Menstrual Hygiene Management Research Articles

Menstrual hygiene practice and associated factors among adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundMenstrual hygiene has not received adequate attention in Sub-Saharan Africa, and there is a lack of regional representative data. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of good menstrual hygiene practices and associated factors among adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsIn this study, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were used to develop the review manuscript. Online electronic databases, such as PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and CINAHL, were searched to retrieve available studies. The database search was conducted from January 1 to May 17, 2022. The selection, quality assessment, and data extraction of the studies were performed. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed based on country, study area, and sample size. Publication bias was examined by funnel plots and Egger’s test. The statistical analysis was conducted using STATA version 14 software and RevMan software, and statistical significance was declared at a p value of less than 0.05.Protocol registration numberCRD42020165628.ResultsA total of 229 studies were retrieved, and 14 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of good menstrual hygiene practices was 45% (95% CI, (37, 53). Adolescents from urban residences (OR = 3.03, 95% CI (2.3, 3.97)), able to afford menstrual sanitary products (OR = 2.17, 95% CI (1.42, 3.3)), and from educated mothers (OR = 2.33, 95% CI (1.32, 4.12)) were associated with increased odds of good menstrual hygiene practice.ConclusionThe pooled prevalence of menstrual hygiene practices was low compared to the SDG 6.2 target by 2030. “Achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations”. Therefore, improving the accessibility of a safe water supply, hygiene, sanitation facilities and affordability of menstrual products and promoting maternal education are mandatory and should be part of government-level public health policy to prevent related health issues, loss of economic output and education opportunities.

Chitosan Superabsorbent Biopolymers in Sanitary and Hygiene Applications

The consumption of diapers and sanitary products has constantly been rising. Several problems are associated with using chemical-based sanitary products, which are difficult to degrade easily and cause nappy rash and bacterial infections in babies. Therefore, there is an increasing shift towards natural-based sanitary products because of their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. Several studies are being carried out in which researchers have incorporated natural polymers, such as cellulose, starch, alginate, and xantham gum for producing superabsorbent materials. Chitosan (CS) is one such natural polymer that exhibits anti-microbial activity because of the functional groups present in its structure. Moreover, it is also easily available, biodegradable, and non-toxic. This review mainly focuses on CS’s properties and several approaches to synthesizing natural polymer-based superabsorbent products, such as sanitary pads and diapers. It also briefly discusses the diversified applications of CS as a biopolymer in the cosmetic, medical, food, and textile industries. In addition, this study implies using CS as a superabsorbent biopolymer in the manufacturing and producing sanitary products for women and children. Due to the excellent water retention capacity, swelling ability, and anti-microbial activity exhibited by CS can be considered a potential candidate for producing superabsorbent biopolymers.

Menstrual hygiene management practice and its associated factors among in-school adolescent girls in Western Ethiopia

BackgroundAdolescent girls should practice good menstrual hygiene to enhance their health and educational attainment. However, socio-cultural restrictions and limited water, sanitation, and hygiene in school environments continued to make it difficult for in school adolescent females to practice good menstrual hygiene management. So, the main aim of this study was to assess menstrual hygiene management practice and its associated factors among in-school adolescent girls in the secondary schools of Gimbi town, western Ethiopia.MethodsA school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 378 adolescent girls in Gimbi town secondary schools. The study participants were selected by using stratified random sampling techniques. Pretested self-administered Afan Oromo questionnaire with sociodemographic characteristics, information and knowledge about menstruation, and practice of menstrual hygiene management, as well as observational checklist to assess school environment were used to collect the data. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-info version 7.2.0.4 and exported to SPSS version 25 for statistical analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the practice of menstrual hygiene management and P-values less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.ResultsOut of 378 respondents, 163 (43.1%) (38–48) of adolescent girls had good menstrual hygiene management practice. Being urban resident (AOR = 3.48, (95% C.I:1.99–6.08), having mother with secondary level of education (AOR = 2.71, 95%CI: 1.15,6.42), having mother with educational level of college and above (AOR = 3.30, 95%CI1.28,8.50), having discussion about menstruation with parents (AOR = 2.42,95%CI:1.45,4.04), and having knowledge about menstruation (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.69–5.13) were factors associated with good menstrual hygiene management practice.ConclusionIn this study, good menstrual hygiene management practice is low among in school adolescent girls. Place of residence, maternal educational level, discussion about menstrual issue with parent, and having knowledge about menstruation were factors associated with good menstrual management practice. Stakeholders should give appropriate awareness and health education related to menstrual hygiene for adolescent girls at all levels.

