Feminine Soul Research Articles

On Equality and Irreducibility of Female to Male in Safedian Forms of Kabbalah

Abstract In kabbalistic writings equality between the male and female divine entities recurs in dozens of instances and this is also the case in Safedian forms of Kabbalah. However, there is an additional theme to equality, that is shared by the two main and extensive literary corpora, that of Moses Cordovero and the much later texts of his former disciple, that of R. Hayyim Vital: the irreducibility of the female principle to the male one during the sexual encounter. The present study explores the passages reflecting the details of this similarity, as well as the theurgical impact of the feminine soul, in the wider context of the relationship between some important ideas shared by those distinct kabbalistic writings.

The feminine psyche and sexual liberation: A study of Anaïs Nin’s diaries and erotic fiction

The feminine psyche and sexual liberation: A study of Anaïs Nin’s diaries and erotic fiction

A Critical Study on Women's Language in Indian English Drama

The function of language is associated with the verbal code. It becomes important when the verbal code itself becomes the central theme of a dialogue. Language has a key position in drama as it is, like in real life, the most important means of communication on stage. It has to be regarded as the one basic feature of drama that is related to both the dramatic characters and the action. Language in drama is represented as spoken language or, in other words, as speech. Dramatic utterances are poly functional: they can have several functions at the same time, both in the internal and the external communication system. The present paper aims to show women 's language used by both male and female playwrights and the essential rebellious spirit against the male chauvinism and talked of women's emancipation, individuality, and their socio -economic and political equality in present day society. Women performed in the earlier phase very happily to the script written by male playwrights. Though many male playwrights talked about women's issues, their presentation lacked the authentic ring of women's emotions and feelings.The women playwrights who are remembered for their remarkable contribution are Deena Mehta, Manjula Padmanabhan, Polie Sengupta whose texts have been discussed here. They have introduced new subjects affecting the feminine psyche using their language and technique.

The Medial and the Mother: A Complex Relationship between Archetypes

Toni Wolff posited her theory of the “Structural Forms of the Feminine Psyche” in the mid-20th century. In this work she named four feminine archetypes: mother, hetaira, amazon, and medial. While there are interrelationships between each archetype, here I explore only the medial archetype as it relates to the mother archetype. The process of discovery involved deep, lengthy interviews with medial women. The feminine medial archetype is the least recognized in contemporary Western culture, and there are few roles in which a medial woman may express the power of this archetype. In fact, most medial women have never heard this term used to describe them. Many medial women consciously or unconsciously hide their true nature underground or move to the edges of society to protect this innate quality. Others occupy roles that don’t fit who they truly are, in which case the woman experiences an internal restlessness, tension, or despair. In my studies of the medial archetype, I interviewed many medial women on different aspects of their experience. All indicated they had an uneasy or complicated relationship with the mother archetype and also with the mother role. I shall explore some of what this has been for them, as well as why it may be so common. Finally, I invite a glimpse into the courtroom at the trial of the man who raped my daughter as an illustration of how my own mother and medial energies interacted.

Hebrew Gothic: History and the Poetics of Persecution

Hebrew Gothic: History and the Poetics of Persecution

Valluvar Ullam Displays Graceful Subject Matter

The crown jewel of moral literature is the world-famous Thirukkurala. In any other language in the world, it is very rare that such special life values, morals, cultural elements, social thoughts, humanity, administrative behavior, family virtues, self-respect, sense of self, etc. are all told in one work. Valluvar Ullam is a great book that extols the glory of Thirukkural. The speech delivered by K. P. Viswanatham at the Tamil Thirunal meeting at Ponmalai Thirukkural Kazhagam, Tiruchirappalli, has been published as a book by Thirukkural Faculty, Chennai. In this book, Valluvar's souls are shown from various angles. Through this book, one can feel the depth and meaning of each of the Thirukkurals. The nationalized book, every heart of Valluvar and is revealed in every Kuratpa. Quoting Kuratpa from Thirukkural in every soul and explaining it is enjoyable to read and enjoy. Soul of Country, Soul of Life, Walking Soul, Saint, Moral Soul, Loving Soul, Graceful Soul, Compassionate Soul, Kingly Soul, Beggar Soul, Feasting, Loyalty, Adulterous Soul, Drunkard Soul, Love Soul, Hostile Soul, Friendly, Amazed Valluvar anthams can be classified into four types, which are the soul, evil soul, research soul, people soul, masculine soul, feminine soul, poverty soul, and disease soul. 1. Individual dependent 2. Social dependent 3.Negative dependent 4.Public dependent. In this article, Valluvar is going to talk about the materialism of individualism.

