Ferrite Magnets Research Articles

Effect of Bismuth Oxide on the Structure, Electrical Resistance and Magnetization of Lithium Zinc Ferrite

The structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of lithium zinc ferrite prepared by ceramic technology have been studied. The composition of lithium zinc ferrite is Li0.4Fe2.4Zn0.2O4 with 1 and 2 wt % bismuth oxide. The addition of Bi2O3 prior to sintering of the samples has been shown to affect the structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of the ferrite. A significant increase in density from 4.47 to 4.65 g/cm3 and a decrease in porosity from 4.8 to 2.3% have been observed when the concentration of bismuth oxide has been increased to 2 wt %. The Bi2O3-containing samples have higher specific electrical resistivity compared to that of the additive-free lithium zinc ferrite. The introduction of bismuth oxide has reduced the specific saturation magnetization from 70.55 to 54.76 G cm3/g. The Curie temperature has not changed significantly. An optimal combination of macroscopic properties of ferrite has been found at 1 wt % Bi2O3 concentration.

Diagnosis and treatment of magnetic foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract is the experience of four centers

Abstract Introduction. Magnetic foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract are a relatively rare problem of pediatric urgent surgery, meanwhile, in the structure of foreign bodies they are the most difficult both in terms of timely diagnosis and treatment. There are no generally accepted therapeutic and diagnostic standards, traditional algorithms for managing patients with foreign bodies, focused on dynamic observation, are not correct; algorithms described in foreign literature contradict each other. The frequency of surgical interventions is high, and the risk of complications is high. Surgical tactics leave many "white spots". All of this leaves this issue open for discussion. Materials and methods. The experience of treating 76 patients with magnetic foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract in four pediatric surgical hospitals for the period 2010-2023 was analyzed. The study included patients with neodymium magnetic balls from the constructor – 38 people (50%), 30 people (39.5%) with neodymium magnets of a different shape and purpose, 6 people (7.9%) with ferrite magnets, 2 people (2.6%) with magnets of an unidentified nature. Results and discussion. The average age of the patients was 4 ± 3.65 years. The fact of ingestion of a foreign body was revealed in the anamnesis in 46 (60.5%) cases. Mental illnesses were diagnosed in 4 children – 5.3%, which is higher than the average in the child population. Clinical symptoms were found in 4 (11.8%) children with a single magnetic foreign body and in 33 (78.6%) with multiple. The main diagnostic method was an overview X-ray of the abdominal cavity (70 cases - 92%), which allowed to identify both a foreign body and possible complications (signs of obstruction, free gas in the abdominal cavity). Fibrogastroduodenoscopy was performed in 50 cases (65.8%), of which a foreign body was detected in 34 (68% of all cases), including in 28 cases the foreign body was removed. Other diagnostic methods (ultrasound, spiral computed tomography) were used much less frequently. Among the treatment methods, open types of surgical intervention prevailed – 32 cases (42%). Laparoscopy was used in isolated cases. Conclusion. Magnetic foreign bodies are the most difficult category of foreign bodies, both in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Diagnosis often depends on anamnesis data and, in its absence, is often delayed, and the frequency of intraoperative diagnosis remains high. Among the diagnostic methods, it is difficult to identify a universal one that can be recommended as the "gold standard", however, the most widely used and practical informative is an overview radiograph of the abdominal cavity and FGDS. Among the methods of surgical treatment, the role of laparoscopic technologies is relatively small, endoscopic removal is mainly performed, or "open" surgery is used.

Study of the magnetic and structural properties of BaFe12 – xCuxO19 ferrites obtained by hydrothermal synthesis

