy to enhance the performance of BNT-based materials through forming composite ceramic, which is anticipated to be a general method for other material systems as regards the design of advanced energy storage ceramics.

Stability of ferroelectric phase and structural characteristics in oriented PbTiO3 ceramic coating formed by aerosol deposition method

Temperature-dependent structural variations of ceramic coatings of lead titanate PbTiO3 (PT) formed at room temperature (RT) via aerosol deposition (AD) have been investigated to evaluate the stability of the ferroelectric phase. Synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction experiments in the as-deposited state showed a polycrystalline film oriented preferentially along the c-axis of the perovskite-type ferroelectric tetragonal structure on the quartz glass substrate. The c-axis orientation may be attributed to the anisotropic structural characteristics of the crystal with a layered structure composed of a two-dimensional (2D) covalent bonding network in the ferroelectric phase at RT. The 2D interfaces of the ceramic particles in the aerosol, which are chemically activated by collision with the substrate, are most likely to recombine during the AD process and form a dense and hard coating at RT. When the PT film was heated to the paraelectric phase with a cubic structure at 1000 K, the c-axis orientation observed in the as-deposited state disappeared upon cooling owing to the degree of freedom in selecting the polar axis associated with the cubic-tetragonal phase transition. The spontaneous lattice distortion of the AD film at RT was smaller than that of the bulk ceramic. However, the phase transition temperature (TC) was approximately 100 K higher only during the first heating process from the c-oriented as-deposited state. The AD method stabilizes the ferroelectric phase up to a higher temperature, although the spontaneous polarization is suppressed. The ferroelectric ceramic materials synthesized mainly via particle collisions are assumed to have low ferroelectricity but high TC.

Direct ink write 3D printing of wave propagation sensor

The ability to detect impact waves and their propagation across materials is the key to structural health monitoring and defect detection of materials. To detect impact waves from a certain type of structures, it is important for a sensor to be highly flexible and complex in shape. Direct ink write (DIW) allows for the manufacturing of complex sensors. This article presents the fabrication of a flexible impact wave propagation sensor (IWPS) through the DIW technique. The dispersion of a ferroelectric ceramic material barium titanate (BaTiO3, or BTO) in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), not only enhances the flexibility of the 3D (three-dimensional) printed sensor but also ensures the uniform piezoelectric response throughout the whole sensor. This research explored the impact load generated impact wave in the flexible sensor and sensing response. The capability of DIW for multi-material printing was utilized to print multi-walled carbon nanotube based electrodes on BTO/PDMS stretchable composites. A total of 50 wt% of BTO in the PDMS matrix resulted in a piezoelectric coefficient of 20 pC N−1 after contact poling of IWPS. Upon applying impact loading at the center of the sensor, an impact wave was generated which gradually diminished with the distance from the origin of the applied impact load. The impact wave propagation was quantitatively characterized by measuring output voltage from different nodes of IWPS. Additionally, from the voltage response time difference at different locations of the sensor, the particle-wave velocity of a certain material attached to IWPS was determined in this research. Using the custom-designed IWPS, it was found that the particle-wave velocity of stainless steel and low-density polyethylene were 5625 m s−1 and 2000 m s−1 respectively, which are consistent with their theoretical values.

Fabrication of a lead-free ternary ceramic system for high energy storage applications in dielectric capacitors.

The importance of electroceramics is well-recognized in applications of high energy storage density of dielectric ceramic capacitors. Despite the excellent properties, lead-free alternatives are highly desirous owing to their environmental friendliness for energy storage applications. Herein, we provide a facile synthesis of lead-free ferroelectric ceramic perovskite material demonstrating enhanced energy storage density. The ceramic material with a series of composition (1-z) (0.94Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.06BaTiO3)-zNd0.33NbO3, denoted as NBT-BT-zNN, where, z = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 are synthesized by the conventional solid-state mix oxide route. Microphases, microstructures, and energy storage characteristics of the as-synthesized ceramic compositions were determined by advanced ceramic techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis reveals pure single perovskite phases for z = 0 and 0.02, and secondary phases of Bi2Ti2O7 appeared for z = 0.04 and 0.08. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrates packed-shaped microstructures with a reduced grain size for these ceramic compositions. The coercive field (Ec) and remnant polarization (Pr) deduced from polarization vs. electric field hysteresis loops determined using an LCR meter demonstrate decreasing trends with the increasing z content for each composition. Consequently, the maximum energy storage density of 3.2J/cm3, the recoverable stored energy of 2.01J/cm3, and the efficiency of 62.5% were obtained for the z content of 2mol% at an applied electric field of 250kV/cm. This work demonstrates important development in ceramic perovskite for high power energy storage density and efficiency in dielectric capacitors in high-temperature environments. The aforementioned method makes it feasible to modify a binary ceramic composition into a ternary system with highly enhanced energy storage characteristics by incorporating rare earth metals with transition metal oxides in appropriate proportions.

