Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Research Articles

The effect of sous-vide cooking on the antioxidant properties of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus L.)

Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus L.) are renowned for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and prebiotic properties. This study explores the antioxidant characteristics, activity, and β-glucan content in freeze-dried mushroom samples, investigating the influence of sous-vide cooking. Uncooked freeze-dried P. ostreatus and three pre-cooked freeze-dried samples (70, 80, 90 °C through 4 hours) were analysed for Total Polyphenol Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), Radical Scavenging (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and β-glucans content via HPLC and Total Dietary Fiber (TDF) via enzymatic gravimetric method. Results indicate that uncooked mushroom powder exhibited superior antioxidant capabilities compared to cooked samples. The sous-vide cooked (80 °C) mushrooms displayed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content. Moreover, pre-cooked (70 °C) mushroom powder demonstrated the highest β-glucan content, significantly surpassing the uncooked control sample. Notably, pre-cooked groups (80, 90 °C) demonstrated significantly higher TDF levels compared to uncooked sample. This research offers valuable insights into the potential use of mushrooms as high-antioxidant, antimicrobial, and prebiotic food or feed supplements, with broad implications across various fields.

PAR level mediates the link between ROS and inflammatory response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by disrupted glucose homeostasis and metabolic abnormalities, with oxidative stress and inflammation playing pivotal roles in its pathophysiology. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a post-translational process involving the addition of ADP-ribose polymers (PAR) to target proteins. While preclinical studies have implicated PARylation in the interplay between oxidative stress and inflammation in T2DM, direct clinical evidence in humans remains limited. This study investigates the relationship between oxidative stress, PARylation, and inflammatory response in T2DM patients. MethodsThis cross-sectional investigation involved 61 T2DM patients and 48 controls. PAR levels were determined in peripheral blood cells (PBMC) by ELISA-based methodologies. Oxidative stress was assessed in plasma and PBMC. In plasma, we monitored reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. In PBMC, we measured the expression of antioxidant enzymes SOD1, GPX1 and CAT by qPCR. Further, we evaluated the expression of inflammatory mediators such as IL6, TNF-α, CD68 and MCP1 by qPCR in PBMC. ResultsT2DM patients exhibited elevated PAR levels in PBMC and increased d-ROMs in plasma. Positive associations were found between PAR levels and d-ROMs, suggesting a link between oxidative stress and altered PAR metabolism. Mediation analysis revealed that d-ROMs mediate the association between HbA1c levels and PAR, indicating oxidative stress as a potential driver of increased PARylation in T2DM. Furthermore, elevated PAR levels were found to be associated with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNF-α in the PBMC of T2DM patients. ConclusionsThis study highlights that hyperactivation of PARylation is associated with poor glycemic control and the resultant oxidative stress in T2DM. The increase of PAR levels is correlated with the upregulation of key mediators of the inflammatory response. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore their clinical implications.

Antioxidant and Anti-Arthritic Activities of Green Seaweed Halimeda tuna Methanolic Extract

Seaweed contains various bioactive compounds rich in pharmacological potentials, such as antioxidants and anti-arthritic. This study aims to determine the antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities of the methanolic extract of Halimeda tuna. Halimeda tuna samples were extracted using the maceration method and methanol. The methanol extract was tested for antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) and anti-arthritic activity using denatured bovine serum albumin (BSA). The methanol extract was also subjected to phytochemical and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Research results revealed that the extract yield was 0.50 ± 0.06%. Phytochemical analysis showed that H. tuna methanolic extract contained flavonoids, steroids, and alkaloids. GC-MS analysis showed that H. tuna methanolic extract contained steroids, fatty alcohols, and fatty acids. The antioxidant activity tests revealed an IC50 value of 299.98 ± 121.15 ppm and a FRAP value of 200.02 ± 8.50 M/g, categorized as a weak antioxidant. Anti-arthritic activity of H. tuna methanolic extract showed an IC50 value of 877.29 ± 209.84 ppm. The anti-arthritic activity of H. tuna methanolic extract was lower than sodium diclofenac as a standard drug. The extract of H. tuna has antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities; hence, further exploration is needed as an alternative potential in the pharmacological field.

