Ferric Oxide Powder Research Articles

Enhanced mechanical properties and biological responses of SLA 3D printed biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics by doping bioactive metal elements

Favorable mechanical properties and outstanding bioactivity are necessary for bioceramics used for bone defect repair. The doping of Mg2+ and Fe3+ can improve the mechanical properties and bone regeneration capacity of calcium phosphate ceramics. In this study, magnesia oxide (MgO), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), and iron (Fe) powders are chosen as dopants to enhance biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bioceramics, and the MgO-BCP, Fe2O3-BCP, Fe-BCP bioceramics are prepared by stereolithography (SLA) for the first time. The effects of these dopants on the curing behavior of bioceramic slurries, mechanical properties, biodegradation, and cytocompatibility of BCP bioceramics are studied. The addition of 1 wt.% Fe well enhances the flexural strength of BCP from 91.61 MPa to 122.60 MPa sintered at 1250 oC. The addition of 1 wt.% MgO effectively promotes the biodegradation of BCP in simulated body solution (SBF), and enhances the proliferation of mouse pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells in vitro. In addition, Fe powder is more suitable as a dopant for SLA 3D printed BCP than Fe2O3 powder, and all the performances of Fe-BCP are better than those of Fe2O3-BCP. The less microstructure defects and slower Fe3+ release rate make Fe-BCP have higher flexural strength and less cytotoxic compared with Fe2O3-BCP. This novel way exhibits beneficial effects of bioactive metal elements on mechanical properties and bioactivity, and indicates SLA 3D printed BCP bioceramic doped with MgO, Fe can be promising candidates for bone defect repair.

Preparation of ferric oxide powders by ultrasonic‐assisted impinging stream reaction

AbstractIn this paper, Fe3O4 powder was prepared by the chemical precipitation method using impinging stream technology. The influences of feed flow rate, L/D, reactant concentration, ratio of iron ion concentration, reaction temperature, and impact time on the size and distribution of particles were investigated by the orthogonal experiment method. The microstructure and morphology of Fe3O4 powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, and granulometer. The results showed that when ratio of iron ion concentration c(Fe2+):c(Fe3+) = 0.75, reactant concentration c(Fe3+) = 0.4 mol · L−1, feed flow rate Q = 800 L · h−1, L/D = 3, reaction temperature T = 20°C, impact time t = 50 min, the prepared Fe3O4 had an average particle size of 1.815 μm and the most uniform distribution. The influence of ultrasonic enhancement on the mixing process and powder preparation in an impinging stream reactor was investigated. The size and distribution of the powders were significantly affected by ultrasonic enhancement. With the increase in ultrasonic power, the particle size of the powders decreased and the distribution became narrower. The particle size was reduced by 68.78%, and the particle distribution range was narrowed by 84.34% under ultrasound enhancement. This study promised the effective utilization of ultrasonic cavitation in the optimization of experimental equipment and the preparation of ultrafine powder, which provides a basis for process optimization of powder preparation.

The Application for Using Grain Colloid Reagent and Traditional Methods to Detect the Latent Fingerprint on non-pours Surfaces

Abstract: To distinguish the fingerprints we utilize numerous strategies a portion of these are checked and obviously, the unique finger impression can demonstrate the wrongdoing and perceive the crook, in this paper research we foster another strategy by utilizing GCR colloid fluid, which contains a blend between zinc carbonate and some unique surfactants with crystal violet The GCR it was applied on the non-pours surface, this method it was effective for developing the latent fingerprint on another side we have developed latent fingerprint on the non-pours surfaces by using some chemical materials like black Ferric oxide powder and white powder (Talcum).

Molten-salt-assisted thermal emitting method to transform bulk Fe2O3 into Fe single atom catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in Zn-air battery

Efficient, durable and low-cost electrocatalysts that accelerate sluggish oxygen reduction reaction kinetics are urgently needed for the energy conversion techniques, such as metal-air batteries and fuel cells. In this work, we develop a molten-salt-assisted thermal emitting approach to transform the cheap and easily obtainable bulk ferric (III) oxide powder into a highly efficient Fe single atom catalyst for cathodic oxygen reduction reaction. Benefiting from the strong polarity force of ionized cations and anions, the molten salt effectively facilitates breakage of chemical bonding in bulk Fe2O3 and volatilization of Fe species far below the melting point of Fe2O3 (1841 K), lowering the consumption of energy and time needed in the synthetic procedure. The vaporized Fe species are subsequently anchored onto the surface of nitrogen-doped porous carbon, evolving the single-atom “Fe-N4-O2” site catalyst. The obtained catalyst presents an excellent oxygen reduction reaction performance with half-wave potential of 0.896 V vs RHE in alkaline media, comparable to the most efficient non-precious metal catalysts and outperforming the benchmark system Pt/C. Furthermore, this method is demonstrated to be valid for synthesis of non-noble-metal single atom catalysts (metal = Co, Mn, Cu, Ni) by changing different metal oxides precursors.