Ferroelectric Ceramic Materials Prepared by Nanoparticles in Outdoor Environmental Sculpture Art

With the development and progress of the city, people’s research on outdoor sculpture has gone deeper, and the field of material research has been raised to the field of spiritual culture. Tang Sancai is beautiful in color and wonderful in shape, such that when ceramics are used in outdoor environmental sculpture art, except for its performance, its appearance and tone must also be taken into consideration. Even when ferroelectric ceramics are used in outdoor sculptures, changing their shapes and taking into account their colors can be done invisibly only by passing through an electromagnetic field. Ferroelectric ceramics are generally divided into insulating, dielectric, piezoelectric, magnetic, semiconductor, transparent, and infrared sensor ceramics. This article integrates the manufacturing method of ferroelectric ceramics into outdoor environmental sculpture art. First of all, this article describes the ferroelectric ceramics and outdoor environmental sculptures, explains the method of preparing ferroelectric ceramics from barium titanate nanoparticles, and explains the pyroelectric inverse process of the electric card effect principle of electric ceramic materials, the thermodynamics of Maxwell’s relationship, and the thermodynamics of Landau’s phenomenological theory. The elasticity of the system is calculated, and the preparation of tetragonal barium titanate ferroelectric ceramics prepared by hydrothermal nanoparticles and SBT/Cu ferroelectric ceramic composites prepared by nanoparticle metallurgy is explained. In the plasma discharge mode, the optimal temperature for sintering the composite material is obtained. Then through experiments, research on the preparation and performance of the high dielectric constant BTnf-Ag/PVDF ferroelectric ceramic nanocomposite and its application in environmental sculptures are demonstrated. Compared with the two ancient BTnf/PVDF composite materials, the barium titanate fiber prepared by electrostatic spinning shows that the BTnf-Ag/PVDF composite material has a higher dielectric constant, and the dielectric loss is not too high. The 41.8vol% BTnf-Ag composite material has a dielectric constant of 82.6BTnf/PVDF, but the composite material’s dielectric constant is only 62.4, an increase of 32%. The dielectric loss of the 41.8vol% BTnf-Ag composite material is 0.053, and the dielectric loss constant of the BTnf/PVDF composite material is 0.049; the dielectric loss is reduced by 8% year-on-year. Ferroelectric ceramic composites prepared by adding silver ions have ideal dielectric properties and enhanced energy storage density.

Anti-Electromagnetic Interference Design of Rail Transit Vehicles Based on the Magnetic Induction and Magnetoelectric Characteristics of Ferroelectric Ceramics

The various properties of ferroelectric ceramics bring extremely rich colors to life. Its various properties such as dielectric properties, electromagnetic properties, and anti-magnetic interference properties have been successively studied in various fields, except for stone carvings, outdoor environmental sculptures, ornamental ceramics, etc. Because of its superior performance, it can also be used in aircraft manufacturing, anti-interference materials for train tracks, and can even realize unmanned driving, workshop networks and other environments, which can meet the normal operation of electronic equipment in the car under the state of preventing external electromagnetic interference. This requires the superior electromagnetic properties of ferroelectric ceramics. Dielectric properties, dielectric relaxation, and ferromagnetic effects all need to be optimized. This article first introduces the performance test methods of ferroelectric ceramics, and describes the dielectric relaxation through Debye equation He phenomenon, test dielectric loss and dipole interaction, magnetic coupling effect and multiferrocity, and carry out electromagnetic coexistence, based on MATLAB/Simulink rail vehicle dynamics model, composed of sensors, control center and bogie, forming a coupling The functioning anti-roll structure makes the magnetic potential energy evenly distributed in the track span, forming a single suspended electromagnet modular transportation train dynamic model, which can carry the load force of the air and the gravity of the module itself. The traditional solid-phase method is used to dope at the A site. As the doped sample gradually increases, the peak value of the derivative peak changes, causing the original diamagnetic sample to carry a certain degree of ferromagnetism, and the doping amount and ferromagnetism are positively correlated. Then, experiments were performed on the composite ferroelectric ceramic materials doped with ion pairs, and the tests were carried out at different temperatures and different doping amounts. The conclusions about the coupling of dielectric constant, dielectric loss, magnetic properties and magneto electric properties were obtained and obtained the anti-magnetic interference ability. The application in the anti-magnetic interference of rail trains has a certain guiding effect. The results show that when the doping amount reaches m = 0.02, the dielectric loss is reduced by 22.58 times. The impedance change rate of the ferroelectric ceramic material with no doped Al3 +-Li + ion pair under 9 kOe is 3.95%, while at m = 0.015 Al3+ With -Li + doping, the impedance change rate of ferroelectric ceramics is 14.45%, which is 3.17 times the original.

