Fentanyl For Chronic Pain Research Articles

FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF TOLBUTAMIDE

The Skin is one of the most extensive organs of the human body. This multilayered organ receives approximately one-third of all blood circulating through body. With a thickness of about a millimeter, the skin separates the underlying blood circulation network from the outside environment1.
 Transdermal delivery of drugs through the skin to the systemic circulation provides a convenient route of administration for a variety of clinical indications. Transdermal delivery systems are currently available containing scopolamine (hyoscine) for motion sickness, clonidine and nitroglycerin for cardiovascular disease, fentanyl for chronic pain, nicotine to aid smoking cessation2.
 Drug molecules in contact with the skin surface can penetrate by three potential pathways: through the sweat ducts, via the hair follicles and sebaceous glands (collectively called the shunt or appendageal route), or directly across the stratum corneum3.
 
 All transdermal drug delivery systems consist mainly of:
 
 Polymer matrix
 Drug
 Enhancers and other excipients
 
 Other excipient

A Review of Intrathecal Fentanyl and Sufentanil for the Treatment of Chronic Pain

Intrathecal infusion of morphine using implantable pumps is an accepted practice for long-term management of chronic pain. Despite clinical benefit, development of tolerance and side-effects associated with intrathecal morphine has prompted investigators to explore alternative opioids such as the potent anilinopiperidine analogs, fentanyl, and sufentanil. Relevant preclinical and clinical literature from the MEDLINE database was used primarily for this review. In vitro, both compounds are stable in solution, but studies have not been conducted using implantable pumps under simulated use conditions (e.g., long-term stability at body temperature). Preclinical studies of limited duration have demonstrated efficacy, but safety-toxicology studies have been limited to intermittent boluses of sufentanil only. Few clinical reports on the use of intrathecal sufentanil or fentanyl for chronic pain are available. Although results confirm potency and efficacy with intrathecal administration, further studies are needed to support the long-term use of either opioid in chronic pain management.

Pain Control: Transdermal Fentanyl for Chronic Pain

Pain Control: Transdermal Fentanyl for Chronic Pain

Transdermal Fentanyl For Chronic Pain

Transdermal Fentanyl For Chronic Pain