From mandarin to mendicant: violence and transgender bodies in urban Pakistan

Transgender bodies very effectively undermine social norms of gender binaries. We use a case study of transgender people in the twin cities of Rawalpindi/Islamabad in Pakistan to understand how social violence, middle class morality and relations to the state are embodied in transgender bodies. While in pre-colonial times the transgender people in South Asia were mandarins of the empire, during colonial and post-colonial times they have been reduced to the role of mendicants. We find that the research participants’ notions of a transgender identity are contradictory, in that they draw upon the idea of a feminine soul in a male body, but simultaneously they also consider it a constant process of becoming through deed. In urban Pakistan, it is through violent encounters with transgender bodies that toxic masculinities are relationally enacted. We argue, however, that transgender bodies also hold an emancipatory promise to bodies imprisoned in toxic masculinity.

Gender inversion in the ‘critique of a critic’. Zinaida Gippius on Korney Chukovsky

Examined in the article is an obscure feuilleton called ‘An immature critic’ [‘Nevzrosliy kritik’] (1914), penned by Anton Krayniy (Z. Gippius) with Korney Chukovsky in mind. The article sets out to identify the role of gender inversion in the feuilleton’s intended purpose and unique genre characteristics. Having analysed the semantics of two variants of the title and subtitle (‘A study in inverted commas’ [‘Etyud v kavychkakh’]), critical techniques and quotation strategies, the scholar finds that Gippius’ metacritical piece is a spoof. A female critic (in a male disguise) expounds on the ‘feminine soul’ of a male critic, employing his own techniques and making a witty use of a female stereotype according to Weininger (‘a prostitute’). It appears that the feuilleton’s initial title implied not just an individual characteristic of Chukovsky’s, but ‘journalistic prostitution’ in general and critical feuilletons in particular — a genre practised by Gippius as well. The final choice of the title stresses the distinction of Krayniy’s journalistic (‘masculine’) criticism from the aesthetic (‘feminine,’ ‘immature’) criticism espoused by Chukovsky.

Reversing the Gaze: Subversion and Re-interpretation of Mythical Stereotypes in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s The Palace of Illusions

Epics are indeed an indelible part of our existence carrying us into the timeless history where reality and fantasy blends into a harmonious whole. A diasporic women writer re-creating myth and folklore in a contemporary context and re-telling a popular epic Mahabharata from Draupadi’s perspective is monumental and extraordinary. There have been sudden inclinations on part of the contemporary writers to re-interpret the epics in a new light highlighting the women characters who have been otherwise neglected in the original story as tangible subjects. Usually, epic narratives portray women on an ideological viewpoint; women being embodiments of perseverance and forbearance, mute spectators of misery and injustice perpetrated on them. But Divakaruni re-created the women characters by assigning them a voice of their own so that they become strong enough to express their choices and by living their own bodies vis-à-vis lives. The mystifying feminine psyche of the mythical women characters is unfolded before the readers and many unknown crevices of the inner mind are laid bare. These impressions and explorations of the epic characters were actually a hidden trope for self-discovery and articulation. The Palace of Illusions is a re-creation of the illusionary, magical world of Draupadi and her dream destination and how this world gets shattered in front of her eyes is not only literal but metaphorical in course of the novel. In an attempt to re-work the epic, the contemporary women writers deviate from the usual phallocentric thrust of the epic and make Draupadi the hero of the novel; subverting the stereo-typed gendered version of an epic. Divakaruni’s fiction strives to subvert the gendered binaries looking at the epic and its magnificent characters and events through Panchaali’s gaze. Thus, the Western model of the male gaze is repudiated and the female gaze is celebrated in an altogether new form. Is the story of Mahabharata a familial clash between fraternity or a woman’s personal desire and Panchaali’s revenge which drenched the country and its inhabitants in the blood is the question that is left open-ended for the readers who revisits Mahabharata through the eyes of Draupadi vis-a-vis Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni.