Obstetric fistula-induced incontinence and WASH programming in humanitarian settings: agenda for research, innovation, and practice

Women living with obstetric fistula-induced incontinence (OFII) have heightened need for water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services because they experience involuntary leaking of urine, feces, or both. In humanitarian settings where access to WASH services is notably limited, research and innovation relating to OFII and WASH programming has not been granted the requisite attention, relative to menstrual hygiene management. The paper is intended to bring to the attention of humanitarian researchers and practitioners the research needs of women living with OFII. Three thematic areas that have the propensity to arouse interest in this neglected topical issue and help to set the stage for research and actions are discussed. These are the prevalence of OFII, prevention of OFII, and WASH programming for women living with OFII. Empirical studies dedicated to the above thematic issues will generate the needed evidence base to inform decision-making processes relating to improving the WASH needs of women living with OFII.

Facilities and Misconceptions Concerning Menstrual Health and Menstrual Hygiene Management among Young People in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Facilities and Misconceptions Concerning Menstrual Health and Menstrual Hygiene Management among Young People in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Menstrual cup webinar series: A developing model of modified pre- and post-tests in the online teaching-learning of primary health care workers.

Menstrual hygiene management, especially in resource-limited settings, is challenging. The acceptability of the menstrual cup is increasing recently in western countries whereas, in developing countries like India, the awareness, acceptability, and use of menstrual cups are very limited. We assessed the effectiveness of modified pre-post-test teaching-learning methodology in an online webinar series on menstrual cups using Moore's outcome assessment. An online webinar series on menstrual hygiene and the menstrual cup was conducted to raise awareness about the usage of menstrual cups among the health care workers like Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANMs), Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHAs), and Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) of the Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The questions of modified pre- and post-test were displayed. The questions were displayed to participants using the polling option in zoom. A total of 1597 health care workers participated in the menstrual cup webinar series. Of the total, 72.7% of participants responded to the job title question of which ASHA, ANMs, and AWWs were 16.8%, 34.2%, and 41.9%, respectively. The baseline knowledge of menstrual cups among primary health care workers for "heard of the menstrual cup" and "ever used/know anyone using menstrual cup" was 36.89% and 11.67%, respectively. After the webinar among the primary health care workers, the maximum gain in knowledge was seen for "menstrual cup can be cleaned in the home," 94.53%, and the minimum gain in knowledge was on "unmarried girls can use menstrual cups," 50.42%. The modified pre- and post-test model predicted an overall 50 percent rise in the knowledge of primary health care workers by the webinar series about a different aspect of the menstrual cup.As online webinar providers aim to provide more performance-based learning activities, current approaches to continuing medical education may become obsolete. The single most essential shift in online webinar planners can make is to incorporate modified pre-and post-test to allow for interactive and formative assessment during webinar activities.

Menstruation behaviour influencer model: a grounded theory of menstrual experiences of shame, embarrassment, stigma and absenteeism among pubescent girls in semi-urban and rural secondary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria.

severally, studies had identified menstrual-associated shame, embarrassment, stigma, and absenteeism among pubescents in school with resultant challenges on their bio psycho-social functioning. However, what is not clear is the contribution of the home and school to the experiences. The objectives of the study were to explore the experiences with menstruation and menstrual hygiene management; explore the experiences with menstrual-associated shame, embarrassment, stigma, and absenteeism among participants; explore the bio-psycho-social issues associated with the experiences; understand the meaning of the experiences and propose a mid-range theory that explains the influences on pubescents´ menstrual behaviours. constructivist grounded theory design was used to explore the experiences of 20 purposively recruited pubescents from rural and semi-urban secondary schools. In-depth Interviews, focused group discussions, key informant interviews, and observations were employed to collect data until data saturation. Open and focused coding was conducted to identify emerging themes and sub-themes. These themes were returned to participants and literature for verification. four (4) categories and eleven (11) sub-categories emerged from the data and formed four (4) themes that influence pubescents´ menstrual behaviour. They include: 1) individuals´ bio-physiological status, knowledge of menstrual health and menstrual characteristics; 2) regimenting school through strict rule enforcement, punishment/motivation, forced participation, and compliance; 3) scheduling academic activities/examination, sporting and other extra curricula activities; and 4) providing menstrual support by individual and institutional efforts to pubescents. Based on the relationship with other themes, the menstrual behaviour influencer model was proposed. menstrual influencers require the interaction between menstrual support and menstrual enablers by institutions for positive menstrual behavior. Failure to achieve this balance will lead to menstrual-associated shame, embarrassment, stigma, absenteeism, and school drop-out.