Hexagonal ferrites of M-type (in particular, BaFe12O19) are magnetic materials with functional characteristics affected both by chemical composition and technology of their synthesis. We present the results of studying the magnetic and structural properties of BaFe12 – xCuxO19 hexaferrites (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) obtained by hydrothermal synthesis with partial substitution of copper for iron. The composition of the synthesized samples was analyzed using X-ray diffraction, and the magnetic characteristics were measured using a vibration magnetometer. It has been revealed that the coercivity of the ferrite powders depends non-monotonically on the copper concentration and reaches the maximum (5629 Oe) and minimum (4698 Oe) values at x = 0 and x = 0.2. The presence of copper reduces the coercive force, but at the same time the values remain rather high compared to the results of similar studies. The saturation magnetization of the obtained ferrites gradually decreases (from 65.88 to 60.75 A · m2/kg at x = 0 and x = 0.4, respectively) with increasing. The distribution of Cu over ferrite sublattices was studied using Mössbauer spectroscopy. It is shown that in the hexaferrite structure, copper ions preferentially occupy 12k and 4f1 sites. Hence, a decrease in the saturation magnetization with increasing x is most likely attributed to the presence of side non-magnetic phases observed on X-ray diffraction patterns. It is also revealed that during synthesis, copper participates in the formation of low-melting phases on the surface of hexaferrite grains which promotes agglomeration of the particles. Thus, the resulting powders can potentially be sintered at lower temperatures and, therefore, without a significant increase in the size of crystallites. Herewith, the coercivity retains its original high values. The results obtained can be used in developing ferrite permanent magnets with improved characteristics.

4D printing of the ferrite permanent magnet BaFe12O19 and its intelligent shape memory effect

4D printing of the barium ferrite permanent magnets provides new opportunities for intelligent structure and process innovation of permanent magnets. In this paper, the preparation, filament manufacture, and intelligent printing methods with shape memory/recovery effect are studied for the barium ferrite permanent magnet. Firstly, the PLA/TPU/BaFe12O19 composite materials are developed by adding different contents of ferrite permanent magnet BaFe12O19 powders into the PLA/TPU (polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane) matrix. The weight percentage of the BaFe12O19 is 10–40 wt% with an interval of 10 wt%. Secondly, the composites are pelletized and further extruded to manufacture composite filaments with different BaFe12O19 contents. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used for the microstructural analysis. The BaFe12O19 particles are uniformly distributed in the PLA/TPU matrix, and the slight particle agglomeration phenomenon occurs in the composite filaments with 30 and 40 wt% BaFe12O19. The thermal properties of PLA/TPU/BaFe12O19 composite filaments are analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). After adding the barium ferrite particles, the glass transition temperature of the composite filaments changes within a small range from 53.5 °C to 55 °C. Thirdly, the filaments are successfully manufactured to magnet parts by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing for the tests of mechanical, magnetic, and shape recovery properties. With the increase of the barium ferrite content, the magnetic properties show a rising trend, proving the feasibility of using 3D printing technology to make magnets. The shape memory effects of the printed parts are excellent and the shape recovery ratios show a rising trend, from 85.6 % to 88.9 % under heat contact stimulus and from 88.9 % to 97.8 % under electromagnetic induction non-contact stimulus. Relatively, the parts hold fast response speed due to direct contact with the heat source under the heat stimulus, and the parts hold higher shape recovery ratios due to more heats produced under the electromagnetic induction stimulus. The addition of magnetic particles is helpful to improve the heat transfer ability and provide the possibility of non-contact heat transfer. The magnetic parts with complex structure and intelligent shape memory/recovery effect can be achieved for special application requirements. As a result, the research of this paper expands preparation methods of new magnetic composite materials, explores the manufacture process for intelligent magnets and lays a solid foundation for the development of new permanent magnet devices.

Impact of Co2+ substitution on structure and magnetic properties of M-type strontium ferrite with different Fe/Sr ratios

Abstract Ion substitution has significantly improved the performance of ferrite magnets, and cobalt remains a key area of research. Studies on the mechanism of Co2+ in strontium ferrite, especially SrFe2n–x Co x O19–δ (n = 6.1–5.4; x = 0.05–0.20) synthesized using the ceramic method, showed that Co2+ preferentially enters the lattice as the Fe/Sr ratio decreases. This results in a decrease in the lattice constants a and c due to oxygen vacancies and iron ion deficiency. The impact of Co substitution on morphology is minor compared to the effect of the Fe/Sr ratio. As the Fe/Sr ratio decreases and the Co content increases, the saturation magnetization decreases. The magnetic anisotropy field exhibits a nonlinear change, generally increasing with higher Fe/Sr ratios and Co content. These changes in the performance of permanent magnets are attributed to the absence of Fe3+ ions at the 12k + 2a and 2b sites and the substitution of Co2+ at the 2b site. This suggests that by adjusting the Fe/Sr ratio and appropriate Co substitution, the magnetic anisotropy field of M-type strontium ferrite can be effectively optimized.

