Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Research Articles

Effects of Fermentation Temperatures on the Qualities of Monascus sp. PSRU03 Fermented Soybeans

This research evaluated the effects of fermentation temperatures on the qualities of soybeans fermented with Monascus sp. PSRU03. The conditions included consistent temperatures of 25°C for 20 days, 30°C for 20 days, and a cyclic pattern of 30°C for 4 days followed by 25°C for 16 days. The pigments and antioxidant properties of the fermented soybeans were evaluated. After fermentation, it was observed that the total pigment contents exhibited similarity across all conditions, with values ranging from 31.90 to 35.67 unit/g dry basis. Notably, Monascus sp. PSRU03 produced more yellow pigment than other colors, accounting for approximately 50-53%, which corresponded to a range of 6.94-14.31 unit/g dry basis. This phenomenon is distinctive in that the majority of industrially manufactured Monascus pigments are rich in red pigments. In terms of antioxidant properties, fermentation at 30°C produced the highest total phenolic compounds (6.10 mg GAE/g dry basis). However, DPPH radical-scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power were found to be not significantly different (P≥0.05) in all fermentation temperatures. These findings provide a foundation for optimizing industrial fermentation processes and exploring the health benefits of Monascus-fermented soybeans.

Nutritional, Functional, and Microbial Quality of Wheat Biscuits Enriched With Malted Pearl Millet and Orange Peel Flours

ABSTRACTIn this study, composite biscuits were produced by combining wheat flour (WF) with different proportions of malted pearl millet (MPM) flour (8%, 16%, 24%, and 32%) and orange peel (OP) flour (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%), using 100% WF as a control. The investigation covered the functional properties, viscosity, and thermal properties of the flours, along with the proximate composition, antioxidant, physical properties, color attributes, and microbial quality of the composite biscuits. As MPM and OP flour (OPF) contents increased, water absorption capacity, dispersibility, and foaming power increased, while the viscosities of both hot and cold pastes decreased. The thermal properties of the composite flours, including onset, peak, and final temperatures (ranging between 74.19°C and 100.76°C), showed an upward trend with increasing proportions of MPM and orange peel flour (OPF). There was an increase in moisture content (3.43%–4.93%), ash (4.50%–5.59%), crude protein (11.70%–13.41%), and crude fiber (11.44%–16.24%) of biscuits with the incorporation of MPM and OPF. Similarly, the diameter (4.12–4.60 mm), thickness (9.00–10.00 mm), and hardness (7.53–8.75 N) of the biscuits were increased. Antioxidant properties were evident, with an increased total phenolic content (1.40–3.56 mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoid content (2.91–6.79 mg QUE/100 g), vitamin C (0.79–1.01 mg/g), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (1.78–8.64 mg GAE/g). Conversely, color attributes—L* (31.90), a* (10.82), b* (19.59), hue angle (30.42), and chroma (53.66)—were found to decrease with higher levels of MPM and OPF. Microbial quality showed decreased total counts, coliforms, yeasts, and mold in biscuits containing MPM and OPF. Overall, the inclusion of MPM and OPF enhanced the nutritional quality of the biscuits and could reduce reliance on imported wheat.

Effect of nanoemulsified and encapsulated Planiliza abu protein on fortified yogurt

AbstractFortified dairy products such as yogurt have attracted a lot of attention due to the increasing concern for public health. This study aimed to determine the effects of nanoemulsified and a microencapsulated protein hydrolysate obtained from Planiliza abu on some of the properties of yogurt. The physicochemical, rheological, microbiological, and sensory evaluation of the fortified yogurt samples stored at 4°C were assessed during 21 days. The fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) < or >10 kDa protein were used. The amino acid profile of Planiliza abu was glutamic acid (78.99%), aspartic acid (59.53%), and lysine (53.54%). No significant change was observed in titratable acidity (TA) and pH of supplemented yogurts during refrigeration. The highest survival level of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), water‐holding capacity (WHC), and viscosity and the lowest syneresis were observed in fortified samples with FPH <10 kDa. The highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was achieved in yogurt fortified with nanoemulsion FPH < 10 kDa (NEh10a, 0.41 mg/g). The results showed that fortified yogurt with FPH, particularly less than 10 kDa, is among the desirable functional food with appropriate gel network and consistency as well as better taste and mouth feel, and higher overall acceptance.