Ultra-slim electrostrains with superior temperature-stability in lead-free sodium niobate-based ferroelectric perovskite

Large electrostrains with high temperature stability and low hysteresis are essential for applications in high-precision actuator devices. However, achieving simultaneously all three of the aforementioned features in ferroelectric ceramics remains a considerable challenge. In this work, we firstly report a high unipolar electrostrain (0.12% at 60 kV/cm) in (1–x)NaNbO3-x[(Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3] (NN-xBCZT) ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics with excellent thermal stability (variation less than 10% in the temperature range of 30–160 °C) and ultra-low hysteresis (<6%). Secondly, the high-field electrostrain response is dominated by the intrinsic electrostrictive effect, which may account for more than 80% of the electrostrain. Furthermore, due to the thermal stability of the polarization in the pure tetragonal phase, the large electrostrain demonstrates extraordinarily high stability from room temperature to 140 °C. Finally, in-situ piezoelectric force microscopy reveals ultra-highly stable domain structures, which also guarantee the thermal stability of the electrostrain in (NN-xBCZT ferroelectrics ceramics. This study not only clarifies the origin of thermally stable electrostrain in NN-xBCZT ferroelectric perovskite in terms of electrostrictive effect, but also provides ideas for developing applicable ferroelectric ceramic materials used in actuator devices with excellent thermal stability.

Electrocaloric Effect in Sodium Bismuth Titanate Based Ferroelectric Composites

Mixed system of (1-x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3+(x)SrTiO3 (NBT-ST) where x=0.075, 0.125, 0.150, 0.200 ferroelectric ceramic materials are synthesized using modified pechini method. These optimized compositions are used for study of polarization versus electric field (P-E) loops. The ferroelectric response of the samples is investigated as a function of temperature. Remnant polarization of exhibited loops observed to decrease with increasing temperature. PE data is used to estimate the electrocaloric properties. Maximum entropy change, full width at half maximum, relative cooling power is obtained from theoretical calculations.

Barium titanate (BaTiO3): A study of Structural, optical and dielectric properties

Hereby, we report on the synthesis on of the prominent dielectric and ferroelectric BaTiO3 ceramic material, its synthesis by solid state reaction method and its structural and optical and dielectric studies. The structural studies were carried out using XRD and FTIR studies. Optical bandgap about 3.5 eV was estimated using UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra. Dielectric studies of the synthesized sample reveals the sample to be good dielectric material. It inherit higher value of dielectric constant and relatively low loss of dielectric values. The enhanced dielectric constant, dielectric loss value and optical bandgap properties reveals the sample is a good material for electronic device applications.

Thermal expansion of solid solutions of the Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 system near lead zirconate

Ferroelectric ceramic materials based on the Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) system were obtained by two-stage solid-phase synthesis followed by sintering using conventional ceramic technology. On the basis of the studies correlations between the thermal expansion and structural parameters of the investigated solid solutions were established. It was concluded that the obtained data are recommended to be used in the development of devices based on solid solutions with the participation of the PZT system.

Superior energy storage performance coupled with excellent electrical characteristics in lead-free Ba0.8Ca0.2TiO3-(Bi0.80Mg0.20) (Ti0.65Mg0.30)O3 ceramics

Multi-layer ceramic capacitors with high recoverable energy storage density and large energy efficiency play a crucial in modern electronic devices. Various ferroelectric ceramic materials with relaxor characteristics and large dielectric constant are the most favorable candidates for achieving superior energy storage performance. Herein, a novel lead-free (1−x)Ba0.80Ca0.20TiO3-x (Bi0.80Mg0.20)(Ti0.65Mg0.30)O3 (BCT-BMT) ceramic materials were prepared by two-stage mechano-chemical activation technique. BMT substitution in Ca modified BaTiO3 has resulted in substantial improvement in microstructural characteristics and subsequently an improvement in energy storage performance in comparison to pure BCT. The introduction of BMT in BCT has resulted in transformation into relaxor ceramics, which is vital for obtaining high recoverable energy storage density and large energy efficiency. In the present investigation, the composition with 0.65BCT-0.35BMT shows a typical relaxor characteristic, large breakdown strength, and a substantially large dielectric constant. As a result of improvement in electrical properties, the composition 0.65BCT-0.35BMT possesses an ultra-high recoverable energy density of 3.09 J cm−3 along with a moderately high energy efficiency of ∼80.15%. The obtained results indicate the effectiveness of BMT substitution on the energy storage properties and excellent compatibility between BCT and BMT phases.