Optimal Design of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle Applications Using a Machine Learning-Based Surrogate Model

This paper presents an innovative design for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), targeting enhanced performance for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The proposed motor features a double V-shaped rotor structure with irregular ferrite magnets embedded in the slots between the permanent magnets. This design significantly enhances torque performance. Furthermore, a machine learning-based surrogate model is developed by integrating fine and coarse mesh data. Optimized using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), this surrogate model effectively reduces computational time compared to traditional finite element analysis (FEA).

Influence of calcination temperature and particle size distribution on the physical properties of SrFe12O19 and BaFe12O19 hexaferrite powders

The paper deals with the economic optimisation of ferrite powder preparation during producing hard ferrite magnets. The magnetic properties of ferrites are investigated by replacing feedstock and reducing calcination temperature and particles in the order of tens of microns. The granulates about 8–10 mm in size were calcined for 2 h in the temperature range from 1100 °C to 1300 °C and additionally crushed and milled to an average particle size of about 80–90 µm. The scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the agglomerates of particles with different shapes and sizes in tens of µm. The X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that, besides the SrFe12O19 and BaFe12O19 phases, there was also the presence of 2–39% hematite. The highest values of maximum energy product (BH)max = 930 J/m3 and remanent magnetic induction Br = 72.8 mT were obtained at a calcination temperature of 1300 °C. The Henkel plots confirmed the presence of exchange-coupling and dipolar magnetic interactions at lower and higher magnetic fields, respectively. The strength of interactions was also dependent on the calcination temperature. Replacing strontium with barium led to a deterioration of the magnetic parameters, which were optimal at a lower calcination temperature (1100 °C). This phenomenon was partly overcome by reducing the mean particle size of Ba-based hexaferrites to 45–50 µm.

Modelling and optimisation of the surface‐mounted permanent magnet machine with multi‐level array magnets

AbstractAn analytical and optimisation method is presented to improve the air‐gap magnetic field of the surface‐mounted permanent magnet machine with multi‐level array magnets, which can reduce air‐gap magnetic field harmonics and torque ripple. Different from the conventional analytical method (AM) around the entire single‐magnet pole, the modelling method of multi‐level equal‐thickness ferrite magnets with different remanences for improving the air‐gap flux density is investigated. Considering the influence of air‐gap relative permeability by stator slots and multi‐level magnet remanences on the air‐gap flux density, the proposed AM for improving air‐gap flux density is derived by analysing the slotless air‐gap flux density and slotted air‐gap relative permeability. The cogging torque is predicted with energy method by analysing the tangential magnetic field distribution at stator slots. Then, the back electromotive force is predicted by analysing the winding distribution and radial air‐gap flux density. Based on the proposed AM, the simulated annealing particle swarm optimisation algorithm is used by optimising the widths and thicknesses of the multi‐level array magnets to further reduce torque ripple and increase output torque. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed AM is verified by comparing with the finite element method.

Investigation of shaded pole stator topology for low power AC motors design

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the features of single phase shaded pole stator with squirrel–cage rotor or permanent magnet rotor, that leads to an investigation of these topoloties as induction motor or synchronous motor. The comparative analysis is realised for the following three topologies: single phase shaded pole induction motor (SPIM) with squirrel–cage rotor, the second topology (single phase synchronous motor) has the same stator configuration but with permanent magnet rotor and the third investigated topology is similar to the second one, where the stator poles instead of iron steel are made of soft composite material.Design/methodology/approachThe investigation in this work starts with a performance analysis of single-phase SPIM. Afterwards for the same stator topology the squirrel rotor is replaced with a two-pole permanent magnet rotor and the same performance analysis is realised for this topology. Finally, the second topology is improved bay replacing the iron steel stator poles with stator poles made of soft magnetic composite material and performance analysis is realised for this third type of topology as well. The performance analysis of all topologies is realised by implementation of finite element method and finite element analysis.FindingsThe presented data and diagrams from the realized investigation show that single phase synchronous motor with shaded pole stator has an improved characteristics in comparison with the initial single-phase SPIM. Finally, the third topology realized on the bases of the single-phase synchronous motor has the best performance characteristics due to the implementation of soft magnetic material in the realization of the stator poles. The proposed methodology for structural and performance improvement of a single-phase SPIM topology opens the possibility for additive manufacturing application and significant cost reduction.Originality/valueThe focus was put on exploration the possibilities of the single-phase shaded pole stator topology for application in low-power and low-cost single phase self-starting motors. By simple replacement of the squirrel–cage rotor, in the reference AKO-16 motor, with one-piece ferrite permanent magnet rotor, the self-starting single phase synchronous motor was derived. In the next step, owing to simplify the SPPM motor production process and manufacturing, the stator poles instead of iron steel lamination were made of soft composite material Somaloy®. It opens the possibility for additive manufacturing application and significant cost reduction.

