Fenugreek Varieties Research Articles

Genetic and environmental influences on fatty acid composition in different fenugreek genotypes

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) plays a crucial role in both the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its rich nutritional profile and medicinal properties, such as regulating blood sugar and reducing inflammation. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the fatty acid composition in fenugreek seeds, revealing significant variability influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The analysis showed that linoleic acid ranged from 32.16 % to 45.96 %, linolenic acid from 17.3 % to 31.21 %, oleic acid from 11.40 % to 20.32 %, stearic acid from 3.78 % to 6.76 %, and palmitic acid from 8.74 % to 16.44 %. Both genotype and environmental conditions had a profound impact on these profiles, with notable variations arising from differences in water availability. The Israel and Kermanshah (Iran) genotypes recorded the highest linoleic acid levels under irrigated conditions, while the Kayseri (Turkey) genotype exhibited the highest linolenic and stearic acid values across both irrigated and non-irrigated environments. Additionally, the Ahvaz (Iran) and Ukraine genotypes excelled in oleic and palmitic acid concentrations. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) biplots further highlighted the complex genotype-environment interactions, providing essential insights for breeding fenugreek varieties optimized for diverse agro-climatic conditions.

Effect of vermicompost, vermiwash and Moringa leaf extract on seed yield of fenugreek variety RMT 305

Effect of vermicompost, vermiwash and Moringa leaf extract on seed yield of fenugreek variety RMT 305

English

The present study investigates the toxicological effects of cadmium stress on two different varieties of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L). Additionally, it explores the impact of cattle manure application on the morpho-physiological traits of cadmium-stressed spinach and fenugreek. The study employed a completely randomized design with three replicates assigned to each treatment. Two cadmium concentrations (35 mg L-1 and 70 mg L-1) were applied to both leafy vegetables two weeks after sowing. After 10 dwere of stress, the impact of cadmium stress on the biomass attributes (root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, number of leaves, and leaf area) of fenugreek and spinach varieties was assessed. The results indicate that cadmium stress decreased these attributes, with the maximum decrease observed under 70 mg L-1 Cd stress compared to the control and 35 mg L-1 Cd stress. Cattle manure demonstrated a more pronounced positive influence on these parameters, particularly at the 35 mg L-1 concentration, compared to the 70 mg L-1 concentration in both species. Thus, the use of animal manure shows promise as a treatment against heavy metal contamination.

Antioxidant activity of new varieties spicy-aromatic and essential-oil plants

Spicy-aromatic and essential-oil plants are among the most important food, technical and medicinal plants; their green mass, seeds and essential oils are used in various sectors of the economy. The purpose of the research was to study the indicators of antioxidant activity of the green mass of new varieties of spicy-aromatic and essential-oil plants. The research subjects were new regionalized varieties of oregano, hyssop officinalis, common basil, fine-flowered basil, fragrant onion, multi-tiered onion, fragrant rue, blue fenugreek, large-rhizome geranium and borage. The yield of green mass during flowering phase was studied in field experiments according to generally accepted methods. In laboratory experiments, the content of vitamin C and carotene was studied according to standard methods, content of polyphenolic compounds – according to method of calibration schedule based on a standard substance – rutin. As a result of field and laboratory studies, it has been determined that the yield of the green mass of the studied crops was 125–280 c/ha, vitamin C – 27.0–69.0 mg/100 g, carotene – 7.5–40.7 mg/kg, polyphenol compounds – 9.6–374.2 mg rutin/g. The studied spicy-aromatic and essential-oil plants in terms of antioxidant activity (content of polyphenol compounds) can be grouped into the following series: oregano > large-rhizome geranium > hyssop officinalis > basil > borage > fragrant rue > blue fenugreek > perennial onions. Among the varieties of oregano and hyssop, higher rates of antioxidant activity are noted in varieties with a more intense corolla color (rich pink – in oregano, blue – in hyssop). The results obtained on the yield of marketable products and antioxidant activity make it possible to more fully evaluate spicy-aromatic and essential-oil plants with the prospect of their use in various sectors of the economy, primarily in the development of functional products.