A comparative biochemical characterization of Allium genetic resources of Türkiye

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine the variation in onion and garlic genetic resources collected from the Kelkit Valley, a unique biodiversity concerved region in Türkiye. For this purpose, 17 onion genotypes and 12 garlic genotypes were collected from local growers. A total of 9 biochemical analyses (total phenolic matter, total soluble protein, total dry matter, total flavonoid matter, ferric reducing antioxidant power, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity and ascorbic acid) were performed on bulb and leaf extracts of all genotypes. According to variance analysis of the biochemical results from the samples, the differences between genotypes for all parameters were found to be significant (p < 0.05). A post-hoc test (Tukey) and multiple means comparison were performed to analyze the results between groups in cases of significant differences. The results indicated that there is a large variation between different genotypes of both species and between both species and organs.

Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity against Moko Disease as a Defense Mechanism of Musa spp. from the Ecuadorian Coast Area.

The Musa spp. represents the most commonly produced, transitioned, and consumed fruit around the globe, with several important applications in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Moko disease is produced by Ralstonia solanacearum-a factor with a high impact on all crops in Ecuador, representing one of the biggest phytosanitary problems. Four of the most common varieties of Musa spp. were tested to identify the metabolic reaction of plants facing Moko disease. The phenolic and flavonoid content has been evaluated as a defense system, and the α-diphenyl-α-picrylhydrazyl free-radical-scavenging method (DPPH), free-radical-scavenging activity (ABTS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have been adapted to analyze the active compounds with the antioxidant capacity necessary to counteract the pathogenic attack. Our results indicate that all the studied varieties of Musa spp. react in the same way, such that the diseased samples showed a higher accumulation of secondary metabolites with antioxidant capacity compared with the healthy ones, with high active compound synthesis identified during the appearance of Moko disease symptoms. More than 40 compounds and their derivatives (from kaempferol and quercetin glycosides) with protective roles demonstrate the implication of the Musa spp. defense system against R. solanacearum infection.

Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity of Selected Eucalyptus Species: Review

Many medicinal plants and their essential oils are used to treat or prevent diseases without the risk of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, or teratogenicity. Eucalyptus essential oils are commonly used as preservatives, flavoring agents, and various consumer goods. Eucalyptus leaves are being widely studied due to their volatile essential oils, including 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, α- and β-pinene, limonene, citronellal, citral, eudesmol, terpinen-4-ol, terpineol, α–phellanderene, and 9β-sitosterol. Among these compounds, 1,8-cineole is the most abundant. Eucalyptus leaves are rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds and are thus a great source of antioxidants. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays were used to measure antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant activity of Eucalyptus essential oil is stronger than that of standard antibiotics such as erythromycin, cefixime, and gentamicin due to the presence of significant terpenoids in addition to phenolic chemicals and flavonoids. A lower IC50 indicates greater antioxidant potential. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids are often associated with beneficial health outcomes, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, anticancer properties, reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, prevention of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. Flavonoids also play essential roles in plants, including protecting against reduction, fertility, reproduction, and infection. Due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory properties, flavonoids are crucial for pharmacological, medical, and nutraceutical applications.