Blue Mountain and Blue Roses: An Exploration of the Feminine Psyche in Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams, the remarkably outstanding American dramatist of the 1920s, through his plays, presents a marked concern for the identity crisis a woman faces. He projects the crisis arising out of the conflict between a woman’s own aspirations and the traditional role expectations. The Glass Menagerie (1945) depicts the life of two women- Amanda Wingfield and her daughter Laura Wingfield. Amanda is the typical Southern belle that suffered a reversal of economic and social fortune, who withdraws from reality into fantasy. Her daughter Laura, the physically and emotionally crippled heroine of the play is a self-less character who does not speak as much of others. She is extra-ordinarily sensitive and delicate; and her cripple isolates herself into her own illusory world with her own glass menagerie. This paper is an attempt to close study the women protagonists in this play and to reveal that they are a combination of a particular personality type. Williams seems to be interested in the personal and psychological aspects of his women. This paper tries to analyse the psyche of these women and prove that they seem to be more complex and complicated than portrayed in the work.

A simbologia do câncer de mama

Este artigo teve como objetivos compreender, por meio de uma leitura simbólica, os processos psíquicos que ocorrem com as mulheres acometidas pelo câncer de mama, assim como analisar as tendências de comportamento que se evidenciam na maneira como elas lidam com a questão do corpo diante desse tipo de câncer, que afeta diretamente a relação com a autoimagem. Foram realizadas nove entrevistas semiestruturadas com mulheres que ou estavam em fase de tratamento ou já haviam terminado o processo. Para ampliação dos dados obtidos, posteriormente à entrevista, foi aplicado um questionário likert chamado “Roda das deusas”. Os resultados analisados à luz da psicologia analítica mostraram que muitas mulheres relacionam o seu câncer com algum tipo de fator emocional. No que se refere à simbologia, uma leitura da análise comparada com a mitoanálise mostrou a maior pontuação das deusas Ártemis e Deméter, ambas ligadas a características de doação e de proteção do outro, deixando o cuidado com elas mesmas em segundo plano. Para futuras pesquisas na área, é importante destacar que a mitoanálise foi a vertente arquetípica utilizada, mas que esta não exclui, por exemplo, a compreensão da psicodinâmica ou questões de ordem psicossocial. Como aqui o entendimento da psique feminina foi utilizado dessa forma, o profissional que trabalhar com esse público tem um campo significativo de atuação, sendo esse conhecimento uma contribuição para uma maior compreensão sobre a dinâmica psicológica que cada mulher apresenta.

A experiência amorosa como rito de passagem dentro do processo de individuação feminino

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo refletir sobre a experiência amorosa tal como ela é vivida pelas mulheres, ressaltando essa trajetória como um processo único e de grande importância no desenvolvimento da psique feminina. A escolha por analisar especificamente a experiência amorosa feminina partiu do pressuposto de que ela se dá de forma diferente daquela do desenvolvimento masculino. Na mulher, o amor configura-se como um rito iniciático que a coloca na jornada da individuação, já o homem, no decorrer de seu desenvolvimento, depara-se com outras formas de iniciação. A pesquisa aqui desenvolvida investigou de que forma a experiência amorosa serve como rito de passagem para o caminho de individuação feminino, explorando mais precisamente o sofrimento enquanto marca principal desse rito de passagem. A partir do mito de Eros e Psiquê, analisou-se o caminho percorrido pela mulher na descoberta de si mesma, considerando o sofrimento experimentado no decorrer do processo como necessário e facilitador do encontro com o animus, o que, consequentemente, contribui para o processo de tomada de consciência e para a busca autônoma da individuação feminina.

As deusas celtas e a jornada simbólica da alma feminina

Este artigo visa a apresentar uma análise arquetípica dos mitos de cinco deusas da mitologia celta, que refletem aspectos simbólicos e profundos da alma feminina, contribuindo dessa forma com o processo terapêutico e de individuação das mulheres. As antigas histórias míticas, permeadas de símbolos, ressoam por milênios nas culturas humanas, no imaginário e no folclore. Observa-se nos antigos mitos celtas um vasto e profundo material simbólico sobre a psique humana. Ao contrário da mitologia greco-romana, que é bastante divulgada e foco de amplas pesquisas, a mitologia celta ainda é pouco investigada. Assim, este artigo intenta contribuir com os estudos sobre a mitologia celta, no campo da psicologia analítica, tecendo diálogos com as ciências das religiões e a fenomenologia. Para tanto, foram analisadas cinco deusas celtas: Danann, Brighid, Macha, Cailleach e Cerridwen. A abordagem do trabalho foi qualitativa e fenomenológica, com pesquisa bibliográfica, pautando-se nos estudos de C. G. Jung, Jacobi, Mircea Eliade, Clarissa P. Estés e outros.

