Fenton Oxidation Method Research Articles

The effect of fenton oxidation on the quality of pharmaceutical industry wastewater: a case study of bod, cod, toc, and turbidity parameters

Abstract Chemical residues from pharmaceutical manufacturing processes possess the potential to pollute the environment, particularly the aquatic ecosystem. Environmental indicators include COD, BOD, TOC, and turbidity levels that exceed limits set by regulations. This research is focused on investigating fluctuations in the quantities of wastewater contaminant parameters from pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities before and after treatment with the fenton oxidation method, as well as examining the effectiveness of the fenton oxidation process on water quality using predetermined parameters. This study involves independent variables that included various dosages of Fe2+ and H2O2. Adjusting the pH of the water after stirring to 7 stimulates the flocculation process, which effectively eliminates contaminants, specifically variant 15g FeSO4 and 100 ml H2O2 which successfully lowers turbidity by 99.55%, reduces BOD by 60%, COD removal by 98.69%, and reduces TOC by 92.94%. Control variables include initial contaminant amount, pH, temperature and pressure, fenton oxidation process duration, and instrument conditions.

Using the Fenton reactions to eliminate Total Organic Carbon (TOC) from industrial effluents

Industrial effluents are produced in large quantities in underdeveloped nations, where they cannot be handled using conventional treatment techniques. In this study, hydroxyl radicals (HO•) were successfully generated for the treatment of industrial wastewater represented in TOC removals by combining aferrouscatalystwithhydrogenperoxidein the Fenton reaction. The effects of operating conditions of pH, ferrous dose, H2O2 dose, time, and initial TOC concentration were studied for the Fenton process and different operating parameters were studied for the coagulation process to optimize and control the removal efficiency. The results showed that Fenton oxidation processes are able to reduce about 86 % for initial TOC level of 2000 and 95 % for initial TOC level of 400 after using 0.15 g/L ferrous dose, 10 mL/L of 30 % H2O2 for 30 min at acidic pH 4. Finally, this study recommends removing organic materials from industrial effluent using the Fenton oxidation method.

Mechanistic action of pesticides on pests and their consequent effect on fishes and human health with remediation strategies

Abstract Population detonation and inflated demand for agricultural products have resulted in the rampant use of pesticides in recent years. These pesticides are used to reduce the number of pesticides by different mechanisms. They have been utilized in agriculture to expand agrarian profit, crop yield, quality, and storage life. The incessant and extensive use of resistant pesticides has contaminated the water bodies, fields, crops, and aquatic biota as well as poses a threat to human health. As a result, stringent regulations and limits are established to monitor the pesticide matrix. The current review focuses on pesticide contamination in the food chain, particularly from the aquatic bodies to fishes and humans. It also discusses strict regulations and limits including maximum residual limits for food items, acceptable daily intake, theoretical maximum daily intake, and estimated carcinogenicity/non-carcinogenicity for fishes and human health risks. In addition to conferring the negative effects of pesticides, this article discusses cost-effective remediation techniques such as phytoremediation, adsorption, the Fenton oxidation method, microalgal/high-rate algal ponds, and nanotechnology with the comparison of their remediation cost.

Research progress on degradation of organic pollutants based on metal–organic frameworks materials

As an advanced oxidation process, Fenton oxidation has attracted much attention because its reactants and products are green and pollution - free. The traditional Fenton oxidation method has some problems, such as high PH requirement and low utilization rate of hydrogen peroxide. Over the past few years, the advancements in application research of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have presented innovative and effective ideas for addressing the aforementioned issues. This paper presents the recent advancements in Fenton oxidation technique utilizing Fenton-based materials. Based on literature analysis, it can be seen that Fe-based MOFs were initially used for catalytic reaction and the research shows that the catalytic activity of Fe-based MOFs can be increased by increasing the number of unsaturated Fe metal sites. And the doping of other metals into Fe-based MOF or dual ligand Fe-based MOFs can play a role in changing the structure and increasing the unsaturated metal sites which can further expand the direct application of MOFs in the Fenton oxidation method. However, due to the limited types of iron-based MOFs, non-iron-based MOFs materials and indirect use of MOFs have been reported in the indirect use of MOFs, catalytic active substances can be compounded into MOFs materials through in-situ growth, forming a synergistic effect to improve the efficiency of degradation by means of carbonization or pyrolysis of MOFs, MOFs derived materials can be obtained.