Effect of rhizospheric bacteria on growth, physiological attributes and melatonin contents of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

Chemical fertilizers are economically important but environmentally these are unfit for the living organisms. Therefore, to solve this problem rhizobacteria were used as a substituent. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of rhizospheric bacteria on growth, physiological attributes and endogenous melatonin contents of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) varieties. Inorganic fertilizers (Urea and DAP) were used in experiment for comparison with bio-fertilizers (Bradyrhizobium joponicum and Burkholderia cepacia). It was found that plants under treatment of bacteria and fertilizers have more growth in comparison to control plants. Significant changes were observed in growth of plants. Rhizospheric bacterial amendments significantly improved endogenous melatonin level in all studied fenugreek varieties. Plants under bacterial treatments have represented positive changes in all the parameters which were studied as compare to control plants. From these results it is found that bacterial inoculants have beneficial effects on four varieties of fenugreek. These results suggested that beneficial bacteria can be essential and significant in reducing risks to ecosystems around the world.

Effect of Planting Times on the Yield and Quality of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.) Under the Conditions of Kahramanmaraş

This study was performed in the 2013-2014 cultivation season with the purpose of determining the most suitable planting season of fenugreek under the ecological conditions of Kahramanmaraş. The trial was established in two different cultivation periods as winter and spring at the Eastern Mediterranean Transition Zone Agricultural Research Station in according to factorial randomized block design with three replications. In the study, the Gürarslan fenugreek variety as well as Candicate Line-1 and Genotype-1 fenugreek genotypes were used as material. In the study, features such as plant height, first pod height, number of branches per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, seed yield per decare, thousand seed weight, mucilage rate, fixed oil ratio, fixed oil yield, crude protein ratio, humidity, raw ash ratio, and the rates of linoleic acid, alpha linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid as important fatty acids were studied. Variance analysis made on the data obtained by using SPSS statistical package program. In the comparison of the means, Duncan multiple comparison test was used. As a result, in this study, was found that in the region where the study was performed, the most suitable planting season for fenugreek cultivators is the winter planting dated winter planting when the highest values of plant height, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant were obtained. From the features studied in the research the difference between genotypes was found significant only from the perspective of seed yield per plant and fixed oil ratio. While the best results were obtained from Genotype-1 for seed yield per plant, the best results for fixed oil yield were obtained from Candicate Line-1.

Registration of newly released fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) variety Arganne for mid altitude of Bale, South Eastern Ethiopia

Arganne with the accession name Acc. 202209sno3-5) is a fenugreek variety released by Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia in 2021. The trial was conducted at Sinana Agricultural Research Centre from observation nursery to preliminary yield trial and promising fenugreek genotypes were selected from yield trial based on seed yield and reaction to diseases, especially powdery mildew. These promising genotypes were evaluated against standard check Hunda’ol and Ebisa across three locations for three consecutive years (2017 to 2019). Arganne showed superior yielding ability, producing a mean seed yield of 17-26 Qt ha-1 on the research field and 15-21 Qt ha-1 on the farmers’ field. The seed yield of the new variety exceeded that of the standard check Hunda’ol and Ebisa varieties by about 12.00% and 11.23%, respectively. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 53-55, December 2022

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Cultivation and Genetic Diversity Assessment in Ethiopia

Fenugreek is mainly used as a spice, food, and medicinal plant in different parts of the world and Ethiopia. There is a suitable agroecology for the production of fenugreek in the country, however, the production volume and productivity are very low compared to its potential due to a lack of improved optional varieties and production packages. From the total production in the country, more than 98% of the production volume is only from Oromia and Amahara regions (58.88% and 39.92%), respectively. Studies on the assessment of genetic variability of fenugreek in Ethiopia revealed the crop was highly variable for several traits which indicates the possibilities for genetic improvement of the crop through selection and cross-breeding. In Previous times there are a few numbers of improved varieties that were developed under seed spices, however recently the research attention given to seed spices is better than the previous, and different varieties were released and recommended for specific and wider agroecology cultivation. In the country, more than nine fenugreek varieties (Chala, Hunda’ol, Ebisa, Bishoftu, Burka, Jamma, Wereillu, Teru, and Chefe) were released for yield, fixed and essential oil, and seed quality from regional and federal research institute. However, variety improvement in Ethiopia was only through the selection of superior yielding and quality landraces. Therefore, developing variety through hybridization and mutation breeding for yield, organoleptic and nutraceutical properties is vital for future breeding work to exploit the potential of the crop in the country.

Soil-applied Nickel Generates Differential Responses in Growth, Physiology and Oxidative Metabolism of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Varieties.