Women Predicament in 'A Journey on Bare Feet' by Dalip Kaur Tiwana

The autobiographical impulse and act is central to woman's writing in India. The range of Indian women's writing generates an unending discourse on personalities, woman's emotions and ways of life. In a way, it presents the socio-cultural state in India from a woman's stance. It affords a peep into Indian feminism too. Besides giving a historical perspective, it throws ample light on woman's psychic landscape. It takes us to the deepest emotions of a woman's inner being. The varied aspects of woman's personality find expression in the female autobiographical literature. We find that a deeper study of women’s autobiographies unravel the hidden recesses of feminine psyche of Indian society. Whatsoever the position of women maybe, behind every social stigma, there is woman, either in the role of mother-in-law, sister‑in‑law or wife. The women writers with sharp linguistic, cultural and geographical environment represented the problems and painful stories of Indian women from 19th century until date. However, they have not shared the contemporary time of the history, the problems of patriarchal society, treatment women, broken marriages and the identity crises for the women remained similar. Women writers have also been presenting woman as the centre of concern in their novels. Women oppression, exploitation, sob for liberation are the common themes in their fiction.
 Dalip Kaur Tiwana is one of the most distinguished Punjabi novelists, who writes about rural and innocent women’s physical, psychological and emotional sufferings in a patriarchal society. As a woman, she feels women’s sufferings, problems, barricades in the path of progress as well as the unrecognized capabilities in her. Dalip Kaur Tiwana has observed Indian male dominated society very closely and has much understanding of social and ugly marginalization of women. She can be considered a social reformer as she is concerned with human conditions and devises for the betterment of women's condition in Indian Punjabi families. This paper focuses on the theme of feminist landscape. It presents the miserable plight of women characters. She has come across since her childhood. Women, who felt marginalized, alienated, isolated and detached in their lives, but were helpless as no law was there in her time to punish the outlaws. Dalip Kaur Tiwana beautifully portrays the landscape of her mind. The paper shows how Dalip Kaur Tiwana presents the unfortunate image of her mother, grandmother aunts and some other obscure women who were unable to mete out justice during their life time.

Feminine Psyche Female Perspective in Anita Nair's 'Mistress'

Feminine Psyche Female Perspective in Anita Nair's 'Mistress'

Deeper into the Wilderness of Feminine Psyche in the Scarlet Letter and Raja Gidh: A Comparative Analysis of Ghazalian Aql and Freudian Ego

The present study is aimed at exploring psychological conflicts in thefemale protagonists of Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter and Qudsias Raja Gidh. This study, in the parameters of psychoanalytical interpretation, explicitly describes the profound influence of aql and ego on Hester and Seemi, as they cross the ethical restrictions of morality, become tortured by remorse, and finally try to compensate for it. Hester attempts to recompense her sins through charitable services due to her strong belief in redemption through good works; whereas, Seemi undergoes a strange psychic experience and suffers from failures, leading to her death. This study focusing on the application of Ghazalian aql and Freudian ego provides an exhilarating opportunity to advance our knowledge of literary analysis and contributes to this growing area of research by probing into the depth of the human mind.