Application of the Fenton Oxidation Method for Cheese Production Wastewater Treatment

Application of the Fenton Oxidation Method for Cheese Production Wastewater Treatment

Treatment of Waterborne Coating Wastewater by Coagulation Sedimentation Fenton Oxidation Process

waterborne coatings have become the development trend of the coating industry because of their less use of organic solvents and good environmental protection performance. However, the wastewater produced in the production process of waterborne coatings has become a difficult pollution source. Based on this, this paper uses coagulation sedimentation method and Fenton oxidation method to treat waterborne coating wastewater. Taking the COD of treated wastewater as the research index, this paper studies various factors affecting the treatment effect of coagulation sedimentation and Fenton oxidation. Through single factor analysis, the results show that the best dosage of PFS and PAM is PFS: 8 g/L and PAM: 0.8 g/L; In Fenton oxidation, the dosage of H2O2 is 9.98mL/L, the dosage of FeSO4 · 7H2O is n (Fe2+): n (H2O2) = 1:6, pH is 2, and the dosage times are 2.

An experimental study on the pretreatment of lignite upgrading wastewater using the Fenton oxidation method

An experimental study on the pretreatment of lignite upgrading wastewater using the Fenton oxidation method

Enhanced sludge dewaterability by Fe-rich biochar activating hydrogen peroxide: Co-hydrothermal red mud and reed straw

This study proposed Fe-rich biochar (RMRS-BC) produced by the co-hydrothermal treatment of red mud and reed straw, industrial waste and agricultural waste, as a novel sludge conditioner. It had been proven that heterogeneous and homogeneous Fenton reactions occurred during the sludge conditioning process, in which RMRS-BC activated H2O2 to improve sludge dewaterability. Results demonstrated that the optimal condition was 7.5 wt% dry solids (DS) of RMRS-BC at a mass ratio of 1:1 combined with H2O2. The corresponding water content of sludge cakes and the capillary suction time reduction efficiency were 57.88 wt% and 69.76%, respectively. The Fe3O4 supported in the RMRS-BC structure was used as a catalyst to produce heterogeneous reaction, and the Fe2+ leached from the RMRS-BC after acidification happened homogeneous reaction. Double Fenton reaction in sludge conditioning enhanced the production efficiency of ·OH, the sludge flocs were dispersed into smaller particles, more bound water from the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was released, and sludge dewaterability performance was improved. Another main mechanism for enhancing dewaterability was to use RMRS-BC as a skeleton builder to reduce the compressibility of sludge cakes and facilitated free water to flow out. In summary, the Fenton oxidation method activated by RMRS-BC is feasible in improving sludge dewatering.

The Presence of Microplastics in Water, Sediment, and Milkfish (Chanos chanos) at the Downstream Area of Citarum River, Indonesia

Citarum River is the largest natural stream in West Java, Indonesia, flowing across an area of 6614 km2. About 3000 industries discharge their wastewater into the stream, affecting almost 19 million people who live along the river. Considering the perseverance and the prospective toxicity of microplastics (MPs), investigating their concentrations in this river is critical to help illustrate the exposure of the risks to the residents of the area and beyond. This study was focused on identifying the MPs concentrations in the water, sediment, and milkfish (Chanos chanos). A volume-reduce method by using manta trawl was used to take water samples. Sediment and milkfish samples were taken using a grab sampling method. Digestion of fish was using Fenton oxidation method according to weighted ratio (1:5) and H2O2 30% (w/v). The average MPs concentration in the river was 0.0574 ± 0.025 particles/m3; in the seawater ponds 3.000 ± 2.645 particles/L; and in the mixed-water ponds, where the water from the river and the sea were mixed, 0.666 ± 0.577 particles/L. The average MPs concentration in the sediment of Citarum River was 16.666 ± 0.577 particles/100 g; in the seawater ponds 13.335 ± 1.527 particles/100 g; in the mixed-water ponds 11.665 ± 0.577 particles/100 g; and in the seawater 3.335 ± 0.331 particles/100 g. The average of MPs concentration in the gut and gills of milkfish in the seawater ponds was 2.666 ± 2.333 particles/fish, and in the mixed-water ponds was 1.166 ± 0.983 particles/fish. The average of MPs concentration in the milkfish tissues taken from the sea was 1.333 ± 0.577 particles/fish; and for the ones taken from the mixed-water ponds, the concentration was 1.111 ± 0.838 particles/fish. Using the Kruskal Wallis test to generate statistical analysis, there is a significant difference between the MPs concentrations in the water and sediment samples of Citarum River based on their locations (p value = 0.024 and 0.032 < 0.05). The most dominant plastic polymers in the samples were polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). There is no correlation between the level of MPs concentrations in water and sediments and the level of MPs concentrations in milkfish. However, the existence of microplastics in every sample that came from different points in the sampling area should sound an alarm, either to the local government or residents.