An assessment on the effect of titanium dioxide & iron oxide nano-particles in industrial waste water decontamination

The aim of this paper is to identify a technique to detoxify the industrial waste water using metal oxide nanoparticles. Waste water from manufacturing or chemical processes in industries contributes to water pollution. Industrial waste water usually contains specific and readily identifiable chemical compounds. It destroys aquatic life and reduces its reproductive ability. Eventually it is hazardous to human life. Most major industries have treatment facilities for industrial effluents but this is not the case with small-scale industries, which cannot afford enormous investments in pollution control equipment. In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to study the effect of titanium dioxide and ferric oxide nanoparticles in detoxification of industrial waste water. Here the adsorption property of these nanoparticles was used for the detoxification of industrial waste water. The nanomaterials were synthesized using high energy ball milling machine and the characterization was done through scanning electron microscopy. After the preparation, these Nano sized titanium dioxide and ferric oxide powder were introduced to the pretested waste water. Due to the adsorption property of these nanomaterials, it is observed that the contaminants like sulphate, cadmium, lead and chlorides are adsorbed to some extent.

Structure analysis of electromagnetic waves absorbing material a lanthanum manganite system of (La0.8Ba0.2)(Mn(1-x)/2ZnxFe(1-x)/2)O3

Solid compound of lanthanum manganite system of (La0.8Ba0.2)(Mn(1-x)/2ZnxFe(1-x)/2)O3 has been synthesized via conventional solid state reaction route using lanthanum oxide (La2O3), barium carbonate (BaCO3), zinc oxide (ZnO), ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and manganese carbonate (MnCO3) powders as it raw materials. High energy ball milling was used to mix the material for 5 hours. It is then sintered at 1000°C for 5 hours. X-ray powder diffraction method (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the change of structure of the solid compound. The refinement pattern result of the XRD shown that a single phase was occurred in the form of (La0.8Ba0.2)(Mn0.4Zn0.2Fe0.4)O3. It has trigonal lattice crystal structure of (r-3c) point group with lattice parameter of a = b = 5.515 Å and c = 13.551 Å, α = β = 90° and γ = 120°, a volume unit cell of V = 356.904 Å3 and a density of ρ = 6.745 g.cm−3. The SEM result shown that the surface morphology of (La0.8Ba0.2)(Mn0.4Zn0.2Fe0.4)O3 has a homogeneous sphere structure. The XRD and SEM structure analysis result of the lanthanum manganite system of (La0.8Ba0.2)(Mn0.4Zn0.2Fe0.4)O3 shown that the compound is feasible for further studied.

Reaction behavior of kaolinite with ferric oxide during reduction roasting

Abstract The pre-separation of silica and alumina in aluminosilicates is of great significance for efficiently treating alumina-/silica-bearing minerals for alumina production. In this work, the reaction behavior of kaolinite with ferric oxide during reduction roasting was investigated. The results of thermodynamic analyses and reduction roasting experiments show that ferrous oxide obtained from ferric oxide reduction preferentially reacts with alumina in kaolinite to form hercynite, meanwhile the silica in kaolinite is transformed into quartz solid solution and/or cristobalite solid solution. With increasing roasting temperature, fayalite formed by reaction of surplus ferrous oxide with silica at low temperature is reduced to silica and metallic iron in the presence of sufficient carbon dosage. However, increasing roasting temperature and decreasing Fe2O3/Al2O3 molar ratio favor mullite formation. The complete conversion of kaolinte into free silica and hercynite can be obtained by roasting raw meal of kaolin, ferric oxide and coal powder with Fe2O3/Al2O3/C molar ratio of 1.2:2.0:1.2 at 1373 K for 60 min. This work may facilitate the development of a technique for comprehensively utilizing silica and alumina in aluminosilicates.