Iron nanoparticles prepared from South African acid mine drainage for the treatment of methylene blue in wastewater

In this study, three acid mine drainage (AMD) sources were investigated as potential sources of iron for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles using green tea extract (an environmentally friendly reductant) or sodium borohydride (a chemical reductant). Electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), ion chromatography (IC), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) techniques were used to characterize the AMD, and the most suitable AMD sample was selected based on availability. Additionally, three tea extracts were characterized using ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazine-hydrate (DPPH), and the most suitable environmentally friendly reductant was selected based on the highest FRAP (1152 µmol FeII/g) and DPPH (71%) values. The synthesized iron nanoparticles were characterized and compared using XRD, STEM, Image J, EDS, and FTIR analytical techniques. The study shows that the novel iron nanoparticles produced using the selected green tea (57 nm) and AMD were stable under air due to the surface modification by polyphenols contained in green tea extract, whereas the nanoparticles produced using sodium borohydride (67 nm) were unstable under air and produced a toxic supernatant. Both the AMD-based iron nanoparticles can be used as Fenton-like catalysts for the decoloration of methylene blue solution. While 99% decoloration was achieved by the borohydride-synthesized nanoparticles, 81% decoloration was achieved using green tea-synthesized nanoparticles.

Factors affecting the quality of supercritical carbon dioxide extract from Curcuma longa Linn in Thailand: Antioxidant and lipid composition

In this study, we examine the extraction factors affecting the quality of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extract of Curcuma longa Linn from Thailand, as well as the antioxidant and lipid composition. Temperature, pressure, extraction time, and moisture content in the turmeric sample all play crucial roles in the SCCO2 extraction. Higher temperatures and pressures lead to increased extraction yields. When using the SCCO2 technique with dry turmeric at a temperature of 32 °C, a pressure of 160 bar, and an extraction duration of 120 min, we achieved an extraction yield of 5.88 ± 1.09 %. The total phenolic content reached its peak, measuring 155.00 ± 0.81 mg GAE/g extract. The antioxidant activity, assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging activity method, displayed the most favorable results, with an IC50 of 1.34 ± 0.49 mg/mL. Furthermore, the dry turmeric samples contained a significant quantity of curcumin, namely 4.65 mg/L. Additionally, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the dry turmeric extract exceeded that of the fresh samples, measuring 322.19 ± 1.50 and 79.13 ± 1.42 mg FeSO4/g extract, respectively. These results highlight dry turmeric extracts as rich sources of monounsaturated fatty acids, constituting 64.14 % of the content, with the highest concentration for cis-10-heptadecenoic acid (17:1) at 51.45 %.

Improving the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fermented Milks with Exopolysaccharides-Producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains.

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) producing lactic acid bacteria have been claimed to confer various health benefits to the host, including the ability to face oxidative and inflammatory-related stress. This study investigated the ability of food-borne Lactiplantibacillus (Lpb.) plantarum to improve the antioxidant activity of fermented milks by producing EPSs. Two Lpb. plantarum strains, selected as lower and higher EPSs producers, have been applied in lab-scale fermented milk production, in combination with conventional starters. Antioxidant activity was investigated in vitro using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays while the ability to modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was evaluated in an intestinal healthy model, subjected to both oxidative and inflammatory stress. Furthermore, to verify whether digestion affects functionality, fermented milks were evaluated before and after in vitro-simulated INFOGEST digestion. The results showed an improved antioxidant activity of fermented milk enriched with Lpb. plantarum LT100, the highest EPSs producer. Furthermore, the data showed a different ROS modulation with a protective anti-inflammatory effect of samples enriched with Lpb. plantarum strains. Our data suggest the use of selected EPS-producing strains of Lpb. plantarum as a natural strategy to enrich the functionality of fermented milks in terms of ROS modulation and inflammatory-related stress.

Biological Characteristics, Domesticated Cultivation Protocol, Antioxidant Activity, and Protective Effects against Cellular Oxidative Stress of an Underutilized Medicinal Mushroom: Fomitopsis palustris.

