Abstract
The present study designed to establish the diosgenin profile from eleven different Indian varieties of fenugreek, and subsequently develop powder from the best stage and variety to prepare diosgenin fortified bread. The seeds, sprouts and leaves of different fenugreek varieties were analyzed for the diosgenin using HPLC. The content of phenolics and flavonoids also estimated and assessed for its antioxidant capacity using phosphomolybdate, DPPH and FRAP. Among eleven varieties screened for diosgenin and the other compounds, tender leaf of Kasuri methi (KS) variety showed the highest content of diosgenin (466.89 ± 0.32 mg/100 g FW), phenolics (58.54 ± 2.70 mg/100 g FW) and flavonoids (1104.16 ± 43.70 mg/100 g FW) followed by Pusa Early Bunching (PEB) (444.18 ± 0.36 mg/100 g FW) and Early Bunching (EB) (409.45 ± 0.42 mg/100 g FW). Among three stages, seeds found to be a better total antioxidant, DPPH scavenging, and reducing ability. Further, based on the results, bread fortified with 1.5% KS leaf powder is found to be optimal which also has significant diosgenin content (268.91 mg/100 g DW). And the effect of KS leaf powder on amylograph and farinograph characteristics of wheat flour and quality characteristics of bread showed promising results of acceptance.
Highlights
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is well-known for its medicinal property all over the world (Ahmad et al 2016)
Among eleven varieties screened for diosgenin and the other compounds, tender leaf of Kasuri methi (KS) variety showed the highest content of diosgenin (466.89 ± 0.32 mg/100 g FW), phenolics (58.54 ± 2.70 mg/100 g FW) and flavonoids (1104.16 ± 43.70 mg/100 g FW) followed by Pusa Early Bunching (PEB) (444.18 ± 0.36 mg/100 g FW) and Early Bunching (EB) (409.45 ± 0.42 mg/100 g FW)
The seeds (CO-1, 1120.8 mg/ 100 g FW) and leaf (KS, 1104.1 mg/100 g FW) of fenugreek were found to be rich in flavonoids when compared to sprouts (EB, 340 mg/100 g FW)
Summary
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is well-known for its medicinal property all over the world (Ahmad et al 2016). J Food Sci Technol (December 2021) 58(12):4746–4754 materials It is a well documented oldest medicinal plant, traditionally used in India to treat a variety of diseases since long back (Khare 2004; Ahmad et al 2016). Fenugreek seeds and leaves are rich in fibre, protein, b-carotene, vitamins, minerals, gums along with alkaloids, flavonoids, steroidal sapogenins, diosgenin, trigocoumarin, nicotinic acid, trimethyl coumarin and trigonelline (Khare 2004; Naidu et al 2011; Ahmad et al 2016; Sarwar et al 2020). Diosgenin present in fenugreek has paved way to many researchers due to its medicinal properties
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