Polytetrafluoroethylene bindered hematite (α—Fe2O3) nanostructure for ammonia gas detection at room temperature

In this work, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) conducting polymer bindered hematite nanostructure was prepared by using drop cast method. Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) powder mixed with PTFE was used in the initial solution. The gas sensing performance was studied towards NH3 gas for the prepared samples. Synthesized films were characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR and UV–vis techniques. According to XRD patterns, single phase of α—Fe2O3 could be crystallized after annealing the sample at 300 °C for one hour in air. SEM images revealed the presence of α—Fe2O3 nano sized grains (80 nm) with a high porous nanostructure. This porous nanostructure develops a wide electron-depleted surface by adsorbing atmospheric oxygen which will make the surface to detect more analytic gas molecules. FTIR confirms the formation of PTFE bindered α—Fe2O3 composite. The UV–vis curve exhibits an absorbance onset around 600 nm by confirming the formation of α—Fe2O3 in thick film form. The gas sensitivities of samples were measured in 1000 ppm of NH3, methanol vapor and acetone vapor. The gas sensor exhibited a remarkable NH3 sensing performance at room temperature (RT). However, the gas sensitivity of PTFE bindered α—Fe2O3 films decreases as the operating temperature is increased above RT contrary to normal metal oxide gas sensors. The highest gas sensitivity of PTFE bindered α—Fe2O3 thick films in 1000 ppm of NH3 gas was 23.87% at RT. The response and recovery times in 1000 ppm of NH3 at RT were found to be 45 and 66 s, respectively. Furthermore, the sensing mechanism which provides highly sensitive RT operation with PTFE polymer binder was also discussed.

Fabrication of MgO-NiO-Fe2O3 materials and their corrosion in Na3AlF6-AlF3-K3AlF6 bath

Ledge-free sidewall is preferred because it probably reduces the energy requirement of aluminum production by about 30%. However, such approach poses great material challenge since the sidewall materials would be in direct contact with corrosive electrolytes. In the present study, MgO-NiO-Fe2O3 materials were fabricated using fused magnesia, nickel oxides and ferric oxide powders as starting materials. All the specimens were corroded in a Na3AlF6-AlF3-K3AlF6 bath to estimate the corrosion resistance. The results revealed that reaction sintering occurs in the MgO-NiO-Fe2O3 system during firing process. After firing at 1400 to 1600○C, all the specimens prepared are composed of single-phase NixMg1-xFe2O4 composite spinel, whose lattice parameter decreases and chemical stability improves with increasing Ni2+ ion concentration. And densification of the MgO-NiO-Fe2O3 specimens can be enhanced by increasing the NiO content. The corrosion results show that the increase of NiO content has an obvious positive effect on corrosion resistance of the specimens due to the improved chemical stability of the NixMg1-xFe2O4 phase. However, the incorporation of high MgO content into the specimens is favorable for formation of a dense and stable ceramic layer on their surface during the corrosion process, which effectively promotes the electrolyte penetration resistance of the specimens as it functions as the blocking layer between the specimens and electrolyte.

Photocatalytic evaluation of self-assembled porous network structure of ferric oxide film fabricated by dry deposition process

Ferric oxide powder in the alpha phase (α-Fe2O3) was deposited on an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) substrate by a nanoparticle deposition system using the dry deposition method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) images confirmed that the phase of the deposited α-Fe2O3 did not change. The deposited α-Fe2O3 was characterized in terms of its microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A porous network microstructure formed when small agglomerates of Fe2O3 (SAF) were deposited. The deposition and formation mechanism of the microstructure were investigated using SEM and three-dimensional (3D) profile analysis. First, a dense coating layer formed when the film was thinner than the particle size. After that, as the film thickness increased to over 5 μm, the porous network structure formed by excavating the surface of the coating layer as it was bombarded by particles. Rhodamine B (RhB) was degraded after 6 h of exposure to the Fe2O3 coating layer with SAF, which has good photocatalytic activity and a high porous network structure. The kinetic rate constants of the SAF and large agglomerates of Fe2O3 (LAF) were calculated to be 0.197(h−1) and 0.128(h−1), respectively, based on the absorbance results. Using linear sweep voltammetry, we confirmed that the photoelectric effect occurred in the coating layer by measuring the resulting current under illuminated and dark conditions.