A More Efficient Fenton Oxidation Method with High Shear Mixing for the Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers

AbstractA more efficient Fenton oxidation method with high shear mixing for the preparation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is investigated. The Fenton reaction is the reaction between Fe2+ and H2O2 to produce a series of free radicals that leads to oxidation of the cellulose. With the new technology, the Fe2+ is preloaded into the kraft pulp by a high shear refining method to realize in situ oxidation of cellulose fibers. It is found that the carbonyl content in the fibers using high shear mixing process is 149.79 μmol g−1 when the dosage of hydrogen peroxide is 0.08 g/g (weight of dry fibers), compared to the 126.40 μmol g−1 of fiber without high shearing when the dosage of hydrogen peroxide is 0.15 g/g, which indicates that the new Fe2+ pre‐loading process has higher oxidation efficiency with lower H2O2 consumption compared with traditional Fe2+ preloading process. The 13C NMR results show that the C2, C3, and C6 hydroxyl groups are oxidized to aldehyde and carboxyl groups, which is beneficial to increase the electrostatic repulsion between fibers and facilitate the subsequent homogenization treatment. The obtained CNF is uniform in size and slightly lower in thermal stability.

Simultaneous removal of COD and Ammoniacal Nitrogen from dye intermediate manufacturing Industrial Wastewater using Fenton oxidation method

The untreated wastewater from the dye industry having high ammoniacal nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (COD) significantly pollutes the receiving water, such as a river, having major ill implications on the aquatic environment. The present study is undertaken to address this problem. It investigates the effectiveness of Fenton reagent in simultaneous treatment (removal) of ammoniacal nitrogen and COD present in the wastewater by varying the parameters like pH, concentration of Fe 2+ and H2O2 and their molar ratio. The reaction time for all the experiments was kept 60 min. The experimental analysis in terms of calculating the residual % of ammoniacal nitrogen and COD revealed that the maximum reduction occurred at pH 3. At this pH, further set of experiments were performed by varying the molar doses of Fe2+/H2O2 as 1:1, 3:3 and 5:5, and the results reveal that the maximum reduction in both ammoniacal nitrogen and COD happens at molar dose of 3:3. To understand the effect of the concentration of Fe2+ and H2O2 on the respective removal efficiency, set of experiments were performed by taking the molar ratio of Fe2+/H2O2 as 2:1, 3:1, 5:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:5. The experimental analysis reveals that the maximum reduction happened at molar ratio 1:3. Fenton process can mineralize the pollutants up to 75.8% and 78.6% for ammoniacal nitrogen and COD removal. The findings of the study would be of great use for planning and optimizing the wastewater treatment facility for the dye intermediate industry.

Occurence of Microplastics in Water, Sediment and Milkfish (Chanos chanos) in Citarum River Downstream (Case Study: Muara Gembong)

Microplastics in aquatic environment can possibly enter into the aquatic organism, so this study aims to identify the microplastic concentrations in water, sediment, and milkfish. The samples are taken in downstream Citarum river at Muara Gembong. Water samples were taken using a manta trawl pulled by a boat while sediment and milkfish samples were taken using the grab sampling method. Organic removal and cleaning was conducted by using the Fenton Oxidation method which use Fe and H2O2. The average of microplastic concentrations in river water, seawater ponds, mixed water, and seawater consecutively are 0.0574 ± 0.025 particles/m3, 3.000 ± 2.645 particles/L, 0.666 ± 0.577 particles/L and 1.333 ± 1.155 particles/L. The average of microplastic concentrations in sediment sea water pond, sediment mixed water pond and sea sediment samples consecutively are 3.666 ± 0.577 particles/20g, 2.667 ± 1.527 particles/20g, 2.333 ± 0.577 particles/20g and 0.667 ± 1.154 particle/20g. The average of microplastic concentrations in the gut and gills of milkfish in sea ponds and mixed ponds consecutively are 2.333 ± 2.266 particles/fish and 2.222 ± 3.768 particles/fish. The average of microplastic concentrations in milkfish tissues in the sea and mixed water ponds are 1.333 ± 1.000 particles/fish and 1.111 ± 1.167 particles/fish.

Water by Pre-oxidation with Membrane Separation Technique

The purpose of this study is to establish a model to analyze and compare different types of pre-oxidation technologies in shale gas backflow, so as to guide actual production. With the progress of membrane-based processes, membrane separation technique shows great potential in shale gas flowback and produced water (SGFPW) reuse. But membrane fouling due to high concentration of organic matter is still a big problem. Therefore, using integrated process, which combines pre-oxidation with membrane separation, is a good way to deal with membrane fouling. However, there are various kinds of oxidation technologies that can be used into shale gas wastewater treatment, meaning that there needs to be a scheme to guide which technology can do best in different situations. In this paper, the output-output model is used to analyze the pre-oxidation technology. The current pre-oxidation technology is divided into two types, among which the most representative ozonation and Fenton oxidation are selected as examples, and the capital investment in this link is taken as the index for analysis. It is concluded that Fenton oxidation method can be used when the amount of waste water is small, but when the amount of waste water is large, the economic benefit of ozonation is higher. Similarly, this model can be widely applied to the analysis and comparison of a large number of pre-oxidation technologies in shale gas wastewater, and can also be modified as the technology advances.