This work aims to evaluate the potential of nickel (Ni), an essential micronutrient, as an oxidative stress inducer along with associated morphological and biochemical responses in different varieties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), a chief economically cultivated crop of India. Varietal differences in crop performance upon exposure to 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80mg Ni kg- 1 soil reflects that Ni applied at 20mg Ni kg- 1 soil offers growth-promoting effects, improved photosynthesis attributes, carbonic and nitrate reductase activities more profound in PEB followed by AFg2, AFg1 and UM185 variety. This study observed a dose-dependent reduction in all the above parameters. Maximum toxic effects were noticed at 80mg kg- 1 Ni, manifested in the form of enhanced H2O2 and MDA contents, which were efficiently counteracted by augmentation in proline content, SOD, POX, CAT and APX activities in PEB over other varieties, suggesting that the Ni tolerance in fenugreek varieties can be organized as PEB > AFg2 > AFg1 > UM185.

Extraction Efficacy and Composition of Biochemical Metabolites in Recent Fenugreek Varieties Grown in North India

Abstract: Field experiments involving fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum) crop varieties ‘RMP-664’ and ‘AFG3’ raised for different stage cuttings revealed that fenugreek leaves have potential extractability of nitrogen. The highest total nitrogen extractability, from the leaves of three stage cuts of fenugreek varieties, were given by first cutting harvest, the values being 55.50% (RMP-664) and 57.51% (AFG3). AFG3 variety was found to be superior over RMP-664 variety of nitrogen-extractability. AFG3 variety showed higher value of dry Leaf Protein Concentrate (LPC) recovery (2.64g per 100g fresh leaves) than RMP-664 variety (2.35g per 100g fresh leaves). Furthermore, dry LPC yield per hectare was higher in AFG3 variety than RMP-664, the values being 195.03 kg/ha and 98.73 kg/ha, respectively. Extracted LPC and fibrous residue were found rich in biochemical metabolites like protein, ether extracts, ash and total carbohydrates. The total extracted protein yield from RMP-664 and AFG3 varieties were obtained to be 42.44 kg/ha and 90.75 kg/ha, respectively. Keywords: Leaf Protein Concentrate, Extraction efficacy, Biochemical metabolites, Fenugreek

Effect of Ethanol Solvents on Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties of Seed Extracts of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Varieties and Determination of Phenolic Composition by HPLC-ESI-MS

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants grown for its leaves and seeds that are used for both culinary and medicinal purpose. This study aims to evaluate the effect of ethanol concentration (30, 50, 70 and 96% (v/v) of ethanol in water) as a solvent for the extraction of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant properties (antiradical activity (ARA), transition metal reducing power (TMRP), iron chelating ability (ICA)) of seed extracts of spring variety Ovari 4 (FSV) and winter variety PSZ.G.SZ (FWV) fenugreek, and separate and identify the major phenolics of the extracts by HPLC-ESI-MS. The results indicated that 70% ethanol solution resulted in the maximum amount of TPC for both FSV and FWV seeds. The TPC decreased in the treatments in the following order: 70% ethanol > 96% ethanol > 50% ethanol > 30% ethanol, whereas extraction yield changed in a different manner: 30% ethanol > 50% ethanol > 70% ethanol > 96% ethanol. The extracts from seeds of both fenugreek varieties obtained with 70% and 96% ethanol showed equal high RSA while superior TMRP and ICA were observed in 70% ethanol extracts. The TMRP and ICA were strongly correlated with TPC for both varieties. The correlation between RSA and TPC was high, but not significant. Thus, the obtained data indicate the 70% ethanol solvent suitability for efficient extraction of phenolic compounds from seeds of the FWV and FSV. According to an HPLC-ESI-MS analysis, the polyphenolic profiles of fenugreek are presumably formed by flavone C-glycosides with apigenin or luteolin as aglycone linked with different glycones. High antioxidant activity of FWV seeds can be an adaptation to cold stress of the winter variety aimed at strengthening the antioxidant defense of the germinating seeds.

Evaluation of diosgenin content from eleven different Indian varieties of fenugreek and fenugreek leaf powder fortified bread

The present study designed to establish the diosgenin profile from eleven different Indian varieties of fenugreek, and subsequently develop powder from the best stage and variety to prepare diosgenin fortified bread. The seeds, sprouts and leaves of different fenugreek varieties were analyzed for the diosgenin using HPLC. The content of phenolics and flavonoids also estimated and assessed for its antioxidant capacity using phosphomolybdate, DPPH and FRAP. Among eleven varieties screened for diosgenin and the other compounds, tender leaf of Kasuri methi (KS) variety showed the highest content of diosgenin (466.89 ± 0.32 mg/100 g FW), phenolics (58.54 ± 2.70 mg/100 g FW) and flavonoids (1104.16 ± 43.70 mg/100 g FW) followed by Pusa Early Bunching (PEB) (444.18 ± 0.36 mg/100 g FW) and Early Bunching (EB) (409.45 ± 0.42 mg/100 g FW). Among three stages, seeds found to be a better total antioxidant, DPPH scavenging, and reducing ability. Further, based on the results, bread fortified with 1.5% KS leaf powder is found to be optimal which also has significant diosgenin content (268.91 mg/100 g DW). And the effect of KS leaf powder on amylograph and farinograph characteristics of wheat flour and quality characteristics of bread showed promising results of acceptance.