Exploring Sintered Fe-(Ce, Nd)-B with High Degree of Cerium Substitution as Potential Gap Magnet.

The more effective use of readily available Ce in FeNdB sintered magnets is an important step towards more resource-efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective permanent magnets. These magnets have the potential to bridge the gap between high-performance FeNdB and hard ferrite magnets. However, for higher degrees of cerium substitution (>25%), the magnetic properties deteriorate due to the lower intrinsic magnetic properties of Fe14Ce2B and the formation of the Laves phase Fe2Ce in the grain boundaries. In this paper, sintered magnets with the composition Fe70.9-(CexNd1-x)18.8-B5.8-M4.5 (M = Co, Ti, Al, Ga, and Cu; with Ti, Al, Ga, and Cu less than 2.0 at% in total and Cobal; x = 0.5 and 0.75) were fabricated and analyzed. It was possible to obtain coercive fields for higher degrees of Ce substitution, which previous commercially available magnets have only shown for significantly lower degrees of Ce substitution. For x = 0.5, coercivity, remanence, and maximum energy product of µ0Hc = 1.29 T (Hc = 1026 kA/m), Jr = 1.02 T, and (BH)max = 176.5 kJ/m3 were achieved at room temperature for x = 0.75 µ0Hc = 0.72 T (Hc = 573 kA/m), Jr = 0.80 T, and (BH)max = 114.5 kJ/m3, respectively.

Structural Characterization and Magnetic Behavior Due to the Cationic Substitution of Lanthanides on Ferrite Nanoparticles.

A new series of [Fe3-xLnx]O4 nanoparticles, with Ln = Gd; Dy; Lu and x = 0.05; 0.1; 0.15, was synthesized using the coprecipitation method. Analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) indicate that all phases crystallized in space group Fd3¯m, characteristic of spinels. The XRD patterns, HRTEM, scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM-EDS), and Raman spectra showed single phases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Rietveld analysis, and Scherrer's calculations confirm that these materials are nanoparticles with sizes in the range of ~6 nm to ~13 nm. Magnetic measurements reveal that the saturation magnetization (Ms) of the as-prepared ferrites increases with lanthanide chemical substitution (x), while the coercivity (Hc) has low values. The Raman analysis confirms that the compounds are ferrites and the Ms behavior can be explained by the relationship between the areas of the signals. The magnetic measurements indicate superparamagnetic behavior. The blocking temperatures (TB) were estimated from ZFC-FC measurements, and the use of the Néel equation enabled the magnetic anisotropy to be estimated.

Calcination temperature effect on formability and magnetic properties enhancement of anisotropic Ca-La-Co substituted M-Type Sr-hexaferrites permanent magnets

