Aspects Of Liberalism Research Articles

Looking beyond women’s feminist thought in history

ABSTRACT Historians of political thought have done important and insightful work on women’s history of political thought. This scholarship has proliferated since the mid to late twentieth century and has focused largely on the feminist aspects of their thought. Although this was at first a necessary and crucial correction of prior neglect, I argue that by now this has turned into an overcorrection. By turning to the early reception and rediscovery of two eighteenth-century English female political thinkers, Mary Astell (1666–1731) and Catharine Macaulay (1731–1791), I show that this feminist focus can stand in the way of inclusion by obscuring other important aspects of women’s political thought. I also contend that the feminist focus implies an unfair double standard where women – as opposed to canonical men – are thought of as worthy of inclusion only if they espoused or anticipated ideas that would seem agreeable from a present perspective. This leads to the paradoxical conclusion that, if we want to do justice to the feminist aim of comprehensive inclusion of past female thinkers, we must learn to look beyond women’s feminist thought in history and to embrace their afeminist and even anti-feminist thought.

Entangled contestations: transnational dynamics of contesting liberal citizenship in South Asia

ABSTRACT This paper investigates contemporary transformations of citizenship in India, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar in their historical trajectories. More specifically, we focus on the contestation of liberal aspects of the respective citizenship regimes, in particular principles of non-discrimination on the basis of caste, race, gender, religion, or ethnic belonging as well as a high degree of legal certainty about one’s citizenship status. We advance two central arguments. Firstly, we argue that while often studied in isolation, the processes by which liberal citizenship is contested across the three countries bear remarkable similarities. We therefore develop a transnational comparative perspective to highlight the legal mechanisms and social logics by which citizenship regimes across the region are being transformed. Secondly, we argue that to capture these transformations, we need to complement the analyses of legislative changes with an investigation of socio-legal practices. This dual focus reveals how the interplay between seemingly innocent legislative changes and particular bureaucratic practices across all three countries produces zones of liminality, in which entire population groups experience increasingly precarious citizenship status. We theorise this production of liminal citizenship by focusing on the social lives of official documents and the proliferation of rules and regulations governing the respective citizenship regimes.

Public Administration Developments in Australia: Lessons an NPM Leader Might Draw from NWS

Australian public administration has undergone dramatic change over the last 50 years through a long sequence of incremental, pragmatic reforms. Australia was a leader of New Public Management in the 1980s and 1990s, subsequently incorporating New Public Governance measures of collaboration and networking. While some critics describe the transformation as ‘neo-liberalism’, the article favours the more neutral term, ‘managerialism’, recognising its liberal aspects but challenging claims of rolling back the role of the state. Reflecting on the overall shift today, the author concludes that the measures were not wrong but were taken too far, and important balances were lost. Looking to the future, the article calls for a major correction including reinvestment in the state, not necessarily as far as adoption of Pollitt and Bouckaert’s Neo-Weberian State but drawing important lessons from that paradigm.

A Comparison of Women's Image in Women's Films in Chinese and Western Cultures from a Female Perspective --Carol and Woman-Demon-Human

In the different cultural backgrounds of China and the West, the trend of feminism and related films is different. The image of women is an important part of Chinese and Western culture and a special product of the times, which is extremely important for the understanding of female subjects and social development. Based on the films Woman-Demon-Human and Carol, this paper aims to explore the survival status of women and the manifestation of feminist awakening in different times from the aspects of feminism, self-consciousness, and gender differences, to show the dilemmas and struggles faced by women in modern China and the West, as well as the impact of gender manifestation on women. Women who can break through the inherent pattern, get rid of the fate of the male gaze, and have independent subjective consciousness are particularly valuable. The American movie Carol, with Carol and Therese as the main characters, tells the story of women with different personalities who have found themselves in life and have the courage to resist the pressure of the world and the oppression of patriarchal society. Woman-Demon-Human, directed by Huang Shuqin, tells the story of Qiuyun, who is obsessed with the art of opera, plays a male role, and dedicates her life to the stage. These two films portray the image of a true woman who can be autonomous and self-controlled, and deserve to be compared and analyzed in detail in terms of feminist awakening.