A COZINHA NATURAL COMO LUGAR DE REENCANTAMENTO DO CORPO FEMININO

The present study aims to problematize the emergence of natural cuisine in contemporary times based on an ethnography dedicated to the corporeity of holistic therapeutic practice, and its requirement for a specific natural diet. It is presented a small clipping which aims to account for a modern socially structured culinary context in the figure of the chef who is the central character in the historical process of naturalization of animal protein in the human palate and in the de-substantialization of the female soul. The redefinition proposed by natural kitchen plays an important role in the understanding of complex human body sensitivity to the modern carnivorism, experimented throughout the alternative practices (healing and alimentation) performed at the therapeutic center. The non-governmental institution “AFYA – women therapeutic center” located in Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil, symbolizes the effort for recognition of the emancipation of the female body, evidencing cooking site as a special locality for re-enchantment of the female body, based on the legitimacy of vegetarianism as empowering device to resignification of feminine soul. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2016.16025

Structural Forms of Feminine Psyche in Scheherazade According to Toni Wolff's Quaternity

The universality and significance of The Thousand and One Nights is undeniable: the complexity of the book has combined its various literary techniques to create a masterpiece which has been translated by famous figures, and has influenced many writers all around the world. The central figure of The Thousand and One Nights is its female narrator, Scheherazade, whose complex personality has a great potential to be studied. One of psychological theories which can fully present this complexity and multidimensionality is Toni Wolff's quaternity. Wolff, a Swiss analytical psychologist and one of Jung's students, is best known for her paper on four aspects or structural forms of feminine psyche, which are the Mother, the Hetaira, the Amazon, and the Medial. These four aspects, though working independently, form the feminine psyche: if they are put in a balance with each other, the personality is a complete one. The present article is an attempt to apply Wolff's structural forms of feminine psyche in Scheherazade's character: first, the basic tenets of Wolff's quaternity is presented and consequently, her views will be examined in the various stories narrated by Scheherazade, since the four aspects mentioned above are crystalized in women characters of The Thousand and One Nights.

A Time of Sifting: Mystical Marriage and the Crisis of Moravian Piety in the Eighteenth Century by Paul Peucker

A Time of Sifting: Mystical Marriage and the Crisis of Moravian Piety in the Eighteenth Century. By Paul Peucker. [Pietist, Moravian, and Anabaptist Studies.] (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. 2015. Pp. xvi, 248. $84.95. ISBN 978-0-271-06643-1.)In early 1749, the charismatic founding leader of the radical Pietistic Moravian Church, Count Ludwig von Zinzendorf, was shocked to discover that some influential members had carried his innovative theology too far into territory he called after Luke 22:31-Satan has desired to have you, that he may sift you as wheat. Since then, historians of the Moravian Church have almost always skirted the Sifting as irrelevant or embarrassing. At best historians have reinterpreted the Sifting according to their own sensibilities. In these retellings, religious practices of the Sifting focused on Blood-and-Wounds theology and were a brief diversion in the early history of the barely twenty-year-old Moravian Church. Paul Peucker is the first to focus squarely on the Sifting in a superbly researched, forthright study of every imaginable source, from every possible angle, especially emphasizing the perspectives of contemporaries, quite different from those of later historians.Much of this study is about the sources. In the aftermath, Moravian leaders tried to destroy any sources documenting Sifting practices. Peucker discusses what survives in chapter 10. This reviewer read this chapter first, because destruction of sources is an important part of the story and shapes what Peucker can do. Given how much was destroyed, it is amazing how much he was able to uncover. Thankfully, it was impossible to eliminate every remnant, and through masterful detective work, Peucker is able to create a remarkably complete picture of the Sifting. He compares surviving Moravian sources with each other and with the vehement antiMoravian publications that soon proliferated. Written either by outsiders or apostates, their credibility has generally been questioned by scholars, but Peucker's comparative analysis proves these antagonistic writings to be accurate.Peucker argues that practices during the Sifting were extensions of Zinzendorf's theology, which encouraged playfulness and adoption of feminine traits to achieve childlike and womanly submission toward Christ, worship of Christ's wounds as sources of nurture, and bridal union with Christ, whereby the believer's feminine soul (die Seele in German) joined mystically with Christ as bridegroom. …

Память о о царице Клеопатре в американском кино

The aim of the article is to draw attention to one of the forgotten American movies. Cleopatra directed by Gordon Edwards in 1917 influenced the creation of other film images of the Egyptian queen and her portrait in contemporary pop culture. The directors have been fascinated by the femme fatale type of character and the feminine psyche since the silent movies. To emphasize the mysteriousness of the heroine, a dark biography was invented for the actress and her name was changed. Film roles influenced the real life of the actress and caused the reaction of the viewers, which resulted in the increase of the popularity of the movie. Cleopatra was a remarkable production, and its originality was very controversial.