Integrating Menstrual Health

Menstruation is an herbal and quintessential vicinity of the reproductive cycle; 1/2 of the human populace has or will trip it. Menstrual Health (MH) is a quintessential phase of sexual fitness and rights. Access to Menstrual Health is, In addition, a human appropriate and necessary to public health. MH is fundamental for the fitness well-being mobility, education, monetary empowerment, and dignity of women, girls, and human beings who menstruate. Yet shame, stigma, and misinformation surrounding the menstrual existence cycle undermine the well-being of women, girls, and those who menstruate, making them inclined to gender discrimination, infant marriage, exclusion, violence, poverty, and untreated fitness problems. Enabling women, girls, and those who menstruate to manipulate their menstruation, and, barring shame, let them issue out their dignity, agency, and autonomy and revel in wonderful human rights. It affords them with wishes and manipulation of their bodies and lives 2020 used to be 12 months of pain, pause, and adaptation for billions of human beings spherical in the world. The COVID-19 Pandemic disrupted the fitness shipping machine at a magnitude that ushered in a new world. It, in addition, affected girls’ and women’s administration to manipulate their menstruation and their health. Integrating menstrual health into healthcare systems is crucial, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has disrupted healthcare services, including access to menstrual health products and services, which has disproportionately affected women, girls, and those who menstruate. As a result, there is a need to prioritize and integrate menstrual health into the broader healthcare system to ensure that everyone has access to menstrual health products, information, and services. This integration will help to reduce the stigma surrounding menstruation, improve education on menstrual health, and empower women, girls, and those who menstruate to take control of their menstrual health. It will also help to ensure that menstrual health is recognized as a human right and is incorporated into public health policies and programs.

Pharmacies to collect toiletries and sanitary products as part of hygiene poverty campaign

Pharmacies to collect toiletries and sanitary products as part of hygiene poverty campaign

Menstrual health and management during the COVID-19 syndemic in the Barcelona area (Spain): A qualitative study.

Available evidence suggests that menstrual health and management have been impaired during the COVID-19 syndemic. However, research in this area is scarce, and it is failing to voice the experiences of women and people who menstruate regarding their menstrual experiences. This study aimed to explore the experiences of menstrual health and menstrual management among women and people who menstruate in the Barcelona area (Spain) during the COVID-19 syndemic. This is a qualitative study, conducted taking a critical feminist approach, is embedded in the 'Equity and Menstrual Health in Spain' project. It includes photo-elicitation individual interviews with 34 women and people who menstruate in the area of Barcelona (Spain). Data were collected in person and through telephone calls between December 2020 and February 2021. Analyses were performed using Thematic Analysis. Main findings navigated through the menstrual changes experienced by some participants, especially women living with long COVID-19, and the barriers to access healthcare and menstrual products during COVID-19. While some participants experienced menstrual poverty, this did not appear to be exacerbated during COVID-19. Instead, access to menstrual products was compromised based on products' availability and mobility restrictions. Menstrual management and self-care were generally easier, given that menstrual experiences were almost exclusively relegated to private spaces during lockdown periods. Our findings highlight the need to further research and policy efforts towards promoting menstrual health and equity, considering social determinants of health, and taking intersectional and gender-based approaches. These strategies should be further encouraged in social and health crises such as the COVID-19 syndemic.

