Fermented Palm Oil Sludge Research Articles

UJI PERFORMA AYAM KAMPUNG UNGGUL BALITNAK MENGGUNAKAN FORMULA PAKAN LUMPUR SAWIT TERFERMENTASI

The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of Kampung Unggul Balitnak (KUB) chicken fed palm mud fermented feed. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this study, with five treatments (5) and four replications (4). Each replication was placed 6 chickens aged 7 days. The results showed that the use of fermented palm sludge had no significant effect on feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion value of KUB chickens. The use of fermented palm oil sludge in feed gives a good value to the performance of Kampung Unggul Balitnak (KUB) chickens.

Broiler Response to the Utilization of Fermented Palm Oil Sludge with Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Neurospora crassa

Broiler Response to the Utilization of Fermented Palm Oil Sludge with Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Neurospora crassa

Effect of Fermented Palm Oil Sludge with Neurospora crassa Added to Rations on Broiler Production Performance

Effect of Fermented Palm Oil Sludge with Neurospora crassa Added to Rations on Broiler Production Performance

Role of Humic Acid in Improving the Nutrient Content and Quality of Fermented Palm Oil Sludge

Role of Humic Acid in Improving the Nutrient Content and Quality of Fermented Palm Oil Sludge

The effect of fermentation of sludge with Neorospora sp. on the egg performances and quality of laying hens.

The purpose of this research is to produce enriched eggs (high concentration in protein, amino acid and β-karoten) but law in lipid and cholesterol content. An experiment was conducted to study the utilization of fermented palm oil sludge (LSF) using neurospora sp for layer. The present study was done based on Randomized Design in which 100 layer were distributed to five treatment group as follow: Layers were fed diet with (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% LSF). Experimental results showed that LSF significantly (P 0.05). LSF reduced egg smell, improved taste of egg and yolk colur (P < 0.05). Protein and fat, contents of eggs were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) and cholesterol content of eggs was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Utilization LSF increased the content of β-karoten yolk (P < 0.01), and modified the composition of amino acid in yolk. In conclusion, utilization of LSF improved egg quality, reduced egg cholesterol dan lipid and modified the composition of amino acid in yolk. Key Words: Palm Oil Sludge, Neorospora sp, Egg Quality

Response of broilers on the diet containing fermented palm oil sludge stored at various length of time

An experiment was conducted to study the response of broilers on the diet containing fermented palm oil sludge with Aspergillus niger stored at different length of time. The research was carried out in Research Institute for Animal Production Ciawi, Bogor. The experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design using 245 day old broiler chicks with 5 replicates. They were allotted to 7 diets containing one control without palm oil sludge (R0), 5 and 10% of fresh-fermented palm oil sludge (LSF) (R1 and R2), 5 and 10% of LSF stored at room temperature for 2 months (R3 and R4) and stored for 3 months (R5 and R6). Diets were fed ad libitum for 5 weeks. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and carcass yields were observed as parameters. Results showed that no parameters were significantly affected by the treatments. It is concluded that 10% of fermented palm oil sludge could be included in diet of broilers even after three months storage at room temperature. Key words: Broiler, fermented palm oil sludge, storage period

Nutritive value of palm oil sludge fermented with Aspergillus niger after stored in different packing materials

An experiment has been conducted to determine the effect of type of packaging and time of storage on fermented palm oil sludge. The palm oil sludge was fermented with Aspergillus niger , dried, kept in differentpackaging materials (plastic bags, feed bag, and paper bag) and stored under room temperatures for 12 weeks. The experiment was assigned in a split plot design (3x7). The parameters measured were water content, crude protein, soluble nitrogen, true protein, in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and true protein digestibilities (IVTPD), total in vitro digestible protein, and the activities of mannanase and cellulase. Results showed that fermented palm oil sludge stored for 12 weeks increased the water content, decreased the true protein and fiber contents, and also reduced the activity of mannanase and cellulase and in vitro dry matter digestibility but no changes on the crude protein content, protein digestibility, and total digestible protein. It was concluded that fermented palm oil sludge should be kept in feed bag under room temperature if to be stored for 12 weeks. Key words : Palm oil sludge, fermentation, nutritive value, storage

Utilization of palm oil sludge in poultry diet. 4. Inclusion of fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge in native chicken's diet

Fermentation processes increase the protein of palm oil sludge and produce some useful enzymes. However, drying process, especially with heating often affects the nutritive values of feed ingredients and the enzymes activity. Therefore, this experiment was designed to study the responses of native chickens when fed ration containing fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge (FPOS). Experimental diets with different levels of fresh or dried FPOS (5, 10 and 15% equal to dried FPOS) were formulated with similar nutrient contents. A control diet with no FPOS was also included. Each treatment was replicated 5 times for 12 weeks. Performances (body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion and mortality) of chickens were recorded. Carcass yield, abdominal fat content, weight of liver and gizzard were measured at the end of feeding trial. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and different between means were tested by orthogonal procedures. Results during the starting period showed that, chickens fed FPOS diet gain more weight significantly than the control birds (298.1 vs . 264.7). The dry matter intake of the dry FPOS diet was significantly better than the fresh FPOS diet (2.88 vs . 3.32). The FPOS dietary levels did not affect body weight gain and dry matter intake of native chickens, significantly. However, increasing the FPOS levels worsen the dry matter conversion (DCR) significantly. Data during 12 weeks trial showed mat the body weight gain was not significantly affected by treatments. The dry matter intake of the FPOS diets were significantly higher than the control diet (3469 vs . 3065 g/bird), hence the DCR of the control diet was significantly better than the FPOS diets (3.28 vs . 3.62). Feeding dry FPOS resulted in a better DCR as compared to fresh FPOS (3.48 vs . 3.76), but not affected the dry matter intake. The FPOS dietary levels did not affect body weight gain and dry matter intake of native chickens, significantly. However, inclusion of 5% FPOS in me diet gave better DCR significantly, as compared with 15% FPOS (3.51 vs . 3.83). Feeding dry or fresh FPOS (5 - 15%) did not significantly affect the mortality, carcass yield, abdominal fat levels, weight of liver and weight of gizzard of native chickens. It is concluded that dry FPOS was better than the fresh FPOS and could be included in me native chickens diet up to 10%. Key words : Palm oil sludge, fermentation, native chickens

