Plants serve as the core elements of nature reserves as well as the fundamental resources for preserving ecosystem functions, including biodiversity. In this paper, using the findings from field surveys of plants in 2021 and 2022, we compiled a dataset of the plant species list for four typical nature reserves (i.e. Nanyuan Forest and Wetland Park, Lüdi Park, Lotus Pond Park, and Beigong National Forest Park) in Fengtai District, Beijing. This dataset includes 255 species of 179 genera across 73 families of tree, shrub, and herbaceous plant species. In addition, the dataset contains information such as the nature reserve name, family Chinese name, scientific name, genus Chinese name, genus scientific name, plant species name, and Latin name, etc. Also a multi-source based flora database was integrated with literature and expert reviews to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the data. Through comprehensive mapping and monitoring of plant species in key nature reserves in Fengtai District, the dataset provides data support for research on the spatial and temporal patterns of biodiversity as well as the response of plants to natural and anthropogenic disturbances in Beijing.