In this study, Ca-La-Co substituted M-type Sr-Hexaferrites (Ca0.35La0.47Sr0.18Fe10.87Co0.22O19-δ) were prepared via conventional solid-state reaction, with the calcination temperature ranging from 1240℃ to 1290℃. The grain size of the calcined powder increased with the elevation of calcination temperature, and XRD characterization confirmed the formation of Sr-hexaferrite structure at higher temperatures. SEM analysis revealed hexagonal grain morphologies in the calcined samples. Additionally, the microstructure of the fine-milled magnetic powder transitioned from ultrafine particles to larger plate-like granules as the calcination temperature increased. Remarkably, the remanence (Br) showed an upward trend with increasing calcination temperature, peaking at 4571 Gauss, while the intrinsic coercivity (iHc) reached an optimized value of 5306 Oe at 1280℃. Notably, the formability of M-type Sr-hexaferrites was influenced by the calcination temperature, with the sintering radial shrinkage rate (Sh-D) being <12 % and the required molding pressure of magnetic powder being <500 kg/cm2, both contributing to improved yield and cost-effectiveness in ferrite permanent magnet production. These findings effectively address previous challenges associated with achieving high characteristics and formability, leading to comprehensive enhancements in magnetic properties, operability, and production efficiency. The anisotropic Ca-La-Co substituted M-Type Sr-hexaferrites permanent magnets produced in this study emerge as promising candidates for high-performance rare-earth-free permanent magnets, particularly showcasing the optimal effects achieved at the calcination temperature of 1280℃.

Effect of Mn–Nd co-doping on structure, magnetism, and electrochemistry of cobalt ferrite

Effect of Mn–Nd co-doping on structure, magnetism, and electrochemistry of cobalt ferrite

On the relation between performance and permanent demagnetisation in spoke type machines with ferrite magnets

On the relation between performance and permanent demagnetisation in spoke type machines with ferrite magnets

Impact of constant magnetic field on enhancing the microalgal biomass and biomolecules accumulations and life cycle assessment of the approach

Three freshwater microalgal species such as Chlorella protothecoides, Micractinium sp. and Scenedesmus obliquus were cultured under static magnetic field (SMF) and its influence on the accumulation of biomolecules (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates) and biomass production have been evaluated. This study involved the cultivation of the three microalgal species under the electromagnetic intensity of 80mT which was achieved using ferrite magnets. The SMF treatment showed a significant enhancement in biomass productivity of S. obliquus (0.098 g L−1 d−1) and C. protothecoides (0.114 g L−1 d−1). On compared to SMF untreated culture, Micractinium sp. resulted in a considerable reduction in biomass productivity by 10.9 % was observed. The constant SMF treatment for the total cultivation period (17 days) has significantly promoted the biomolecules accumulation (9 % lipids, 39 % protein, 16 % carbohydrates) and biomass (55 %) productivity of S. obliquus. The results suggested that SMF treatment exhibited a species-specific response in biomass productivity and biomolecules accumulation. Finally, to assess the feasibility of this strategy, economic feasibility and LCA simulation for SMF treated microalgal biomass and biomolecules production have been evaluated. LCA revealed that the magnetic field application for microalgal cultivation processes showed diversified impacts on environment as few indicators (Abiotic depletion, Acidification and Global warming) were better under magnetic application as compared to non-magnetic cultivation process.

Effect of post-annealing on magnetic anisotropy in La–Co co-substituted M-type strontium ferrite

We investigated the effect of post-annealing on the magnetic anisotropy in La–Co co-substituted magnetoplubite-type strontium ferrite, a matrix phase of commercial high-performance ferrite magnets. Post-annealing was found to be effective in controlling the distribution of substituted Co2+. The Co2+ distribution obtained by lower-temperature annealing shows higher magnetic anisotropy, suggesting that uniaxial magnetic anisotropy is enhanced only when Co2+ occupies the most stable occupied site, i.e., the 4f1 site in the tetrahedral coordination. Furthermore, the slower the cooling rate, the higher the anisotropy. The temperature-dependent Co2+ distribution predicted from the reported density functional theory calculations was compared with the actual anisotropy after annealing, yielding +2.3 meV/ion as the Co2+ anisotropy constant at the tetrahedrally coordinated site and −1.2 meV/ion as that at the octahedrally coordinated sites. Careful selection of heat treatment conditions leads to efficient use of cobalt, an element with supply risks.