Brown-rot fungus is one of the important medicinal mushrooms, which include some species within the genus Fomitopsis. This study identified wild macrofungi collected from a broad-leaved tree in Liaoning Province as Fomitopsis palustris using both morphological and molecular methods. To elucidate the potential medicinal and economic value of F. palustris, we conducted single-factor and orthogonal tests to optimize its mycelium culture conditions. Subsequently, we completed liquid culture and domestic cultivation based on these findings. Furthermore, crude polysaccharides were extracted from the cultivated fruiting bodies of F. palustris and their antioxidant activity was evaluated using chemical methods and cell-based models. The results showed that the optimal culture conditions for F. palustris mycelium were glucose as the carbon source, yeast extract powder as the nitrogen source, pH 6.0, and a temperature of 35 °C. Moreover, temperature was found to have the most significant impact on mycelial growth. The liquid strains were fermented for 6 days and then inoculated into a cultivation substrate composed of broadleaf sawdust, resulting in mature fruiting bodies in approximately 60 days. The crude polysaccharides extracted from the cultivated fruiting bodies of F. palustris (FPPs) possess in vitro scavenging abilities against DPPH radicals and OH radicals, as well as a certain ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Additionally, FPPs effectively mitigated H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7cells by enhancing the intracellular activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT, scavenging excess ROS, and reducing MDA levels. This study provides preliminarily evidence of the potential medicinal and economic value of F. palustris and offers initial data for the future development and utilization of this species.

LC−MS/MS−based metabolite profiling and antioxidant evaluation of three Indonesian orange varieties

The orange peel contains bioactive components with health−promoting effects, a rich source of antioxidants, and could be used for functional food. However, due to many factors, the composition and concentration of bioactive compounds from orange peels differ because of their variety. This study aims to identify the metabolite and evaluate the antioxidant activity of peels from Indonesian orange varieties, i.e., Rimau Gerga Lebong (RGL, Bengkulu), Brastagi (JBM, North Sumatra), and Garut (JSG, West Java). The metabolite profile was analyzed using LC−MS/MS and discriminated based on orange variety using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Antioxidant activity was measured using the 2,2 −diphenyl− 1 −picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), cupric ion−reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric−reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. In this study, the metabolite profile of orange peel proved to be rich in flavonoids like hesperidin, rutin, nobiletin, polyphenol−organic acids like p − coumaric acid, citric acid, quinic acid, and other metabolites from the class terpenoids, amino acids, and sugars. PCA separated each variety and HCA heatmaps showed variations in the distribution of identified metabolites. In the RGL variety, 47 metabolites were identified, dominated by flavonoids and terpenoids. As many as 44 metabolites in the JBM variety contain many amino acids and flavonoids. In JBM, 44 metabolites were identified with carboxylic and amino acids as the main compounds. RGL orange peel extract had the highest antioxidant activity using the DPPH and CUPRAC methods, whereas the FRAP method did not show significant differences. Regarding metabolites and antioxidant activity, RGL, JBM, and JSG orange peels can be developed as alternative functional foods.

Exploring the nutraceutical potential: Evaluating the nutritional and bioactive functions of five pomelo fruit varieties in Bangladesh