Growth and Yield of Fenugreek (<i>Trigonella</i> <i>foenum-graecum </i>L.) Varieties as Influenced by Application of NPS Fertilizer at Ginir, South-eastern Ethiopia

Shortage of improved varieties and soil nutrient depletion are the major production constraints of fenugreek in mid-altitude of Bale Zone in Ethiopia. Therefore, an on-farm experiment was conducted at Ginir, south-eastern Ethiopia, to assess the effect of NPS fertilizer rates on growth and, yield components and seed yield of fenugreek varieties. Factorial combinations of three fenugreek varieties (Burqa, Chala and Ebisa) and five rates of NPS (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg NPS ha^-1) were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that the main effects of varieties significantly influenced days to 50% flowering, days to 90% physiological maturity and thousand seed weight. The highest thousand seed weight (17.31 g) was recorded from variety Burqa. Variety Chala was the earliest to reach days to 50% flowering (63.27 days) while variety Burqa was the earliest (115 days) to reach 90% of physiological maturity. Similarly, the main effect of NPS showed significantly higher number of primary branches per plant (5.11), number of pod per plant (25.47) and biomass yield (7160 kg ha^-1) at 200 kg NPS ha^-1 while the highest thousand seed weight (18.44g) was obtained at 150 kg NPS ha^-1. The interaction of NPS fertilizer and varieties showed significant effect on plant height, number of seeds per pod and seed yield. The highest plant height (53.67cm) was recorded from Chala variety at 200 kg NPS fertilizer ha^-1 while the highest number of seeds per pod (11.89) was recorded from variety Burqa at 150 kg NPS fertilizer ha^-1. Similarly, the highest seed yield (1980 kg ha^-1) was recorded from variety Ebisa at 150 kg NPS fertilizer ha^-1. The economic analysis revealed that the highest net return of (42231.67 and 40361.9 ETB ha^-1) with marginal rate of return (566.84 and 542.5%) were recorded for varieties of Ebisa and Chala respectively, while variety Burqa resulted in the higher net benefit (39294.8 ETB ha^-1) with the highest marginal rate of return (166.24%) at 100 kg NPS ha^-1. Therefore, it can tentatively be concluded that application of 150 kg NPS ha^-1 Ebisa and Chala varieties and 100 kg NPS ha^-1 of variety Burqa to be the best treatment in the study area.

English

Even if there are released Fenugreek varieties in Ethiopia, there is no variety specifically for color quality purpose. This study was conducted based on the objective of evaluation of different colored Fenugreek germplasm for yield and market preference in Ethiopia. Evaluation and preliminary variety trial were conducted at Debrezeit, Chefe donsa and Akaki locations. While national variety trial was conducted at Debrezeit, Chefe donsa, Akaki, Kulumsa, Sinana, Gonder, Sirinka, and Assosa having nine genotypes including check variety. The standard experimental procedures were used in the experiment. The result showed that, there is a significant difference among tested genotypes over locations; however, the objective of the experiment is to evaluate nine fenugreek genotypes including check variety considering both market seed color preference and yield. The study found FG-10(Bishoftu) variety had white seed color. This color is preferred color in international market. This variety therefore, was released for production for all fenugreek growing environments of East Shoa and similar environments. Key words: Fenugreek, market seed color, quality, Bishoftu.