A Study on Relationship Marketing through Social Media Advertising Platforms: An Analysis of Menstrual Hygiene Brands

Social Media has changed the communication process for people. It has become a two-way communication facilitator to share information, create awareness, purchase products, etc. Social Media is encouraging consumers to easily interact with the brands, forming an unbreakable bond known as relationship marketing. However, when it comes to menstrual health and hygiene, many studies have shown that there are various taboos and stigmas associated with it which hold consumers back from communicating or interacting openly. Although digital and social media channels are helping to increase consumer engagement and interaction, marketers or brands working in this sector, are still struggling to maintain the right relationship with their consumers due to these taboos. This has developed the need to study consumer engagement or interaction with Indian Menstrual Brands via social media channels. The data was collected through questionnaires among social media users and Whisper, Sirona, Nua, Pee Safe, and Sanfe were the menstrual brands selected for the study. The results highlighted that people do interact or engage with menstrual brands through social media to give feedback, and to purchase their products, but the popular reason is to get informed about the menstrual products. It was also found that Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube are popular social media platforms for interaction or engagement among respondents. This study contributes to the understanding of consumer engagement and interaction via these channels in the menstrual hygiene sector.&nbsp

Knowledge, Acceptability and Misconceptions Regarding Menstrual Cup among College Students of Kerala: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Menstrual cup is a good, safe, hygienic, eco-friendly and economical option for menstrual managementthan other menstrual products. The present study aims to find knowledge, acceptability, and misconceptions ofmenstrual cup among female college students in Kerala.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 187 participants studying in Engineeringor Arts College of Ernakulam district using consecutive sampling technique. A semi-structured expert validatedquestionnaire containing socio-demographic details and questions regarding awareness, acceptability andmisconceptions of menstrual cup was used. Data was analysed using SPSS software.Results: Mean age of the participants was 20.49 ± 2.07 years. 40(21.3%) were aware of hand hygiene beforeinsertion, 43(24.6%) knew average emptying time, 117(62.6%) sterilisation method, and 60(32.1%) knew regardingstorage of cup. But only 2[1.07% (95% CI= 0.00 - 2.5)] participants were using menstrual cup regularly. The mainmisconceptions regarding menstrual cup were, the insertion of device is painful [107(57.2%)], and someone withheavy menstrual flow cannot use the cup [48(25.7%)].Conclusion:Knowledge and acceptability regarding use of menstrual cup were poor. Many misconceptions were stillprevailing among the potential users. Proper awareness and health education should be implemented to increaseits acceptability and to correct the prevailing misconceptions.

Uncovering the Influence of Marketing Strategies on Menstrual Health Management During Covid-19 in Indonesia

The study examines the influence of marketing strategies on menstrual health management (MHM) among Indonesian women during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research used a mixed-method approach, including quantitative surveys and qualitative focus group discussions. Using a sample size of 1,516 respondents, the quantitative findings indicate that marketing strategies did not affect the use of disposable sanitary pads or MHM preferences before the pandemic. However, after Covid-19, marketing strategies of disposable sanitary products had a significant impact on MHM preferences. Qualitative findings revealed that product, price, and promotion are important aspects of marketing strategies that influence MHM during the pandemic. Due to increased time spent at home and internet usage, women have greater access to information about MHM. The study also found a rising awareness of reusable menstrual products, hygiene, and environmental concerns. Thus, the study recommends that menstrual product brands focus on product innovation and social media promo­tional activities to meet the changing needs of Indonesian women during and after the pandemic.

Health Communication Interventions for Promoting Menstrual Health and Hygiene Management in India: A review

Health communication interventions for promoting menstrual health in India is an unexplored area. It is commonly known that using strategic communication to plan and carry out projects that affect health behavior and societal change is an effective strategy. There are numerous interventions carried out in India, focussed on health related to menstruation and its hygiene management at different levels starting from the grassroots. This review aims to assess a wide range of published research that has utilized various approaches to investigate the effectiveness and variables of communication interventions influencing practices of menstruation and its hygiene management of women and teenage girls in India. The studies from India examining the different communication interventions were identified through online databases such as PubMed, Medline, Ovid, Sage Journals, Science Direct, Springer, Taylor, Francis, DOAJ, and Google Scholar. Findings highlighted different communication interventions like SBCC, BCC, IEC, and interpersonal communication were efficiently utilized to promote menstrual health information among adolescents and women of reproductive age.

A Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge Regarding Menstrual Cup Among Women of Reproductive Age Group in a View to Develop an Information Pamphlet in a Selected Hospital, Bangalore

Background: Menstruation is a phenomenon unique to the females. The onset of menstruation is one of the most important changes occurring among the girls during the adolescent years. Hygiene-related practices of women during menstruation are of considerable importance, as it has a health impact in terms of increased vulnerability to reproductive tract infections. A method for menstrual hygiene management, alternative to sanitary pads and tampons, is the menstrual cup. The menstrual cup is a bell-shaped device made of high- grade medical silicon, which is inserted into the vagina during menstruation. The device should be boiled once per month and can be used for 5–10 years. It collects more blood than the standard sanitary pads and is environmentally friendly with few known side. The knowledge about menstrual cup will motivate the women to start using them as it is an ecofriendly, cost effective and sustainable method and will thereby promote menstrual hygiene. The present study was aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding menstrual cup among the women of reproductive age group. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge regarding menstrual cup among women of reproductive age group. To determine the association between the levels of knowledge among women of reproductive age group and selected demographic variables. Methods: The research design selected for the study was descriptive design. The study was conducted among the women of reproductive age group from 18 to 45 years who visited the female medicine and female surgery out-patient department of a selected hospital, Bangalore. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the level of knowledge regarding menstrual cup. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean knowledge score was 9.04.With regards to the knowledge score in specific domains, 77% of the subjects knew what a menstrual cup is, 42% had knowledge about the action of menstrual cup, 40% of them knew how to use a menstrual cup, 37% had knowledge about the advantages of menstrual cup and 51% of them knew some facts on menstrual cup. This study result shows that 88.09% of the subjects had poor knowledge regarding 11.9% of them had average knowledge and none of them had good knowledge regarding menstrual cup. As per the statistical analysis there was no significant association between the level of knowledge and baseline variables at 0.05level of significance. The result of the study emphasizes need for

Assessing School-Based Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Facilities in Peri-Urban Settings of Kinshasa, DR Congo

Background: Kinshasa’s peri-urban settings have a low rate of water access, which has significant consequences for the WASH infrastructures in schools and preventative measures against the spread of waterborne diseases and pathogens. This study aimed to assess the availability, functionality, and gender sensitivity of WASH infrastructures of Kinshasa’s peri-urban schools. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in three of the four educational provinces of Kinshasa, targeting 165 peri-urban schools. Data were collected using a questionnaire and an observation grid. Results: An overall proportion of 10.9% of schools possessed a water point, and therefore time-consuming water chores are a necessity in 89.1% of schools. Girl students provided 30% of the labor collecting water during punishments. A total of 98.2% of schools had functional latrines of which 3.6% were found hygienic, associated with water reserve next to the latrines (P = 0.040). Only 2.4% of schools displayed posters raising awareness of latrine hygiene, and 3.6% displayed posters on hand hygiene. The ratios of latrines units for girls were 58:1 for toilets and 115:1 for urinals, justifying open defecation and urination reported in 62.4% of schools. Also, 43% of schools had hand-washing facilities whose functionality was significantly associated with the presence of water points in the school’s inner courtyard (P = 0.032), with water (P P < 0.001). In total, 2.4% of schools had laundries for menstrual hygiene management. Conclusion: The majority of schools had limited drinking water services, which negatively impact the functionality and gender sensitivity of other WASH provisions. The current evidence as a public health concern would raise government and school authorities’ attention to address these environmental threats.

Menstrual Practices among Medical Students in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Central Kerala

Introduction: Menstruation is a part of women’s healthy well-being. The objective of this study was to assess themenstrual hygiene practises among female medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Central Kerala.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 among 225 female undergraduateMBBS students aged 18–25 years in a tertiary health care facility in Kerala. The data was collected using an expertvalidated semi-structured questionnaire after obtaining informed consent from the participants via Google Forms.The universal sampling technique was used, and the data was analysed with SPSS version 20.0.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 21.65 ± 1.34 years and 91.1% were from the APL socioeconomiccategory. 95.5% of participants were using disposable sanitary pads. The frequency of washing external genitaliaand changing sanitary products were adequate in 69.4% and 33.8% respectively. The common mode of disposal ofmenstrual products were burning(50.2%), incineration(34.7%) and discarded into general waste(8.9%). 66.7% werenot allowed to do religious activities during menstruation.Conclusion: Most of participants used disposable sanitary pads. The frequency of changing sanitary products andtheir disposal was found to be inadequate. Menstruation related myths were common among participants.