Pomelo (Citrus maxima), the largest citrus fruit, provides a variety of nutrients that have several health benefits, including antioxidant and antidiabetic functions. Antioxidants help combat oxidative stress by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing cellular damage. On the other hand, antidiabetic properties involve mechanisms such as enhancing insulin secretion, improving insulin sensitivity, inhibiting carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and regulating glucose metabolism. However, there is a lack of data on the comparative analysis of the physicochemical composition, bioactive properties, and antidiabetic effects of pomelo fruits grown in Bangladesh. To address this issue, the most common and popular high-yielding five cultivars of pomelo fruits grown in Bangladesh including LOCAL, BARI-2 (BARI: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Batabi Lebu-2), BARI-3, BARI-4, and BARI-6 were evaluated concerning proximate, minerals, and physicochemical properties with their antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Research has revealed that all pomelo varieties contained a significant amount of proximate compositions and major minerals (Ca, Mg, K, Na, and Fe). The highest juice yield (75.37 ± 0.33 %), vitamin C content (79.56 ± 2.26 mg/100 mL of fresh juice), and carotenoid content (919.33 ± 0.62 μM β-Carotene Equivalent/g DM) were found in BARI-3 pomelo fruit and adhered to the sequence (p < 0.05): BARI-3 > LOCAL > BARI-4 > BARI-6 > BARI-2; BARI-3 > LOCAL > BARI-2 > BARI-4 > BARI-6, and BARI-3 > BARI-2 > BARI-6 > LOCAL > BARI-4, respectively. The anthocyanin content and inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase were found to be at their peak in the BARI-2 pomelo variety and the values were 50.65 ± 2.27 μg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents/100 g DM and 85.57 ± 0.00 μM acarbose equivalents/g DM, respectively. BARI-3 pomelo variety showed highest DPPH antioxidant capacity (170.47 ± 0.01 μM Trolox equivalents/g DM), while the BARI-6 pomelo variety exhibited the highest total phenolic content (6712.30 ± 1.84 μg gallic acid equivalents/g DM), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power activity (183.16 ± 0.01 μM Fe(II) equivalents/g DM). Therefore, this study explores the nutritional value and bioactivity of five popular pomelo varieties in Bangladesh, offering valuable insights for utilizing high-value citrus resources and understanding their health-promoting functions.

Analysis of Quantitative Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf, Stem, and Bark of Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes.

To the best of our knowledge, there was no prior report providing valuable preliminary data through a demonstration of the quantitative phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Gymnosporia senegalensis. The total contents of phenols, flavonoid, flavanol, tannin, and saponin were evaluated from different fractions extracted from the leaf, stem, and bark of G. senegalensis by using standards such as gallic acid, quercetin, rutin, tannic acid, and saponin quillaja. The antioxidant potential was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide scavenging (H2O2), superoxide anion radical scavenging, metal chelating ferrous ion, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Data were subjected to half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p < 0.05 as a significant value. The total phenol content was found to be highest in the chloroform extract of stem at 97.7 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g. The total flavonoid and flavonol contents in the aqueous extract were 97.1 ± 0.03 mg QE/g and 96.7 ± 0.07 mg RE/g, respectively. The total tannin content in the ethyl acetate extract of leaf was 97.5 ± 0.01 mg TAE/g, and the total saponin content in the methanol extract of stem was 79.1 ± 0.06 mg SQE/g. The antioxidant analysis indicated that IC50 and percentage (%) inhibition were dose-dependent and showed the highest antioxidant activity (40.9 ± 0.9 µg/mL) in methanol extract of leaf for DPPH, (88.8 ± 1.12 µg/mL) in the chloroform extract of stem for H2O2, (43.9 ± 0.15 µg/mL) in the aqueous extract of bark for superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, (26.9 ± 0.11 µg/mL) in the chloroform extract of leaf for the metal chelating ferrous ion activity, (7.55 ± 0.10 mg/mL) in the benzene extract of leaf for FRAP, and (2.97 ± 0.01 mg/mL) in the methanol extract of bark for TAC. These results show that G. senegalensis has great potential in antioxidant activities. The isolation and characterization of specific bioactive compounds and the in vivo applicability of such activity await further extensive studies for drug discovery and development.

Cytotoxicity Screening of Sterculia striata A.St.-Hil. & Naudin (Chichá) and Arachis hypogaea L. (Peanut) and Comparative Chemical Profiles Before and After in Vitro Digestion.

This study traced the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and phytochemical profile before and after in vitro digestion of nuts from Sterculia striata A. St.-Hil. & Naudin (Malvaceae) (chichá or monkey's peanut), a native plant from Brazil, in comparison with Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut). The antioxidant activity in the 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP) assays was lower in chichá when compared with peanuts, corroborating the lower concentration of polyphenols. None of the samples studied showed significant cytotoxicity in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromideDAD: diode-array detection (MTT) assays. In vitro digestion altered the phytochemical profile in both plants, increasing the concentration of rutin in fresh and roasted chichá but only in raw peanuts. In roasted peanuts, rutin was converted into quercetin. Chichá nuts have been used by the local population for centuries, and the identification of their bioactive components can be useful to promote their benefits as a functional food.