Discrimination of a selected set of turmeric, ginger, fenugreek and coriander varieties using ISSR markers

DNA fingerprints are unique to individuals and can be used to identify individuals as in the case of conventional fingerprints. Plant DNA fingerprinting make use of various molecular markers for identifying newly released crop varieties and are all the more important in plant variety registration under the PPV&FR Act of 2001. The trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPS) and the convention on biological diversity (CBD) insist on the establishment of identity and ownership of genotypes for enforcement of their provisions for securing protection to plant varieties as well as for regulating access to germplasm resources. DNA fingerprints, along with morphological markers, can be efficiently utilized for plant varietal identification, detection of duplicates and adulterants. Here in this particular study, the spice samples received at the DNA fingerprinting facility (DNAFF) of ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research (ICAR-IISR) from various centres of All India Coordinated Project on Spices (AICRPS) were DNA fingerprinted using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The DNA profile of a candidate variety vis-a-vis check variety is an essential prerequisite during submission of proposal for release of crop variety to central sub-committee on crop standards notification and release of varieties. The new varieties of turmeric, ginger, coriander and fenugreek were compared with the closely resembling check varieties for establishing distinctness for varietal registration. A total of 118 ISSR primers were screened in the above-given crops, to identify the distinct markers identifying the candidate from the check varieties. Using this technique, the DNAFF at ICAR-IISR could facilitate registration of turmeric varieties, Roma, Rasmi and Suroma; ginger varieties Suruchi, Suravi and Suprabha; coriander varieties, Suguna, Susthira and Suruchi, while varieties of turmeric, Uttara Rupanjana and Uttara Ranjini; fenugreek variety Ajmer fenugreek (AFg-5); coriander varieties Ajmer coriander (ACr-2) and Chhattisgarh Shri Chandra Hasini dhaniya-2 (ICS-4) are in the process of getting registration. ISSR markers were found to be appropriate for establishing distinctness of the new varieties of spices for securing varietal registration.

Oat (Avena sativa L.) supplemented with fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) as a potential alternative for teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] for human nutrition in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Teff is an important food crop in Ethiopia and mainly used for the production of injera, a flatbread considered the country’s national dish. But due to increasing demand of teff it is important to look for alternative crops that can contribute to food security. Oat and fenugreek are crops known for their health benefits but are still mainly used for animal nutrition in Ethiopia. The objective of this work was to quantify the proximate composition, nutrients, and amino acid compositions of local teff, oat, and fenugreek varieties in order to create suitable blends for injera making. At about 65%, the carbohydrate content in oat and teff was about twice as high as for fenugreek. However, fenugreek had a higher level of crude protein (about 32%) than teff (12%) and oat (14%), which makes it an important supplement for cereal grains. The concentration of macronutrients also depended greatly on the cultivated crop, with the highest iron concentrations found in teff and highest calcium and potassium concentrations in fenugreek. All essential (exception methionine) and nonessential amino acids were found to be highest in fenugreek with relatively small variations between the varieties. Teff and oat contained lower levels with clear differences between the varieties. Low contents of amino acids were mostly found for the teff variety DZ-Cr-387 and high values for the oat variety Jarsey. The study showed that oat blended with fenugreek could substitute teff grain for injera making. The chemical composition of the varieties should also be considered when blending these components.

Impact of aluminum and zinc oxides on morphological characters, germination, metals accumulation and DNA in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)

Abstract Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have several prospective technical implementations; it hassled the issue of unidentified environmental impacts from their release. Zinc and aluminum oxides have been used in numerous sectors including industrial and agriculture products. The present study deals with the impact of various levels (0, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg kg−1) of zinc and aluminum oxides NPs on seed germination and seedling growth for both varieties (Qassimi and Yemeni) of fenugreek. The untreated plants were used as a control. Results showed that a severe decline in germination percentage occurred at higher concentrations of ZnO and Al2O3 NPs (1000 mg L−1). Radicle and plumule growth rates for both verities treated with ZnO and Al2O3 NPs inhibited significantly (p > 0.05) by increasing the concentrations of NPs. Moreover, dry and fresh weights of root and shoot of both varieties progressively reduced with increasing NPs concentration. The average accumulation of Zn content ranged from 61 to 334 and 63 to 358 mg kg−1 for root and shoot of Qassimi and Yemeni variety, respectively. The average accumulation of Al varied from 47 to 319 and 46 to 334 mg kg−1 for root and shoot of Qassimi and Yemeni variety, respectively. The translocation factor (TF) ranged from 0.98 to 1.26 for Zn, and from 0.91 to 1.32 for Al. Also, genetic diversity was assessed in fenugreek (Qassimi and Yemeni) by using Strat Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. High levels of polymorphism have been detected, suggesting that these markers are valuable tools for detecting genetic variation. The finding confirmed that the genetic variation was greater in plants exposed to high levels of nano ZnO and Al2O3 compared to control. In conclusion, the tested metal nano oxides possess an inhibitory effect on plant growth, metal uptake, and genetic variation by both varieties of fenugreek. Such findings significantly improve our knowledge of environmental safety after release to metal oxide nanoparticles.