Humanization and Transcendence Aspects in Kuntowijoyo’s Short Story Collection Persekongkolan Ahli Makrifat (The Conspiracy of Makrifat Experts)

In the study of prophetic literature, there are three important aspects, namely aspects of humanization, liberation, and transcendence that appear in literary works. These three aspects, which are the pillars of prophetic values, are found in most of the works of Kuntowijoyo, a Muslim scholar, historian, and writer who is also the initiator of prophetic literature. This research focuses on the humanization and transcendence aspects in a collection of short stories Persekongkolan Ahli Makrifat by Kuntowijoyo. The research uses a qualitative method with descriptive analysis. The data analysed and described by the content of the prophetic aspects that become the focus of this research. The data were collected by recording sentences from some of the short stories in the short story collection book Persekongkolan Ahli Makrifat. The Data analysed and interpreted based on Kuntowijoyo's prophetic literary theory. This research found that in the short story collection Persekongkolan Ahli Makrifat, there are two prophetic aspects that have powerful messages. These aspects represent a prophetic message about the importance of realizing the balance between divine consciousness and human consciousness in life.

Unnatural World—the Study of Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five from the Perspective of Unnatural Narrative

As one of the most outstanding contemporary novelists, Doris Lessing, a famous British female writer, won the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature. Doris Lessing’s new work Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five has been studied at home and abroad mainly in the aspects of feminism and Sufism in the work. Based on the unnatural narrative theory of post-classical narratologists Jan Albert and Brian Richardson, this paper analyzes the unnatural narrative factors in the stories from three aspects: unnatural space, unnatural role and unnatural behavior. The unnatural of the novel is to prove the unnatural nature of the world in the novel from three aspects: impossible story space, story role and characters’ behavior, and analyze the author's intention behind these unnatural factors -- the world is an interconnected whole, and the progress of human civilization requires people of all countries to be open-minded, inclusive, communicate with each other and learn from each other, in order to jointly promote the overall progress and prosperity of world civilization.

Highlighting the Aspects of Women Emancipation and Liberation in Ibsen’s The Dolls House and Hedda Gabler: A Comparative Feministic Approach

This research paper aims to investigate the aspects of women liberation and emancipation in Ibsen’s The Dolls House and Hedda Gabler. The Dolls House largely addresses a woman's yearning to forge her individuality and dignity in a world run by men. Review section illustrates the critical comments and reviews of notable literary authors and critics. Feministic and especially a radical feministic approach in The Dolls House and Hedda Gabler by Ibsen illustrates three goals in mind; Nora’s patriarchal struggles with the patriarchal world. To examine the types of conflict Hedda Gabler engaged in when battling over patriarchal worldview and to examine the types of challenges Hedda Gabler had in her battle with the ideology. However, the study uses content analysis to conduct a qualitative investigation with the help of textual references. Finally, the research concludes that Ibsen's unorthodox portrayal of women in one of his most notable social tragedies; The Dolls House & Gabler.

East-Central Europe: The Young and The Far-Right

Abstract: Scholars are increasingly concerned that youth political apathy is a risk to liberal democracy. The issue of youth apathy is particularly pronounced in East-Central Europe—a region that has recently experienced sharp democratic decline. Across the EU member states of East-Central Europe, the share of youth that report complete disinterest in politics has doubled in the last decade. This is not an artifact of youth dissatisfaction with their nation's democracy. Rather, it is explained by ideological cross-pressures. East-Central Europe's apathetic youth hold a unique set of values that do not map onto party platforms. Unlike older generations, they are profoundly pro-EU and embrace certain aspects of liberalism, including gay rights. They are also significantly less religious. However, they are increasingly unfriendly toward immigration and multiculturalism. Compared to their politically engaged peers, East-Central Europe's apathetic youth also value democratic governance less. If they were to be politically mobilized, there is little reason to believe they would stabilize liberal democracy.

"Prayer is Universal": How Integrative Faith Practices Enable Indigenous Peoples' Persistence and Resistance to Transcend Historical Oppression.