Analysis of the nutritional composition of Bahraini breed camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk: fatty acid, mineral, phenolic, and antioxidant content

Camels live under extremely arid conditions, yet they can produce more milk than any other animal in the desert ecosystem. They also have a longer lactation duration as well as low nutrition requirements. This study aims to determine the fatty acids profile, minerals, antioxidant activity and total phenols/flavonoids content, in camel milk of the species Camelus dromedarius in Bahrain. Gas chromatography was employed to analyze the fatty acid methyl esters obtained after the extraction of fatty acids. Mineral concentrations were measured by an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer. Antioxidant measurements included total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, total flavonoid contents by AlCl3 colorimetric method, and total antioxidant activity by the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The fatty acids analysis (median(interquartile range) %) showed that the most predominant fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids (50.40(6.76) %), which were slightly higher than saturated fatty acids (49.60(12.17) %). The most abundant saturated fatty acids were C16:0 (26.73(6.73) %), C18:0 (12.32(4.28) %), and C14:0 (10.55(2.86)%). Monounsaturated fatty acid 18:1n9 was 31.5(5.66) %, and 16:1n7 was 12.75(2.19)%, while the major omega-3 was C18:3n3 (3.91(0.71) %). The main omega-6 were C18:2n6 and C18:3n6, accounting for 1.30(0.35) % and 0.94(0.21) %, respectively. The mineral content of camel milk varied, with the presence of macro minerals such as calcium (699.60 mg/L), sodium (855.18 mg/L), magnesium (9.33 mg/L) and potassium (87.09 mg/L). The results showed that camel milk has considerable values of total antioxidant activity (4.75(1.71) mmol/g), total phenolic contents (20.24(11.18) mg GAE/L) and total flavonoid contents (31.74(20.72) mg CE/L). In conclusion, although the (poly)phenol content in camel milk is relatively lower compared to certain plant-based sources, it can represent a good source of antioxidants, in addition to a significant content in unsaturated fatty acids and minerals, further enhancing its nutritional value for human health.

Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf Peptides: Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity in Human Colon Cancer Caco-2 Cell Line

Reactive oxygen species are produced as part of the cellular metabolism. However, lifestyle can promote an excess in their concentration. Free radicals react with DNA, promoting the appearance of cancer cells. Therefore, natural antioxidants have been suggested as an alternative to prevent this disorder. Peptides are protein fragments that have been produced from various plants. In previous work, Moringa oleifera leaf peptides (MOPHs) with antioxidant potential were generated and identified. However, the spectrophotometric methods used to evaluate their antioxidant activity do not fully reflect its potential. In this work, the antioxidant activity of MOPHs was assessed by the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and cellular antioxidant activity method on the human colon cancer cell line Caco-2. Also, their antiproliferative activity was evaluated. The MOPHs exhibited a FRAP activity of 1435 µmol TE/g, and at 500 µg/mL; the peptides did not show a cytotoxic effect on healthy colon CCD-18Co cells. Moreover, the MOPHs increased Caco-2 antioxidative activity to a greater extent by 73.45% and 83.62% at 250 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Regarding cellular proliferation, the MOPHs inhibited it by 78.19% and 90.20% at 200 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf peptides as functional ingredients with significant health benefits, demonstrating antioxidant and antiproliferative properties.

The Effectiveness of Extracts of Spent Grape Pomaces in Improving the Oxidative Stability of Grapeseed Oil

Spent grape pomace is a by-product of Grappa production that is usually considered waste. Therefore, in this study, in order to promote the sustainable use of by-products from the food industry, we aimed to optimize the extraction of antioxidants from spent grape pomace and their use to improve the oxidative stability of grapeseed oil. Ultrasound-assisted extraction maximized the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, with the latter measured according to the ferric reducing antioxidant power. The best extraction conditions identified for spent grape pomace from red and white grapes were an amplitude of 40%, a duration of 22 min and a ratio of 1:37 and an amplitude of 40%, a duration of 25 min and a ratio of 1:45, respectively. Grapeseed oil, which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and susceptible to rancidity, fortified with 10%, 20% and 30% of these extracts was evaluated in terms of its oxidative stability using the Rancimat method and compared with a control oil and an oil fortified with the synthetic antioxidant BHT at the highest legal level (200 ppm). For oil fortified with 30% of the extracts obtained from red and white pomace under the best conditions, increases in the induction time of 39% and 25% compared to the control and 23.01% and 10.62% compared to the BHT-fortified oil, respectively, were reported. This study highlights the potential of using grape pomace extracts as eco-friendly antioxidants to stabilize oil and contribute to the sustainability of the food industry at the same time.

Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction using response surface methodology and HPLC-DAD phenolic compounds quantification from Hylocereus undatus peel and pulp cultivated in Tunisia

The present study aimed to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction process for both the peel and pulp of Hylocereus undatus (white dragon fruit) cultivated in Tunisia, using response surface methodology. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) antioxidant activities were optimized. A central composite design (CCD) was applied, considering three key variables: extraction time, extraction temperature, and liquid-to-solid ratio. The optimized extraction parameters for Hylocereus undatus peel and pulp were determined respectively (9.57 min, 42.20 °C and 27.79 mL/g) and (10.08 min, 40.84 °C and 31.52 mL/g). The main phenolic compounds identified in Hylocereus undatus peel and pulp extracts using HPLC-DAD were chlorogenic and caffeic acids and rutin, quercetin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside as flavonoids. Therefore, this research has revealed the potential of a sustainable and eco-friendly process hold promise a directional option and encouraging a circular economy approach for industrial production of antioxidant-rich Hylocereus undatus extracts.

Characterization of dark chocolates based on polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant activity.

Dark chocolates were characterized according to geographical origin, cocoa variety, and cocoa content using the methylxanthine and polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity as the data. The main study objective was to uncover sample patterns and identify possible markers of quality, variety, or origin to deal with authentication or fraud detection issues. In the study, a set of 26 dark chocolates from different varieties (e.g., Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario) harvested in Africa, America, and Asia was analyzed. The optimized sample treatment consisted of defatting the chocolate (1g of sample with 5mL of cyclohexane for 15min, three times) and then extracting the analytes by sonication with methanol/water 60:40 (v:v) for 15min. The filtered extracts were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV and spectrophotometric methods (Folin-Ciocalteu, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and aluminum methods) to determine individual phenolics and overall indexes of antioxidant and flavonoid content. Results from this chocolate set indicated that American samples are richer than African counterparts in alkaloids and phenolics (e.g., 1.7 vs. 1.1mgg-1 caffeine and 14.5 vs. 12.5mgg-1 total flavanols, respectively). Regarding cocoa varieties, Criollo cocoa was richer in bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity (e.g., 16, 15, and 12mgg-1 total flavanols for Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario, respectively). These results indicate that the analytes resulted in potential descriptors of varietal or geographical attributes.

Antioxidant, Apoptotic, and Wound Healing Effects of Xantolis Cambodiana Extracts in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts.

Xantolis cambodiana has demonstrated significant antioxidant properties; however, the mechanisms underlying its protective effects against oxidative stress in cellular systems remain unexplored. This work investigated the efficacy of methanolic extracts in exhibiting oxidative damage and examined their mechanisms. The methanolic extract had a high phenolic content (116.89±29.01 mg GAE/g FW) and exhibited scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals with an IC50 value of 42.35±9.20 μg/ml. In addition, it had the highest antioxidant activity based on ferric-reducing antioxidant power (467.45±50.74 mg AA/100 g). Normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were pretreated with the methanolic extract in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 500 mM)-induced oxidative stress model, which resulted in a significant decrease in apoptosis and autophagy. Not only did the methanolic extract reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, it also stimulated NHDF cell migration and reduced reactive oxygen species production through mitochondrial dysfunction in the H2O2-induced stress model. These findings suggested that the methanolic extract (25 μg/ml) attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative stress in NHDF cells, significantly reducing apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, this extract has the potential to support the wound healing process due to its antioxidant activity.

Is an antioxidant-rich or a pro-inflammatory diet during pregnancy associated with allergic and respiratory multimorbidity in children from the ELFE birth cohort?