Efficacy of IAA, GA3 and Riboflavin for Morpho-biochemical and Yield Attributes of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) in Pakistan

Background: Fenugreek is an important winter leafy vegetable in Pakistan with high nutritional values. Its seeds are used as spices and whole plant is used in many home remedies and medicine throughout the world. Its foliage and seed productivity is much low in the region. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and vitamins (riboflavin) can be useful for the enhancement of plant productivity. Methods: Treatments of indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and riboflavin (50 mmol L-1 each) were applied as foliar spray after 14 days of sowing on fenugreek variety Kasuri Methi. Experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replicates. Result: Result showed that GA3 and IAA has significantly enhanced the root and shoot development, foliage growth and ions concentrations, peroxidase (POD) and catalases (CAT) activities. PGRs also increased the pod and seed yield of fenugreek. Riboflavin did not show any significant effect on fenugreek except increased the antioxidant activities at seedling stage. GA3 was more effective as compared to IAA for the enhancement biomass production, yield and biochemical attributes of fenugreek. It was determined that IAA and GA3 can be used to enhance the foliage biomass production and yield but GA3 is superior over IAA in fenugreek. These outcomes can be useful for economic benefits with high production of this leafy vegetable.

Production of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) as Influenced by Weed Management Practices and Vermicompost Application

Background: A field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur during Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 to study the weed flora, growth, yield and economics of fenugreek. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications having Fenugreek variety RMT-305 (25 kg ha-1) and RDF of 40 kg N and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 (basal dose through urea and DAP). Methods: Herbicide applied as pre-emergence (PE) at one day after sowing, while post-emergence (PoE) application at 2-4 leaf stage of weeds (21 DAS) with knapsack sprayer having flat fan nozzle using 500 liters of water ha-1. Result: The pooled results revealed that pre-emergence application of oxadiargyl 100 g/ha fb hoeing at 40 DAS recorded significantly higher weed control efficiency (82.3%), plant height (59.83 cm), number of branches (6.09), number of pods (44.86), number of seeds/pod (17.33), seed weight (9.05 g/plant) of fenugreek. Also, significantly maximum seed yield (2.82 t/ha), haulm yield (6.70 t/ha) and harvest index (29.7%) of fenugreek was recorded under oxadiargyl 100 g/ha PE fb hoeing at 40 DAS which was at par with weed free treatment. Significantly higher net returns (98158 `/ha) and B C ratio (2.63) was obtained with application of oxadiargyl 100 g/ha Pre-Emergence (PE) fb hoeing at 40 DAS. Residual effect of herbicides used in fenugreek did not showed any phytotoxic effect on succeeding summer fodder maize in terms of visual phytotoxicity rating at various growth stages of maize, weed flora, dry matter of weeds as well as crop at 30 DAS and green fodder yield of summer fodder maize.

Weed indices as influenced by different weed management practices in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

A field experiment conducted at Instructional farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 to study the effect of weed management practices on weed control and seed yield of fenugreek. The experiment consists of thirteen weed management treatments comprising imazethapyr (70 g ha-1, 70 g ha-1 fb hoeing at 40 DAS), imazethapye 50 g ha-1 at 2-4 leaf stage of weeds, imazethapyr + imazamox 50 and 60 g ha-1 at 2-4 leaf stage of weeds, pendimethalin 750 g ha-1 PE, oxyfluorfen (120, 150 g ha-1 and 120 g ha-1 fb hoeing at harvest, oxadiargyl (100 g ha-1 and 100 g ha-1 fb hoeing at 40 DAS) including weed free and weedy check in main plot treatments and levels of vermicompost, viz. control and 5 t ha-1 in sub plot treatments. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The soil of experimental field was clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, medium in organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and high in available potassium. Fenugreek variety RMT-305 was sown at 30 cm distance with 25 kg ha-1 seed rate and fertilize with recommended dose of fertilizers. Pre-emergence application of oxadiargyl 100 g ha-1 followed by hoeing at 40 DAS recorded significantly lower weed density (15.00 m-2) and weed dry matter (54.20 g m-2), higher weed control efficiency (86.29% ), crop resistance index (10.20), weed persistence index (1.79%) and lowest weed index (3.03% ). Also the same treatment recorded higher growth, yield attributes and seed yield (2820 kg ha-1) of fenugreek however this treatment was remained at par with weed free check.