Indigenous faith practices have enabled persistence, resistance, and transcendence despite centuries of settler colonial historical oppression. Spirituality, ceremony, and religious practices are fundamental aspects of Indigenous wellness, resilience, and liberation from a colonial mindset. The purpose of this research was understand U.S. Indigenous peoples' perspectives of spirituality and religion from the settler colonial framework of historical oppression, resilience, and transcendence (FHORT) as it relates to wellness. Data from critical ethnographic interviews with 31 participants from rural reservation communities in the Southeast and an urban Northwest environment were analyzed using reconstructive thematic qualitative analysis. Themes include: (a) "You'd be persecuted … for your beliefs": Historical Oppression of Indigenous beliefs; (b) "I was always told that church was wherever you were": Integrative faith practices and (c) "No matter how hard times get … never forget to pray": Prayer through adversity. Results clarified how settler colonial power differentials tended to relegate Indigenous spiritual and faith practices to a lower status than Western European religions, namely Christianity. Participants resisted this oppression by ingeniously integrating tribal and Western European faith practices to promote wellness. This article provides pathways to prevent clinical bias and harm by expanding awareness and familiarity with localized and heterogenous faith practices among Indigenous communities. Practitioners can honor Indigenous peoples' preferences, acknowledge Indigenous faith practices as central for wellness, and become reflexive about how an internalized settler colonial mindset may cause bias and perpetuate historical oppression by delegitimizing Indigenous worldviews and faith practices.

O FUNDAMENTALISMO RELIGIOSO E SUA APROXIMAÇÃO DO MONOTEÍSMO

This research seeks tounderstand the approximation of fundamentalism to monotheism. Fundamentalism emerged as a rescue of the Christian tradition in themidst of sociocultural transformations. The modernity arising from the Enlightenment cause das plitw it hin fundamentalists that convergedin the formation of two theologicals trands. A liberal aspect that was associated with the humanists and the social sciences, becoming a liberal theology.Theo thers trandremained linked to conservatism and traditions of the early church. Fundamentalism lost its way when itcame across a cyclical society that was moving forward by leaps and bounds. This provoked severe and critical reactions to modern society. The advances led to the emergence of a media Pentecostalism that led fundamentalism to bankruptcy. In the Arab spring, the expansion of Islamism brought fundamentalism to the fore, but in an extremistway.This extremism revealed to the world all the violence and persecution of people and nations that to ok place as apreservation of Moral sand the defense of the name of God.

THE SUBALTERN AND FEMINIST VOICES IN INDIRA GOSWAMI’S SHORT STORY “SANSKAAR’’

The events in "Sanskaar" by Indira Goswami take place in Pitambor's rural environment, creating a tapestry of hardships, disputes, and unexpected salvation. This journal explores the complexities of caste, gender, and cultural standards in an effort to dig into the subaltern and feminist aspects present in the story. While Pitambor struggles with his personal issues, the narrative reveals Damayanti's strength as a widow defying social norms. This diary seeks to highlight the feminist undertones that influence the characters' fates and unearth the subaltern voices inside the story through a close examination of their interactions.

Propaganda aspects of cultural liberalization in the conflict between the Western and Communist systems

The author examines the processes of transformation of Western culture during the conflict between the West and the East (1949-1989); the determinism of these changes and neoliberal economic transformations that began in 1970s. The subject of the research is the technology of using cultural phenomena and scientific research in order to promote the ideology of globalism. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the genesis and development of the cultural transformation of Western society, the connection with the neoliberal economic paradigm of the Chicago School of Economics and the transition of power in Western countries to a new generation of globalist politicians. The material under study is reports of the Trilateral Commission, the Club of Rome, the IMF, Senate commissions, and the laws. The analysis of factual material is carried out by descriptive, analytical historical, systematic, comparative methods using abstracts and quotations from scientific literature. The scientific novelty of this article is to identify a new vision of the determinism of the stages of globalization: the cultural liberalization of Western society in the 1960s and 1970s, the neoliberal economic revolution of the 1970s and 2000s and the modern stage of globalization and the green agenda. The mechanisms of cultural liberalization, including three parallel youth revolutions in Anglo-Saxon countries, are shown, and the consequences of these revolutions, including the new values of the Western post-war generation, are analyzed. For the first time, the analysis of the report of the Club of Rome "The First Global Revolution" was carried out, new aspects of the ideological conflict between the communist and Western systems were identified and proposed for discussion. The data obtained are used to analyze the post-cold war: the unipolarity of the 1990s-2000s and the reverse process of regionalization that began in 2010s.