The antioxidant capacity and the inflammatory potential of diet during pregnancy may represent a prevention opportunity for allergic and respiratory diseases. We aimed to investigate the associations between the antioxidant and inflammatory potential of maternal diet in the last three months of pregnancy with allergic and respiratory diseases in children. Analyses were performed on 9679 mother-child pairs from the ELFE birth cohort. The dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), without coffee, was estimated with the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), the total radical trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and the ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP). The inflammatory potential of the maternal diet was assessed by the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII). Allergic and respiratory diseases in children up to 5.5 years were considered jointly through five allergic and respiratory multimorbidity clusters ("asymptomatic" - reference, "early wheeze without asthma", "asthma only", "allergies without asthma", "multi-allergic"). Multinomial logistic regressions were performed and adjusted for main confounders. A diet with a higher antioxidant potential was associated with a lower risk of belonging to the "early wheeze without asthma" cluster (aOR(95%CI) = 0.95 (0.90;0.99) per standard deviation (SD) of TEAC score). A higher E-DII was associated with a higher risk of belonging to the "asthma only" cluster (aOR(95% CI)= 1.09 (1.00;1.19) per SD). No association was found with the "allergies without asthma" or "multi-allergic" clusters. An antioxidant-rich diet during pregnancy was associated with better respiratory health while a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with poorer respiratory health in children up to 5.5 years, though the associations were weak.

Supercritical CO2 green solvent extraction of Nepeta crispa: Evaluation of process optimization, chemical analysis, and biological activity

This research investigates the extraction of compounds from Nepeta crispa (N. crispa), utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide green solvent, for the first time. Using RSM, the study examines the impact of pressure (15-25MPa), temperature (313-333K), and co-solvent (0.5- 3.5%) on the extraction yield. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil is assessed through Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay, while its antibacterial properties are evaluated against four bacterial strains. The SCFE method achieved a maximum yield of 1.812% at optimum conditions (P= 25MPa, T= 313K and co-solvent= 3.5%). GC-Mass analysis revealed that the primary constituents of N. crispa essential oil which are 1,8-cineol and 4aα,7α,7aα-nepetalactone in both extraction methods. The antioxidant and antibacterial results of N. crispa showed the superiority of SC-CO2 over hydrodistillation method. These observed antioxidant and antibacterial attributes highlight the plant’s potential suitability for applications within the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Screening and Identification Quality Markers for Antioxidant Activity ofTetrastigma hemsleyanumfrom Different Origins using Spectrum-effect Correlation Analysis

Background::Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (THL) is a traditional medicinal plant with various biological activities, it has been validated that several THL extracts have strong pharmacological activities. Until now, there is no complete and systematic germplasm identification and quality evaluation standard.Objective::Establishing fingerprint spectra of THL from different sources, evaluating their antioxidant activity and identifying quality markers.Methods::In this paper, establishing fingerprints and identifying quality markers through UPLC-QTOF- MS/MS. The antioxidant capacity of forty-one batches of THL from multiple regions was determined by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulphonate) (ABTS), and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays.Results::The results indicated that THL methanol extracts showed good antioxidative activity and eight THL samples, including THL aerial parts, showed high antioxidative activity. Besides, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) fingerprints of THL from different places were established and chromatographic peaks probably correlated with antioxidant capacity were screened by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square regression (PLS) analysis.Conclusion::The chemical constituents of these peaks were identified as possible quality markers for THL quality evaluation. In this study, twelve effective substances were preliminarily determined, such as isovitexin, L-epicatechin, procyanidin B, sitosterol, etc.

Phytochemical composition and therapeutic potential of Caralluma edulis a cholistani plant

This study explores C. edulis, a plant indigenous to the Cholistan desert, locally known as Pimpa or Seetu, traditionally consumed as a vegetable. Our research aimed to comprehensively analyze its phytochemical constituents, and evaluate its antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antipyretic potentials. Utilizing a range of extracts including methanol (MtOH), ethanol (EtOH), ethyl acetate (EA), n-hexane (n-hex), dichloromethane (DCM), and aqueous (Aq), for effective extraction of phytochemicals from C. edulis. Standard biochemical assays and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array (HPLC-PDA) were used for analysis of phenolic compounds. Antibacterial effect(s) were confirmed through disc diffusion method and min inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The antioxidant activity was assessed through the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and the DPPH radical scavenging method. In vivo antiviral potential was assessed through Hemagglutination (HA) test. Anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antipyretic activities were performed on female albino rats using carrageenan, alloxan monohydrate and yeast-induced methods, respectively. Statistical analysis was done using standard one way ANOVA.Our findings revealed a rich diversity of phenolic compounds and the presence of proteins, alkaloids, and carbohydrates in C. edulis. MtOH and n-hex extracts demonstrated deep antiviral activity against various viral strains. In vivo toxicology studies indicated no significant toxicity at doses up to 5 g/kg. The DCM extract has shown notable anti-inflammatory effects, and EA extract was leading in antipyretic activity. All extracts, except MtOH, exhibited antidiabetic properties.In conclusion, C. edulis emerges not only as a valuable nutritional source but also as a potent alternative medicinal resource, offering wide range of therapeutic benefits.