Study on the Preparation of Nanometer α-Fe2O3by Sonochemical Hydrolysis Method

The size- and shape –controlled α-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles has been successfully prepared via a sonochemical method in FeSO 4 -NH 4 HCO 3 complex solution. The influence of ultrasound field to the dimension, appearance and agglomeration of the product were discussed. The obtained samples were examined by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetry and differential thermal analyses (TG-DTA) techniques. The results revealed that the phase of ferric oxide powders mainly consisted of spherical α-Fe 2 O 3 . The α-Fe 2 O 3 particles were relatively uniform in size and the average size of particles is 50nm. The influence of the synthesis conditions on the size and size distribution of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles was determined.

Production of Red Mud Particle Electrodes (RMPEs) and Its Performance Investigation in a Biological Aerated Filter Coupled with a Three-Dimensional Particle Electrode Reactor (BAF-TDE)

Novel particle electrodes—red mud particle electrodes (RMPEs)—were prepared using waste material (red mud, zeolite slag, and ferric oxide powder with a mass ratio of 5:3:2 and used in a biological aerated filter coupled with a three-dimensional particle electrode reactor (BAF-TDE)) for use in municipal wastewater treatment. The physical and chemical characteristics of RMPEs were measured. The surface morphology of the RMPEs was also characterized by SEM. The results showed that (1) under the optimal sintering conditions, red mud could be used to manufacture RMPEs; (2) BAF-TDE had an advantage over the single biological aerated filter (BAF), with regard to the removal of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen; and (3) in the BAF-TDE system, BAF contributed more to the removal of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen than TDE did, while TDE played a crucial important role in BAF-TDE, which can be improved by introducing an electric field.

Recycle of valuable products from oily cold rolling mill sludge

Oily cold rolling mill (CRM) sludge contains lots of iron and alloying elements along with plenty of hazardous organic components, which makes it as an attractive secondary source and an environmental contaminant at the same time. The compound methods of “vacuum distillation + oxidizing roasting” and “vacuum distillation + hydrogen reduction” were employed for the recycle of oily cold rolling mill sludge. First, the sludge was dynamically vacuum distilled in a rotating furnace at 50 r/min and 600°C for 3 h, which removed almost hazardous organic components, obtaining 89.2wt% ferrous resultant. Then, high purity ferric oxide powders (99.2wt%) and reduced iron powders (98.9wt%) were obtained when the distillation residues were oxidized and reduced, respectively. The distillation oil can be used for fuel or chemical feedstock, and the distillation gases can be collected and reused as a fuel.

Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles at low bath temperature: Characterization and energy storage studies

Ferric oxide powders were cathodically electrodeposited at a fixed bath temperature 8°C. The obtained powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogramimetric analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopic examination of the resultant powders revealed the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles with a grain size of approximately 20nm. The adhesive deposit is obtained by reducing bath temperature. The increased adhesion is believed to result from the reducing kinetics energy of molecules and the rate of gas bubbling the electrode surface.

Synthesis and Properties of Ceramics from Ferric Oxide Nanopowder

Possibilities of receiving ceramics from the nanodisperse ferric oxide (II, III) powder are investigated. In a hot pressing facility (by Spark Plasma Sintering method) the ceramics with fine-grained (about 1 micron and less) structure made. Structure of the received ceramics is investigated by the method of scanning electronic microscopy. Radiographic examination of initial nanopowder and the received ceramics is also carried out. If in the phase relation the initial powder and the ceramics sintered at 800 о С are magnetite Fe3O4 (75-1610), the ceramics sintered at 900 о С – Fe3O4 (75-33), and at 1200о С the diffraction picture of a mixture of two phases – a iron protoxide FeO (46-1312) phase and a metal Fe (6-696) phase – took place. Microhardness of the ceramics was 8 GPa, ultimate compression strength – 0,8 GPa. Thereby availability of use of the SPS method is shown

Study on the Burning Characteristics of AP/Al/HTPB Composite Solid Propellant Containing Nano-Sized Ferric Oxide Powder

This study mainly explores the burning characteristics of AP/Al/HTPB composite solid propellant containing nano-sized ferric oxide (Fe2O3) powder. First, the appropriate dispersed technique is applied to prepare the propellant samples containing the ferric oxide (micro-sized and/or nano-sized) powder, and then the scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to observe the dispersed effect of ferric oxide powder in the propellant samples. Afterward, the reaction characteristics of the propellant samples are measured using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and the difference between their properties is analyzed. Finally, the propellant samples are processed to be used for various experiments, and the window bomb (WB), burning rate meter (BRM), and quenched particle collection bomb (QPCB) are used to study the burning characteristics. The burning phenomena are also analyzed by means of the combustion observation technique. Furthermore, the pull-testing machine is conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties. The experimental results show that adding nano-sized ferric oxide powder can reduce the thermal decomposition temperature of ammonium perchlorate (AP), and enhance the burning rate and combustion performance of AP/Al/HTPB composite solid propellant.

