Fermentation In Goats Research Articles

Effects of Rice Straw Particle Size on Chewing Activity, Feed Intake, Rumen Fermentation and Digestion in Goats

Effects of particle size and physical effective fibre (peNDF) of rice straw in diets on chewing activities, feed intake, flow, site and extent of digestion and rumen fermentation in goats were investigated. A 4x4 Latin square design was employed using 4 mature Liuyang black goats fitted with permanent ruminal, duodenal, and terminal ileal fistulae. During each of the 4 periods, goats were offered 1 of 4 diets that were similar in nutritional content but varied in particle sizes and peNDF through alteration of the theoretical cut length of rice straw (10, 20, 40, and 80 mm, respectively). Dietary peNDF contents were determined using a sieve for particle separation above 8 mm, and were 17.4, 20.9. 22.5 and 25.4%, respectively. Results showed that increasing the particle size and peNDF significantly (p<0.05) increased the time spent on rumination and chewing activities, duodenal starch digestibility and ruminal pH, and decreased ruminal starch digestibility and NH 3 -N concentration. Intake and total tract digestibility of nutrients (i.e. dry matter, organic matter, and starch) and ruminal fermentation were not affected by the dietary particle size and peNDF. Increased particle size and peNDF did not affect ruminal fibre digestibility, but had a great impact on the intestinal and total tract fibre digestibility. The study suggested that rice straw particle size or dietary peNDF was the important influential factor for chewing activity, intestinal fibre and starch digestibility, and ruminal pH, but had minimal impact on feed intake, duodenal and ileal flow, ruminal and total tract digestibility, and ruminal fermentation.

Utilization of Concentrate Supplements Containing Varying Levels of Sunflower Seed Meal by Growing Goats Fed a Basal Diet of Corn Silages

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying levels of sunflower seed meal on feed intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation of goats fed corn silage as roughages. Eight growing crossed Thai native x Anglo-Nubian goats between 8-10 months of age and pre-trial average body weight of 14.2±1.7 kg were allotted into two groups on the basis of body weight in a randomized double 4 x 4 Latin square design to investigate the utilization of concentrate mixtures of varying levels of Sunflower Seed Meal (SSM). The four concentrate mixtures had SSM included at 0% (control), 7.3 % (SSM1), 14.5% (SSM2) and 22.0% (SSM3) in concentrate as replacing Soybean Meal (SBM) with SSM as 25% CP, 50% CP and 75% CP, respectively. On average, all parameters measured, including Dry Matter Intake (DMI), nutrients digestibility, ruminal ammonia-N (NH -N), ruminal total Volatile Fatty Acid (total VFA), individual VFAs concentration 3 (mM/L), microbial N supply and N retention increased (p<0.05) with the addition of SSM in concentrate up to 14.5% (SSM2) in concentrate, thereafter decreased (p<0.05) in goats fed SSM 22% (SSM3). The results indicated that replacing SBM with SSM as 50 %CP (SSM2), resulted in higher animal performance as a consequence of improved ruminal fermentation, microbial yield and N balance, but decreased (p<0.05) with 22.0% SSM diet. It is concluded that sunflower seed meal can successfully replace soybean meal 50% CP as a protein source in growing goats.

Fermented goats’ milk produced with selected multiple starters as a potentially functional food

A screening among five lactic acid bacteria, used alone or in combination, led to select a mixed starter ( Streptococcus thermophilus CR12, Lactobacillus casei LC01, Lactobacillus helveticus PR4, Lactobacillus plantarum 1288) capable to produce a fermented goats’ milk containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides. The fermented milk was characterized by cell counts of lactic acid bacteria not lower than 7.0 log cfu g −1, even after 45 days of storage at 4 °C. Fermentation of goats’ milk resulted in the production of ca. 28 mg kg −1 of GABA. Furthermore the fermented goats’ milk had an in vitro ACE-inhibitory activity of ca. 73%. Prolonged cold storage did not significantly affect both the concentration of GABA and the ACE-inhibitory activity. Moreover, the taurine content did not significantly vary during both fermentation and the entire storage period.

Effect of β-carotene on selected indices of &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; rumen fermentation in goats

1. Effect of β-carotene supplementation to prepartum Holstein cows on colostrum quality and calf performance K.M. Aragona, E.M. Rice, M. Engstrom, P.S. Erickson Journal of Dairy Science CrossRef

Effect of alkali and (or) steam treatment of wheat straw or cellulase augmented concentrate mixture on rumen fermentation in goats

Four diets; untreated wheat straw plus concentrate mixture (CS), sodium hydroxide (5%, w/w) treated straw plus concentrate mixture (CA), sodium hydroxide (5%, w/w) and steam pressure (1 kg, cm −2, 1 h) treated straw plus concentrate mixture (CAS), and untreated straw plus cellulase augmented concentrate mixture (CES), were offered to goats to measure intake and ruminal parameters. The rumen fluids withdrawn at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h post feeding were analysed for pH, TVFA and its fractions as well as nitrogen fractions. The consumption of treated straw in CA or CAS groups was increased ( P < 0.01) over untreated straw. Similarly the total dry matter intake per day, per 100 kg body weight or per kg W 0.75 was higher ( P < 0.01) in CAS than in other groups. The ruminal pH was higher ( P < 0.01) in CA groups but lower ( P < 0.01), in CAS than in other groups, while TVFA concentration remained higher ( P < 0.01) in both CA or CAS diets compared with CS or CES diets. The fractional VFA remained similar amongst treatment groups. However, NPH, NH 3-N and soluble-N were lower ( P < 0.01) in CA or CAS groups than in others. Total-N and protein-N content remained similar amongst treatments. It is concluded that alkali plus steam treatment of wheat straw was the best method to improve the rumen fermentation process and enhance the availability of energy from native straw.

Fermentation of goat's milk by two DL-type mixed strain starters

SummaryVariations in the biochemical performance of 2 DL-type mixed strain starters CH 01 and FDn grown in a sample of skimmed goat's milk I (obtained 2–3 weeks after parturition) and of goat's milk II (8 months after parturition) were studied, and results compared with those of the cultures grown in skimmed cow's milk. The initial levels of citrate differed in the 3 milks, with goat's milk II containing 0·7 mg/ml, goat's milk I 1·4 mg/ml and cow's milk 1·8 mg/ml. The production of diacetyl, α-acetolactic acid and acetoin was very low in goat's milk II. In goat's milk I the production of these compounds was higher, but still considerably lower than in cow's milk. Production of ethanol (EtOH) was similar in the 3 milks incubated with starter CH 01, but with FDn the production of EtOH was distinctly higher in goat's milk II. The total amount of CO2produced corresponded with the initial level of citrate; consequently the highest production was found in cow's milk and the lowest in goat's milk II. The use of different starters for fermented products made from goat's milk in early and late lactation is suggested.