Utilization of palm oilsludge in poultry diet: 3. Inclusion of fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge in broiler’s diet

Drying proces, especially with heating often affects the nutritive values of feed ingredients. Therefore, this experiment was designed to study the responses of broiler chickens when fed with ration containing fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge(FPOS). Experimental diets with different levels of fresh or dried FPOS (5, 10, and 15% equally to dried FPOS) were formulated with similar nutrient contents. A control diet with no FPOS was also included. Each diet was fed to 30 broiler chickens (5 replicates of 6 birds) for 5 weeks. Performances (body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion, and mortalities) of chickens were recorded. Carcass percentage and abdominal fat content was also measured at the end of feeding trial. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance in a completely randomized design and different between means were tested by orthogonal contrast procedures. Results of the experiment showed that body weight gain (BWG) of control birds was not significantlydifferent with BWG of birds fed with FPOS. Birds fed with dried FLS gain more weight than those fed with fresh FPOS (1048 vs 981 g/bird). Increasing of dietary FPOS levels decreased BWG, but 10% inclusion was still tolerable. Feed consumption of control diet was significantly (P 0.05). Conversion of feed dry matter to body weight gain of control diet was not significantly (P>0.05) different with those diets with FPOS. However, dry matter conversion of dried FPOS was significantly better than the fresh FPOS. Increasing levels of FLS from 5 to 15 significantly worsen the feed dry matter conversion but not with inclusion of 10% FPOS. Therefore, it is concluded that there is no superior advantage of feeding fresh FPOS as compared with dried FPOS. Inclusion of 10% dried or fresh FPOS in the diets did not affect growth performances of broiler chickens. Key words: Palm oil sludge, dried, fermented, broilers

Nutritive value of palm oil sludge fermentation by some incubation process

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of fermented palm oil sludge (PaS) incubated with different ways towards metabolic digestibility on dry matter,true metabolizable energy (TME) and protein digestibilities. A completely randomized design was used. Treatments consisted of unfermented pas (control) and fermented pas with and without enzymatic incubation proces, two levels of incubation temperatures (28°C and 32°C) and three levels of incubation times (3, 4 and 5 days). The digestibility studies were carried out in 46 layer. The results showed that the dry matter digestibility of P_S was not significantly affected by fermentation process neither by incubation times. TME was not affected by fermentation process and incubation times, but it was significantly affected by incubation temperatures during fennentation (P<0,05). Incubation temperatures at 3rC more significant than 28°C. Enzimatic process was more significant than without enzimatic process. True metabolizable energy was highly significantly affected by enzimatic process (P<O,OI). Protein digestibility was highly significantly affected by time and incubation process (P<O,Ol), but not significantly affected by temperatures incubation. It was concluded that fermentation process could improve the digestibility of palm oil sludge (paS). The best result obtained from incubation at 32°C for 3 days and continued by enzimatic process. Key words : Fennentation, nutritive value, palm oil sludge

The effect of fermentor temperatures and moisture content of substrate on the nutritive value of fermented palm oil sludge

A series of experiment was designed in order to improve the nutritive value of palm oil sludge (POS) through fermentation. POS was fermented in a fermentor chamber with different temperatures (28 and 32oC) and initial moisture content of the substrate (50,55 and 60%). The nutrient content (crude protein, true protein, in vitro - dry matter and protein digestibility and crude fibre) of the fermented products were evaluated at different stages of the fermentation, i.e.: before incubated (F0), 3 d after aerobic incubation (F3) and 2 d anaerobic incubation after F3 (EN). Cellulase and mannanase activity of the EN products were also measured before and after dried at 60oC. Fermentation at 32oC produced better product (higher nutritive values), although the in vitro dry matter digestibility was not affected by the temperatures. All parameters measured were not significantly influenced by the initial moisture content of the substrate. The nutritive value of unincubated POS (F0) was significantly poorer than the F3 and EN and there was no different in nutrient value between F3 and EN. Soluble nitrogen and in vitro dry matter digestibility were not significantly affected by the stages of the fermentation. Mannanase activity in the EN product was significantly higher when the fermentation was performed at 32oC than those at 28oC and the enzyme activity was reduced after dried (320.7 vs 201.8 U/g DM). The cellulase activity of the fresh/wet fermented product produced at 28oC was significantly higher than those produced at 32oC, but the reverse was occurred in the dry products. It is concluded that fermentation process of palm oil sludge at 32oC and initial moisture content of 50-60% produced better ( in vitro ) nutritive value. Key words : Palm oil sludge, fermentation, nutritive value