Fenusa Pusilla Research Articles

Evaluation of Topically Applied Dimethoate for Control of Lilac Leaf Miner12

Lilac, Syringa spp., can be severely disfigured by the lilac leaf miner, Gracillaria syringella (F.) (Pirone et al. 1960). Single, open growing plants as well as hedges are infested. In Alberta, 2 generations/year of this pest may result in successive infestations. Dimethoate, applied to the soil as a systemic insecticide, successfully controlled birch leaf miners, Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier) (Schread 1960). Because of its relatively low mammalian toxicity and ease of application, dimethoate was assessed for its usefulness in controlling the lilac leaf miner.

Wie verhalten sich Insektenparasiten gegenüber eingeschleppten, faunenfremden Wirten?

An account is given on the patterns of transfer of native parasites to introduced insect hosts. Several European Lepidoptera (Cnephasia. spp.,Paraswammerdamia caesiella, Calophasia lunula, Thymelicus lineola) and sawflies (Diprionidae spp.,Fenusa pusilla) introduced into North America are cited as examples to show the different modes in which a given parasite fauna may react to exotic insect species.

CONTROL OF THE BIRCH LEAF MINER WITH DISULFOTON

AbstractOne ounce of ten per cent granular disulfoton, per tree, applied to 3- and 4-year old blue birch in mid-May, was found to take approximately 2 weeks before reaching significantly toxic levels in the leaves. Thereafter, these levels gave excellent control of Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier) for the 1-year-and-4-month period of the experiment (May 1964 – September 1965). At this dosage, it would appear, the chemical can indefinitely suppress populations of the birch leaf miner if applied once every 2 years.

Tests of Systemic Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Ornamentals

Soil treatments of granular formulations of systemic compounds UC 21149 [2-methyl-1-2 (methylthio) propionaldehyde O -(methylcarbamoyl) oxime] and NIA 10242 (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl N -methylcarbamate) gave complete control of birch leaf miner, Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier) for 2 years, and of holly leaf miner, Phytomyza ilicis (Curtis), and Andromeda lace bug, Stephanitis takeyai (Drake and Maa) [ globulifera (Matsmura) ] during the season in which they were used. UC 21149 gave somewhat better control of boxwood leaf miner, Monarthrapolpus buxi (Laboulbene), than NIA 10242. Bidrin® liquid concentrate [3-(dimethoxyphosphinyloxy) -N , N -dimethyl-cis-crotonamidej and Thiocron® granules [ O , O -dimethyl- S -(2-methoxyethyl-carbamoylmethyl) dithiophosphate] were effective only at the highest concentrations for control of birth leaf miner. Dimetilan granules did not give good control of Andromeda lace bug.

Systemic Insecticides for Control of Scales, Leaf Miners, and Lace Bugs

Soil drenches of phorate and Phosdrin® (1-methoxycarbonyl-1-propen-2-yl dimethyl phosphate, 60% technical) were more effective than Di-Syston® ( O,O -diethyl S -2-(ethylthio) ethylphosphorodithioate), and Sytam® (4 pounds per gallon of schradan) in controlling scale on holly ( Asterolecanium sp.). Pine needle scale ( Phenacaspis pinifoliae (Fitch)) was controlled with phorate granules. Dimethoate granules were more efficient than phorate in killing first-brood birch leaf miners ( Fenusa pusilla (Lep.)), but less so on the second brood. Dimcthoate granules controlled leaf miners in holly ( Phytomyza ilicis (Curt.)) and boxwood ( Monarthro palpus buxi (Lab.)) and lace bugs ( Stephanitis spp.) on andromeda, azalea, and rhododendron. Phosphamidon gave poor control of leaf miners but good control of lace bugs.

The Bionomics of Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) a Leaf-Mining Sawfly on Betula spp

Infestations of Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) have occurred throughout most of northeastern, central, and southern Ontario since 1948 (Sippell, MacDonald, and Wallace, 1956), but before 1955 (Lindquist, 1955), its presence was not recognized because it was confused with the common birch leaf miner, Fenusa pusilla (Lep.).

The Larva of Profenusa alumna (MacG.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

Among the numerous insects attacking the leaves of birch in North America are Profenusa alumna (MacG.) and Fenusa pusilla (Lep.), both of which are leaf-miners belonging to the tribe Fenusini. Various attempts have been made to separate the known fenusine larvae, all of which are very similar (Yuasa, 1922; Ripper, 1931; Lorenz and Kraus, 1957; Lindquist, 1959), but the larval morphology of F. pusilla only has been described in detail (Friend, 1933; Daviault, 1937). In this paper the larval morphology of P. alumna is described from material collected some 60 miles north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, in 1955.

A Key to the Larvae of Leaf-Mining Sawflies on Birch in Ontario with Notes on their Biology

The larvae of leaf-mining insects are difficult to rear in the laboratory and large-scale insect surveys must often rely on the identification of immature stages for their information. The need for a larval key to the birch leaf-mining saw-flies in Ontario became apparent when a complex of three species, Profenusa alumna (MacG.), Fenusa pusilla (Lep.), and Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fall.), was first discovered in 1955 (Lindquist 1955). Larvae of the three mentioned species have been described in recent years by Watson (1959), Friend (1933), and Peirson and Brower (1936), respectively. Additional descriptions of the larvae of F. pusilla and H. nemoratus were made by Daviault (1937). Information on distribution and seasonal occurrence was obtained from collections made by forest biology rangers over a 3-year period. Brief notes on the biology of the species, for comparison purposes, follows the larval key.

Thimet Soil Treatments for Control of Leaf Miners, Galls, and Lace Bugs

Application of Thimet® ( O,O -diethyl S -(ethylthio)methyl phosphorodithioate) granules to the soil around birch, holly, and boxwood in 1957 controlled all season the birch leaf miner ( Fenusa pusilla (Lep)), the holly leaf miner ( Phytomyza ilicis (Curt.)), and the boxwood leaf miner ( Monarthropalpus buxi (Lab.)) on the treated trees. In 1958 the higher dosages used in each experiment continued to control leaf miners. Treatments of Thimet on soil gave good control of the first brood of honey locust pod gall maker ( Dasyneura gleditschiae (O.S)), but were ineffective for later broods. Similar treatments of andromeda and azalea plants controlled lace bugs.

Thimet Soil Treatments for the Control of Leaf Miners

Control of the birch leaf miner (Fenusa pusilla (Lep.)), the holly leaf miner(Phytomyza ilicis (Curt.)), and the boxwood leaf miner (Monarthropalpus (Lab.)) was obtained with 2% Thimet granules sifted onto the surface of the ground under the plants as far as their periphery. With the exception of small holly plants, the granules were not worked into the soil. In most instances watering was done to facilitate quick absorption of the systemic by the plants. April treatments gave good control of the first two broods of birch leaf miners, whereas June treatments were not so effective. Holly leaf miner was effectively controlled in large trees with 4 to 16 oz. and in small trees with 1 to 2 oz. of Thimet. Most boxwood leaf miners were destroyed with 0.08 to 0.32 oz. and somewhat less effective. results were obtained with 0.01 to 0.005 oz. of Thimet per average22-inchplant.