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Tagetes filifolia Lag. essential oil from Peruvian Andes

The chemical composition of the essential oil from the aerial parts (leaves and flowers) of Tagetes filifolia Lag. grown in the Peruvian Andes was examined throughout the gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Fifty-seven compounds were identified representing more than 99% of the essential oil. Phenylpropanoids had the major percentage, including (E)-anethol (85.0%) and estragole (12.9%) as the most abundant compounds. A multivariate analysis was performed using hierarchical cluster analysis to examine the relationship between the studied sample and other T. filifolia specimens from 21 essential oil compositions reported in the literature. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis reveals three groups: (E)-anethole/estragole, estragole/(E)-anethole and an outlier (Z)-anethole/estragole. In addition, antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. The essential oil had a moderate scavenging effect and ferric reducing capacity.

Phytochemicals profiling of Cassia fistula fruit extract and its effect on serum lipids and hematological parameters in high‐fat diet‐induced hyperlipidemic female rats

AbstractCassia fistula (C. fistula) has shown strong anti‐inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antitussive, antibacterial, and antifungal properties and is being used for healing wounds and gastrointestinal illness. This study was planned to obtain fruit extract from C. fistula using ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) technique and evaluated for phytochemical contents, anti‐hyperlipidemia, and hematological parameters. The results showed that total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), condensed tannin (CT), and saponins were 13.07 mg GAE/g, 5.24 mg QE/g, 4.01 mg/g, and 27.55%, respectively, in the extract. Proximate composition of the extract showed 2.48%, moisture, 1.25% fat, 2.80% ash, 4.59% fiber, 11.93% protein, and 76.95% NFE. The 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) activity was 63.30 μg/mL and 15.02 nmol/g, respectively. High‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced hyperlipidemic rats were orally administrated with 0.5 and 1.0 g of extract/kg body weight (bw) daily. The reduction of total cholesterol (TC: 90.83 ± 8.86 mg/dL), triglycerides (TG; 74.16 ± 9.10 mg/dL), and low‐density lipoproteins (LDL; 74.83 ± 4.66 mg/dL) and increase of high‐density lipoproteins (HDL; 41.83 ± 8.4 mg/dL) was observed. Significant changes in red blood cells (RBCs; 8.03 ± 0.67106/μL), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC; 35.02 ± 1.78 g/dL), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH; 18.00 ± 0.26 pg), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV; 55.36 ± 4.01 fL) at 1.0 g extract intake was observed. Extract administration also improved significantly liver enzymes, body weight, and liver morphology. Therefore, C. fistula extract can be effectively used as a therapeutic agent to improve serum biochemistry and hematological values.

Formulation and characterization of herbal tea from hibiscus (hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and lemon verbena (aloysia citrodora)

ABSTRACT This study aimed to produce herbal tea using an infusion of Hibiscus with Lemon verbena. Dried Hibiscus calyces and lemon verbena leaves were combined in a percentage of: 90:5 (HL1), 90:10 (HL2), 85:15 (HL3), 80:20 (HL4), 75:25 (HL5), 70:30 (HL6), 65:35 (HL7), 60:40 (HL8), 55:45 (HL9), 50:50 (HL10), respectively, and commercial tea and 100% Hibiscus were used for comparison. The formulated tea was evaluated for pH, total soluble solids (TSS), color density, hue tint, total phenolics, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), sensory acceptance (7-hedonic scale) and their correlation were determined. No significant differences (p > .05) were found for total soluble solids (TSS). The pH, total flavonoids, total phenolics and antioxidant capacities of blended tea were significantly decreased with the concentrations of calyces. The blended tea had sensory acceptance with incorporation of 10–45% dried lemon verbena leaves, and potential phytochemical and antioxidant capacities.