The Effects of an Unexpected Ceramic Coating Phase at the Head of a Pipe on Joining and Postprocessing of a Ceramic-Lined Composite Pipe

Produced ceramic-lined steel pipe using the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method has found uses in many applications. A SHS-centrifugal machine was designed to produce a ceramic-lined steel pipe from ferric oxide and aluminum powder (thermite mixture) under high centrifugal acceleration. The obtained products are expected to be Al2O3 ceramic in the innermost layer and a Fe layer in a region between the outer steel pipes. In the present work, specific regions of a pipe was particularly observed to investigate the stuck (dead) spaces at the pipe head because of its importance in further processes (joining, welding, etc.) which may affect the quality of the next operations. In this article, the product’s composition, phase separation, microhardness, and surface finish were studied on three zones of the pipe.

Preparation of Nanometer Ferric Oxide Powders from Ferrous Sulfate by Improved Hydrolysis Method

Nanometer ferric oxide (α-Fe2O3) powders were prepared by improved hydrolysis method from industrial byproduct ferrous sulfate septihydrate (FeSO4•7H2O) and industrial grade ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3). The structural properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), difference of thermodynamic analysis (DTA). The results revealed that the phase of ferric oxide powders mainly consisted of spherical α-Fe2O3. The α-Fe2O3particles were relatively uniform in size and the average size of particles is 40nm. The effects of many technical factors on growing and properties of nanometer ferric oxide particles, such as the reaction time and temperature, pH value of system, calcined temperature etc were discussed in this paper.

Effect of Ferric Oxide Addition on the Performance of MgO-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> System Materials

The MgO-Al2O3 system materials were prepared at 1600°C for 3h with magnesia powder and alumina powder as raw materials and with ferric oxide powder as additive. The effect of the ferric oxide additive on the sintering and thermal shock resistance of the composite materials was studied. The results showed that increasing the ferric oxide dosage could improve the densification of the MgO-Al2O3 system materials. In sample MAF-0, crystal phases all are spinel phase. With the ferric oxide dosage increased from 2% to 6% in MAF-2, MAF-4 and MAF-6, the MgAl2O4 (spinel) became the primary crystal phases, and less amount of sosoloid 20MgO•19Al2O3•Fe2O3. In comparison with samples MAF-0, MAF-2, MAF-6, sample MAF-4 has better structure compactness and thermal shock resistance, the optimum ferric oxide dosage was added in MgO-Al2O3 system material is equal to 4%. The MgO-Al2O3 system material is acceptable for application in cement rotary kiln linings and high temperature gas filter support.

Extracting indium and preparing ferric oxide for soft magnetic ferrite materials from zinc calcine reduction lixivium

A hydrometallurgical process for indium extraction and ferric oxide powder preparation for soft magnetic ferrite material was developed. Using reduction lixivium from high-acid reductive leaching of zinc oxide calcine as raw solution, copper and indium were firstly recovered by iron powder cementation and neutralization. The recovery ratios of Cu and In are 99% and 95%, respectively. Some harmful impurities that have negative influences on magnetic properties of soft magnetic ferrite material are deeply removed with sulfidization purification and neutral flocculation method. Under the optimum conditions, the content of impurities like Cu, Pb, As, Al in pure Zn-Fe sulfate solution are less than 0.004 g/L, but those of Cd, Si, Ca and Mg are relatively high. Finally, thermal precipitation of iron is carried out at 210 °C for 1.5 h. The precipitation ratio of Fe is 93.33%. Compared with the quality standard of ferric oxide for soft magnetic ferrite materials, the contents of Al and Mg in obtained ferric oxide powder meet the requirement of YHT1 level of ferric oxide, and those of Si, Ca meet the requirement of YHT3 level of ferric oxide. XRD and SEM characterizations confirm that the obtained sample is well-dispersed spindle spherule with regular α-Fe2O3 crystal structure. The length-to-diameter ratio of α-Fe2O3 powder is (3–4):1 with an average particle size of 0.5 μm.