Bisphenol A degradation by Fenton Advanced Oxidation Process and operation parameters optimization

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a kind of environmental endocrine disrupting substance, which has been used as an organic chemical as unsaturated polyester resin. The degradation of BPA includes biological methods, physical adsorption and chemical oxidation, all which have their own disadvantages. Owing to its strong oxidization capability and stable treatment performance, Fenton process can degrade organic substances at a high reactive rate and stably effective. In this paper, Fenton oxidation method was optimized to remove BPA in water, during which the intermediate products were analysed to examine its degradation path. The optimal conditions of degradation of BPA by Fenton method were a ratio of C (H2O2)/C (Fe2+) of 10, a pH of 3.5, and the degradation rate increased with the increasing of reaction temperature. It was found that Fenton could break the chemical bond at the junction of BPA and isopropyl group to produce p-diphenol, phenol, isopropyl phenol and other intermediate products.

Progress Research on Treatment Methods of Printing and Dyeing Wastewater

With the rapid development of the printing and dyeing industry, the amount of wastewater discharged is also increasing. Printing and dyeing wastewater is recognized as one of the most difficult industrial wastewater treatments due to its complex composition, high content of refractory organic matter, high chroma, high alkalinity and poor biodegradability. This paper mainly reviews the characteristics and effects of the advanced oxidation method (Fenton oxidation method, photocatalytic oxidation method, ozone oxidation method, wet oxidation method, electrochemical oxidation method) for treating printing and dyeing wastewater, a preliminary outlook on the combined use of several methods was also carried out.

Research Development of Fenton Oxidation and Its Combined Technology in Substation Wastewater Treatment

The research progress of Fenton oxidation and its composite technology in substation wastewater treatment is introduced. Study the appropriate conditions for the Fenton oxidation process. The application prospect of Fenton oxidation method in substation wastewater treatment is discussed. The development trend of Fenton oxidation combination technology in substation sewage treatment.

Removal of Colour and Chemical Oxygen Demand from Textile Effluent by Fenton Oxidation Method

Removal of Colour and Chemical Oxygen Demand from Textile Effluent by Fenton Oxidation Method

Low cost Fenton's oxidative degradation of 4-nitroaniline using iron from laterite

The present study aims to establish the use of iron (Fe) from larerite in the case of Fenton's oxidation process which is a simple and cost-effective method for degradation of nitro compounds in effluents and in surface or ground water. 4-nitroaniline (4-NA) degradation by Fenton's oxidation method is the subject of the present study so as to optimize pH, hydrogen peroxide/iron (H/F) ratio at different initial concentrations of 4-NA. The optimum pH obtained was 3. The present study has also established optimum H/F ratio for the different initial concentrations of 4-NA for both conventional and use of Fe from laterite. The maximum removal efficiency of 99.84% was obtained for an H/F ratio of 100 for 0.5 mM initial concentration of 4-NA. The study establishes the use of Fe extracted from locally available laterite soil (LS) as a replacement of Fe salts so as to reduce the cost of the process.

Advanced treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater with combined micro-electrolysis, Fenton oxidation, and coagulation sedimentation method

Due to the inability of biochemical processes to remove refractory organic compounds from wastewater in pharmaceutical industrial parks, this research tried to find a new way to meet the requirement of the Discharge Standard in China. A combined process involving micro-electrolysis, Fenton oxidation, and coagulation was studied. Considering the removal efficiencies and operation costs, the reaction conditions were optimized. The COD concentration in the effluent after the combined treatment was less than the standard limit of 50 mg/L. Molecular weight distribution of organic compounds in wastewater was analyzed by sequential filtration and ultrafiltration. When treated by the combined process, the particulate fraction (particle size > 1,000 nm) decreased, and the soluble portion (particle size < 1 nm) increased significantly. Composition of the refractory organics was investigated using GC–MS. A total of 34 types of low-molecular-weight organics were identified in the effluent, among which phthalates, amides, heterocyclic compounds, and PAHs were the main organic pollutants. All these results show that the proposed method is promising for refractory wastewater because it is efficient and easy to operate.

선로 내 소규모 유류오염도상자갈 정화를 위한 펜톤산화법의 적용성 연구

선로 내 소규모 유류오염도상자갈 정화를 위한 펜톤산화법의 적용성 연구