Photoprotective Effect of Ultrasonic-Assisted Ethanol Extract from Sargassum horneri on UVB-Exposed HaCaT Keratinocytes

The present study investigated the photoprotective effect of the ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extract (USHE) from Sargassum horneri, a brown seaweed containing fucosterol (6.22 ± 0.06 mg/g), sulfoquinovosyl glycerolipids (C23H43O11S, C25H45O11S, C25H47O11S, C27H49O11S), and polyphenols, against oxidative damage in ultraviolet B (UVB)-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes. USHE indicated antioxidant activity in ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. After screening experiments, 15.6, 31.3, and 62.5 µg/mL concentrations of USHE and ascorbic acid as positive control were selected to be used throughout the investigation. USHE increased cell viability by markedly reducing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in UVB-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes. Additionally, USHE reduced the apoptosis and sub-G1 cell population and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, USHE modulated the protein expression levels of anti-apoptotic molecules (Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and PARP) and pro-apoptotic molecules (Bax, cleaved caspase-3, p53, cleaved PARP, and cytochrome C). This modulation accorded with the upregulation of cytosolic heme oxygenase (HO)-1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO 1), and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), collectively known as components of the antioxidant system. These findings suggest that USHE has a photoprotective effect on UVB-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes and can be utilized to develop cosmeceuticals for UVB protection.

Impact of deacidification processes on the quality and oxidative stability of walnut oil

In order to select an appropriate deacidification process and improve the quality of walnut oil, low-temperature cold-pressed crude walnut oil was used as raw material. Deacidified walnut oil was prepared using three deacidification processes: chemical deacidification (CD), adsorption deacidification (AD), and molecular distillation deacidification (MDD). The physicochemical properties, nutritional components, and in vitro antioxidant activities of the resulting deacidified walnut oils were comparatively analyzed. The results indicate that the fatty acid content in walnut oil exhibits fluctuating changes during the three different deacidification processes. The MDD shows a higher deacidification rate, reaching 94.06%, which is superior to the other two methods. Additionally, the AD retains more total phenols and tocopherols, with retention rates of 95.79% and 74.62%, respectively; whereas MDD is more effective at retaining phytosterols, achieving a retention rate of 98.09%. All these methods displayed positive impacts on the in vitro antioxidant capacity and oil stability of walnut oil, with ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) content and oxidative stability time were significantly reduced.whencompared to the untreated crude oil Among them, AD had the greatest impact on oxidative stability index (OSI) , with its decreasing from 2.06 h to 0.82 h. Overall, compared to CD or MDD, the AD has best application prospects in preserving nutritional components.

Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Activity of 2-Amino Substituted Halochalcone N-Glycoside Derivative Compounds

Introduction: The aim of this study was to specify the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity synthesized 2-amino substituted halochalcone N-glycoside derivative compounds. Methods: The antioxidant capacity of synthesized compounds (1-4) was determined by cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Antimicrobial activity was determined on 9 microorganism by agar well diffusion method.Results: According to the study results, compound 3 showed the highest antioxidant activity. The compound 3 showed antimicrobial activity against Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans while compound 4 showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion: 2-amino substituted halochalcone N-glycoside derivative compounds could be evaluated in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential.

Evaluation of Total Flavonoids, Total Phenolics Content and in Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Extract of Platycerium bifurcatum Leaf: A Potential Antihypertensive Medicinal Plant

Plant bioactive compounds possess the potential to function as antioxidants, which makes interest in the use of ethnomedicine for treatment or prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress to be growing. This study evaluated the flavonoid contents, total phenolics and in vitro antioxidant activity of Platycerium bifurcatum leaf extract. The free radical scavenging activity was determined using diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide assay, and the reducing power by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the total antioxidant capacity assays. The total phenolics content of the extract was 4.7 ± 0.56 mg GAE/g extract and flavonoid contents of the extract was 46.73 ± 2.03 mg QE/g extract. The extarct exhibited a dose dependent nitric oxide and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, which showed a strong correlation between the antioxidant activity and the flavonoid contents and total phenolics. The appreciable amount of flavonoid contents, total phenolics and its strong antioxidant properties suggested that Platycerium bifurcatum is a promising source of novel lead antioxidants and could be utilized in the treatment of oxidative stress mediated cardiovascular disease like hypertensive and obesity