Novel synthesis of CuFe2O4/g-C3N4 based on microwave ferromagnetic resonance effect for the thorough removal of TC in mariculture wastewater under natural sunlight

Superior separation of photogenerated carriers holds the key to intensive degradation of tetracycline (TC) in mariculture wastewater under natural sunlight. CuFe2O4/g-C3N4 (CFO/g) was synthesized by secondary microwave co-precipitation (SMCP) based on the ferromagnetic resonance absorption effect. Under the reaction conditions of pH = 6.5, CFO/g = 0.2 g/L, [H2O2] = 1 mM, 99.0 % TC removal was realized in 40 min. Enhanced performance for TC removal in high-salinity environments heavily relied on elevated ionic strength and rapid electron transfer of CFO/g in conjunction with high-salinity interactions. To ecologically remediate mariculture wastewater under natural sunlight, we immobilized powdered CFO/g to a ferrite magnet and devised a continuous flow reaction apparatus, incorporating the controlled injection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), to achieve the 100 % TC removal and simultaneously undertake the pretreatment of other contaminants (∼70 %). Ultimately, a safety assessment demonstrated that the degradation of mariculture wastewater by the CFO/g photo-Fenton system is a reliable and efficient technology, and the growth of clownfish remained unimpaired. SMCP successfully accelerated the conversion of high-valent metal ions to low-valent ones and eased the activation barriers of H2O2, enabling various active species to execute their respective roles productively. Innovative application of microwave resonance to enhance the magnetic properties of CFO/g and to support the equilibrium conversion of elemental valence states in high-salinity environments from real wastewater.

Effect of Sn4+–Co2+ co-substitution on structural and magnetic properties of SrFe12-2xSnxCoxO19 M–type strontium ferrite

With the continuous improvement of the performance of M–type ferrite, it has been paid more attention to and become more and more popular, and it has been applied to social production and development. For improving the magnetic properties of ferrite, the most common method used by researchers is ion replacement. This method of improving magnetic properties is the mainstream of research. In this study, SrFe12-2xSnxCoxO19 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) strontium ferrite with Sn4+ and Co2+ co-substitution was prepared using ceramic technology. The influence of Sn4+ and Co2+ co-substitution on the structure and magnetism of strontium ferrite were analyzed. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that as the substitution amount of Sn4+ and Co2+ ions increased, the main structure of strontium ferrite remained hexagonal. The morphology of the samples was analyzed by scanning electron microscope, and the results showed that the morphology of ferrite was mainly hexagonal strontium ferrite. Magnetic property show that the remanence (Br), coercivity (Hcj) and saturation magnetization (Ms) of the sample first increased and then decreased with the Sn4+- Co2+ ions increase of doping amount. When the substitution amount x = 0.15, the Ms reaches its maximum value of 83.8 emu/g, the Br reaches its maximum value of 405.4 mT. And when the substitution amount x = 0.05, Hcj reaches its maximum value of 312.5 kA·m−1.

Study on Performance Improvement through Reducing Axial Force of Ferrite Double-Layer Spoke-Type Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Core Skew

Recently, due to the price fluctuation and supply instability of rare earth mineral resources, there has been a lot of development of electric motors using non-rare-earth permanent magnets. As a result, motors using Dy-free permanent magnets and ferrite permanent magnets are being researched, and, in particular, ferrite permanent magnets often utilize spoke-type structures, which are magnetic flux concentrators, to compensate for their low coercivity and residual flux density. However, in general, spoke-type PMSMs do not use much reluctance torque, so double-layer spoke-type PMSMs have been studied for their more efficient design. Unlike general spoke-type PMSMs, double-layer spoke-type PMSMs can utilize high reluctance torque by increasing the difference between d-axis and q-axis reluctance. However, as the difference in magnetic resistance increases, vibration and noise are generated, which adversely affects the mechanical part and shortens the life of the motor. Although this problem seemed to be solved by applying core skew in the previous study, it was confirmed that the axial force caused by the axial leakage flux occurred in the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control section and the torque ripple was increased. Therefore, in this paper, a model that can apply symmetrical core skew and reduce axial force is proposed. First, the causes of the axial force generated in previous studies were analyzed. Based on the analysis of these causes, a new symmetrical core skew structure was proposed, and its justification was verified through FEA.

Investigation into the Influencing Factors of the Center Magnetic Force of Anisotropic Permanent Ferrite Magnets in Motor Stator Application

Investigation into the Influencing Factors of the Center Magnetic Force of Anisotropic Permanent Ferrite Magnets in Motor Stator Application