Designing Competition Clauses in Preferential Trade Agreements

AbstractCompetition policy is one important aspect of trade liberalization. However, when examining preferential trade agreements (PTAs), a major type of policy tools to liberalize trade, competition provisions are revealed not to be uniformly distributed across these treaties. What explains the variation in the design of competition clauses in PTAs? Borrowing insights from the rational design of international institutions and combining them with those from treaty ratification and policy diffusion literatures, I identify five major causal mechanisms through which competition provisions are incorporated into PTAs. In evaluating them, I employ a range of operationalization techniques to capture the proposed mechanisms. A treaty-level analysis of 319 PTAs over the period 1960–2015 lends strong and robust support to most of the hypothesized relationships. By integrating theoretical frameworks across international political economy literatures with that from law and economics scholarship, this study demonstrates the utility of political science thinking to the real-world international law-making.

The Weight of the Paternal: Authorship and Gustave Flaubert’s Legacy in Elena Ferrante’s The Lying Life of Adults

ABSTRACT This essay discusses the metanarrative aspect of Elena Ferrante’s La vita bugiarda degli adulti (2019, The Lying Life of Adults 2020) as it relates to the legacy of fathers and at least one literary father, Gustave Flaubert as the author of Madame Bovary. The paternal in Ferrante’s novels is not an aspect that critical literature normally takes into consideration, given the themes in her work. However, an analysis of Ferrante’s appropriations of the language of great male literary figures will demonstrate that language enhances an understanding of her work’s feminist aspect. To unravel Ferrante’s self-reflexive literary discourse, I take into consideration three aspects outlined in the opening of the novel: 1) the traumatic experience with which the story begins; 2) the programmatic and fictionalized separation of the authorial aspect of storytelling from the narrating voice and the narrated experience; and 3) the significance of Naples’ ‘fixed’ spaces. These aspects channel Ferrante’s discourse about an authorial coming-of-age that sees the writer successfully re-elaborating the traumatic experience she identifies as her first reckoning with herself as a reader and writer: the reading of Madame Bovary. The traumatic roots of this metanarrative discourse can be found in Frantumaglia.

Zionism and Political Theology

ABSTRACT This paper is an attempt to identify what is unique about the political theology of Zionism. It also explores what the consequences of this uniqueness might be, particularly with regard to future decolonization projects of Israel-Palestine. Dealing with the case of Zionism and Israel is interesting because it allows us – in fact, it forces us – to ask questions about the nature of modernity, liberalism, secularism, colonialism and nationalism writ large. Zionism itself combines many aspects of modern Europe, including nationalism, colonialism, religion, liberalism, and socialism; this raises the question of whether we can offer a critique of Zionism that is not also a critique of the modern Europe that invented all of these categories and practices. All these issues raise the question of how we are to judge Zionism. Can we offer a critique of Zionism that is not at the same time a critique of Europe?

Accommodation of Feminism in J. P Clark’s Wives Revolt

Feminism has become a major topic of discussion and research in African drama over the years. Playwrights as well as critics have written numerous works on different aspects of feminism in Africa, including J. P. Clark’s Wives Revolt. But the burden of the African feminist ideology and the different ways it is reflected in the African feminist dramatic texts (the different dimensions of feminism) have not gotten the needed critical attention. This caught the attention of the current study. The study used a literary qualitative and analytical approach, with the primary play text chosen for the study being critically analysed using feminism as the guiding theory. The study concludes that all of the play chosen for the study is feminist text because it deals with the burden of the woman. Beyond this portrayal, the play deals with the place of women and their responses in different ways, thereby attending to the different strands of feminism. The study concludes that the only way to wholly appreciate this play is by connecting the various strands of feminism in their appreciation.

Female Liberation in John Fowles’ The French Lieutenant's Woman

The researchers intend to analyze John Fowles’ The French Lieutenant's Woman to depict how the female protagonists reject the notion of being eunuchs and experience liberation and revolution within the social context. To carry out this study, the researchers analyze the female characters. This masterpiece revolves around the notions of love and sexuality. The French Lieutenant's Woman has been analyzed from different aspects of feminism. However, in this research, the purpose is to depict how Victorian women are able to break the phallocentric discourse by negating sexual differences and becoming eunuch subjects. The beginning of the novel shows Charles’ engagement with Ernestina mostly based on the social doctrines of the Victorian era. In fact, there is no love between them and what binds them together is social expectation. Ernestina is the symbol of a woman who desires to be a female eunuch and obey the principles of the nuclear family. On the other hand, Sarah is a rebellious character who selects love over the social doctrines of Victorian society. The present research is conducted based on Luce Irigaray and Germaine Greer's theories in which the role of Victorian women is analyzed.