Quality of durum wheat pasta fortified with different ratios of turmeric residue powder

Turmeric starch production generates turmeric residue which is rich in dietary fiber and bioactives. In the current investigation, turmeric residue powder (TRP) was added to durum wheat semolina at 0 (control), 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 % of the blend mass to make pasta, and the quality of fortified pasta was evaluated. The increase in supplementation level of TRP from 0 to 15 % enhanced the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging capacity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power of the incorporated pasta by 10.9 and 29.8 times, respectively; additionally, the total dietary fiber and phenolic contents of pasta were also improved by 1.8 and 12.6 times, respectively. A large proportion of TRP in the pasta recipe decreased the hardness, cohesiveness, elongation rate, tensile strength, water absorption index, swelling index, volume increase, and overall acceptability of the product while increasing its adhesiveness and cooking loss. The overall sensory scores for the pasta samples added with 3 or 6 % TRP were acceptable. The TRP was, therefore, a novel source of dietary fiber and antioxidants, which has the potential to develop functional pasta products.

Biological activity, chemical composition, and molecular docking of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC

AbstractThere is a significant effort to explore the potential pharmacological activity of natural products derived from plant extracts. The goal is to generate new compounds that could be used for therapeutic purposes. Eugenia punicifolia is a shrub that grows widely all over the world. As a natural cure for diabetes, fever, flu and inflammation, leaves of this medicinal plant are often used in decoction or aqueous infusion. The goal of the study was to record the molecular docking, antioxidant, chemical composition, and alpha-glucosidase inhibition of E. punicifolia. A number of parameters were evaluated in order to confirm its efficacy, including Total Phenolic Content (TPC), TFC (Total Flavonoid Content), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), DPPH radical scavenging activity, inhibition of α-glucosidase, chemical composition, and molecular docking. The leaf ethanolic exhibited robust antioxidant activity with respect to radical scavenging activity, TPC (Total phenolic content), reducing power, TFC (Total Flavonoid Content), and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity at concentrations of 26.7 µg/mL, 18.9 mmol/g, 11.9 mg GAE/g, 13.5 mg QE/g, and 18.9 µg/mL, respectively. In the ethanolic leaf extract, Z-8-Methyl-9-tetradecenoic acid (28.6%) was the main component. The five compounds (− 121.208 kcal/mol, − 120.465 kcal/mol, − 105.572 kcal/mol, − 104.497 kcal/mol, and − 102.256 kcal/mol) were selected as the top lead compounds, respectively. The lead compounds that were found had drug-like properties and were suitable for oral administration. In addition, it was noted that they exhibited non-toxic features and favorable ADME-Tox characteristics, except for compound 6, which displayed toxicity. The leaves exhibited potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors.

Bay Laurel of Northern Morocco: A Comprehensive Analysis of Its Phytochemical Profile, Mineralogical Composition, and Antioxidant Potential

Laurus nobilis, sometimes referred to as laurel, has been used for medicinal and culinary purposes for a very long time. The main subjects of this study are the phytochemical composition, mineralogical profile, and potential antioxidant properties of Laurus nobilis in Tangier, Northern Morocco. For phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV-MS) was used, and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to identify each individual component. Minerals were studied by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF). Total tannin, flavonoid, and phenolic amounts were quantified using aqueous and methanolic extracts. The antioxidant properties were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Research has revealed a complex array of phytochemicals, including tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Mineral analysis has revealed the existence of vital components that are beneficial to health. Comparing the methanolic extract to the water extract, it demonstrated higher levels of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins as well as stronger antioxidant activity, indicating greater health benefits. This comprehensive study highlights the importance of Laurus nobilis from Northern Morocco as a reliable botanic resource with potential pharmaceutical, nutritional, and cosmetic uses.