Comparative phytochemical profiling and antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of three parts of <i>Dracaena arborea</i> (Willd.) link

Dracaena arborea is a known boundary plant which grows in arid semi-desert areas and used by the indigenous people of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, for the management of edematous diseases that come with pain. The ethanol extracts of D. arborea were analyzed to study their secondary metabolites. Antioxidant effect was studied using 2,2–diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, ferric reducingantioxidant power (FRAP) assay and their total phenolic and flavonoid contents also determined. Result of phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and tannins in the studied parts of D. arborea except that, stem was devoid of flavonoids. Also, the result of DPPH assay revealed the percentage inhibition of 58% for the leaf extract, 33% for the stem extract and 17% for the root extract at 100 µg/mL when compared with the blank and the result was comparable to ascorbic acid with a percentage inhibition of 62%. For the FRAP assay, the leaf extract (0.445 nm) showed a better activity than the stem extract (0.399 nm) and root extract (0.427nm) when compared to ascorbic acid (0.913nm), a standard antioxidant agent at 100 µg/mL. Extracts revealed total flavonoid contents of 52 mgRTE/g for leaf extract while the stem and root had 5 mgRTE/g and 50mgRTE/g, respectively. This study supports the use of these parts of D. arborea for its folkloric applications in ethnomedicine.

Comprehensive Analysis of Antioxidant Properties, GC-MS, and FTIR Profiles of Myrica esculenta Fruit Extracts from Western East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya.

This study investigates the phytoconstituents of Myrica esculenta fruit extracts using various solvents, including n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of several phytochemicals, with the highest concentration found in the methanol extract. The total phenolic (94.5±0.96 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) and flavonoid (74.27±0.29 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g) contents were also highest in the methanol extract. Antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid (ABTS), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The methanol extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity with DPPH and ABTS IC50 values of 22.27±0.98 μg/ml and 19.69±0.36 μg/ml, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid. FRAP activity was also highest in the methanol extract (87.125±0.33 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/g). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified antioxidant compounds hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, methyl 11,12-octadecadienoate, and pentadecanoic acid. while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis detected functional groups such as alkenes, ketones, esters, alcohols and carboxylic acids. These findings suggest that the methanolic extract of M. esculenta fruits is a rich source of natural antioxidants, making it suitable for pharmaceutical, health, and nutritional supplements aimed at enhancing overall health.

Adiponectin and Endothelin-1 are Correlated with the Development of Normal-tension Glaucoma in Metabolic Syndrome Patients

BACKGROUND: Glaucoma can lead to irreversible blindness, but normotension glaucoma (NTG) often shows no early symptoms. However, to date, there is limited knowledge regarding the potential parameters for early detection. Therefore, in this study, various metabolic parameters and biomarkers which may contribute to NTG in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients were evaluated.METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the National Cardiac Center Harapan Kita Hospital. Mets were confirmed following the IDF criteria. NTG was determined based on normal intraocular pressure (IOP) with a mean defect (MD) of the visual field, thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and enlargement of cup disc ratio (CDR) by ocular coherence tomography (OCT). Metabolic parameters results of waist circumference (WC), body weight, body height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressures, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles; and biomarkers including thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), leptin, adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using comparative and correlative tests.RESULTS: From 29 subjects, 19 subjects (65.5%) were included in the NTG group and 10 subjects (34.5%) were included in the non-NTG group. In the NTG group, we found significant correlation between MD with systolic blood pressure (p=0.035); CDR with ET-1 (p=0.049); and CDR with adiponectin (p=0.010). The non-NTG group had a significant correlation between MD with BMI (p=0.043); CDR with LDL (p=0.042); and CDR with TG (p=0.031).CONCLUSION: There are correlation between adiponectin and ET-1 with NTG in MetS patients. Therefore, they might be considered as potential early detectors for NTG in MetS patients.KEYWORDS: normal tension glaucoma, metabolic syndrome, biomarker, endothelin-1, adiponectin