Potret Perempuan pada Film Cinderella (2015) dan Cinderella (2021): Sebuah Kajian Sastra Bandingan

Cinderella is a well-known literature which tells the story of a girl who suffers from living with her mother and stepsisters, then finds love and happiness by meeting the prince. This romance story filled with magic, loved by various groups, and thanks to its popularity, this story has been adapted several times for the big screen. Each story adaptation certainly has differences. This also applies to the film "Cinderella" which was released in 2015 with the latest "Cinderella" film released in 2021. The biggest difference appears in the aspect of gender, especially regarding how women are portrayed in the two films. After doing a comparison, it was found that the film “Cinderella (2021)” contains many feminist aspects that were not shown in the previous films. Among them is the main character Ella who dares to do business in a social group that looks down on women, as well as the character Gwen, a princess who replaces the prince to become the successor to the royal throne. This, of course influenced by the mindset development of society in the current modern era where gender equality is upheld.

Analisis Implementasi Model Kepemimpinan Profetik Di Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah (Studi Kasus Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang)

Background - The concept of the Islamic leadership model cannot be separated from the leadership that has been carried out by the Prophets and Messengers of Allah SWT. This leadership model is often referred to as prophetic leadership. Muhammadiyah University Semarang (Unimus) is one of the Muhammadiyah Colleges based on Islamic education that has experienced very rapid progress. This is related to the leadership factor.
 Aim - Knowing the views and implementation of the prophetic leadership model at the Muhammadiyah University of Semarang
 Design / methodology / approach - Field research (field research) with qualitative methods. Collecting data with literature study, interviews, observation and documentation. As for data analysis with reduction, presentation and withdrawal of data conclusions with validity techniques using data triangulation.
 Finding - Unimus leadership in carrying out university development programs, one of which is the midnight prayer movement for the academic community. This program is believed to be an inner and outer endeavor. The view of prophetic leadership is in line with the application of the principles of Good University Governance (GUG), namely Shidiq (Honest), Amanah (Accountable), Tabligh (Transparency) and Fathonah (visionary). the principle of The Right Man in The Right Place. Aspects of liberation regarding work and applying the principles of asah, compassion and care and aspects of transcendence regarding worship activities (Islamic spirit) in Unimus
 Conclusion - The views and implementation of prophetic leadership have been carried out well within the Unimus academic community. The implementation of 3 aspects, namely the aspects of humanization, liberation and transcendence are defined as work, work and worship.
 Research Implications - This research is an overview of prophetic leadership that has been carried out and can be used as a reference in the development of other tertiary institutions.
 Limitations - The scope of this research is still limited to Unimus where the number of PTM/A in Indonesia is 172 and it is still qualitative in nature so it needs to be on a larger scale and in the form of quantitative research.

Trade liberalization, wilful credit defaults and bank bribery in a credit‐constrained economy

AbstractThe rising incidence of credit defaults may cause credit crunch. This affects the ability of firms to finance working capital and also fixed capital formation. Naturally, this is a major macroeconomic shock. This paper is an attempt to address the microeconomic foundation of such macroeconomic shock. We provide a theoretical framework to explain the economic rationale behind ‘wilful corporate defaults’ and ‘financial corruption’ in the specific context of trade liberalization. First, we model the behavioural aspects of wilful corporate defaulters and bank officials to determine the bank bribe rate as an outcome of the Nash bargaining process in a two‐stage sequential move game. Based on the results of the partial equilibrium framework, we examine aspects of trade liberalization in an otherwise 2 × 2 general equilibrium framework. We also compare the efficacy of punishment strategies to economic incentives to deter credit defaults and banking sector corruption. Methodologically, our analytical model integrates finance capital distinctly from physical capital in Jonesian general equilibrium framework. Interestingly, our findings indicate that there exists a trade‐off at equilibrium between curbing credit defaults and bribery. We also find that not all punishment strategies are equally effective at deterring credit defaults if general equilibrium interlinkage effects are carefully dealt with.