Assessment of Knowledge Regarding Menstruation and Sanitary Absorbents among Young Women

Background and Aim: Menstrual problems are common during adolescence which may cause significant anxietyfor adolescent and their families. Even individuals with knowledge tend to use inappropriate menstrual hygienemanagement due to difficulties such as insufficient menstruation sanitary products and a lack of mental or physicalsupport. Hence the aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge of the urban &amp; rural high School teacherson menstrual hygiene practices.Materials and Method: For the present study three Urban school and four Rural schools located in rural areaswere selected for conducting the study. The target population were all the female teachers working in the selectedurban and rural area. Randomly selected 100 female teachers were taken as sample of the study from the urbanand rural areas. Simple random sample technique was used for selecting sample for this study.Results: It was shown that there is significant association between pre test knowledge scores and selected variablesit indicates that the knowledge level on menstrual hygiene in dependant of economic status, education Indus,experience, age of the respondents.Conclusion: After structured teaching programme their knowledge on menstruation and menstrual hygiene hadimproved. Educating teachers in turn help us to educate the adolescent girls to adopt healthy behaviour.

Period Poverty among Adolescents: A Comparison between Urban and Rural Areas in Sri Lanka

This research intends to investigate the period poverty among adolescents in urban and rural settings. In Sri Lanka, menstruation is considered a taboo topic, and therefore, it is not openly discussed in society. Ergo, period poverty is not given sufficient attention by the people in power and the public. Period poverty is “a global issue affecting women and girls who do not have access to safe, hygienic sanitary products, and/or who are unable to manage their periods with dignity, sometimes due to community stigma and sanction. This research followed a mixed method since both qualitative and quantitative methods were used by the researcher. Since the study is on period poverty, which is a sensitive topic for many participants, a mixed-methods approach was developed. Since the unit of analysis is schoolgirls, a method that allowed the researcher to have one-on-one discussions with them was essential. In conclusion, the study identified that both urban and rural schools are affected by period poverty in a similar manner. It is true that the students in the urban school find it more comfortable to purchase period products due to their upbringing and wealthy family background, which is not the case when it comes to the rural school. However, the lack of awareness of sexual and reproductive health, misinformation, social stigma, and lack of sanitary facilities can be identified as similar concerns for both schools. Therefore, the researcher is convinced, through data, that period poverty exists, is felt, and experienced by both rural and urban schools despite their geographical locality. Since only two schools were selected for the study, it is difficult to generalise it to the country. However, it is possible to gain inferences and make predictions that involve the big picture.

A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on the knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene among women of child bearing age in a selected community of Rewa (M.P.)

Introduction: Menstrual hygiene refers to the private hygiene exercise in the course of menstruation. A lady wants to exercise an excessive degree of non-public hygiene at some point of her durations and the private hygiene begins from the resolution of high-quality sanitary products, its perfect usage, disposal, physique cleanliness, diet, etc. Menstrual hygiene is necessary due to the fact it is a herbal method of hygiene associated to exercise of female in the course of menstruation as it has an effect in phrases of to stop reproductive tract infections and urinary tract infections. Aim: The goal of the find out about is to determine the effectiveness of structured instructing programme on the know-how concerning menstrual hygiene amongst female of toddler bearing age in selected neighborhood of Rewa (M. P.). Methods: The conceptual framework in this find out about is primarily based on King’s Goal attainment theory, (King Imogene, 1981). The lookup graph chosen for the find out about is the pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design. Convenient sampling method was once used to acquire the data. Total 50 female of infant bearing age have been chosen for the lookup learn about residing in Urrahat community, Rewa (M. P.). Self-structured questionnaire used to be organized to verify the know-how of ladies of toddler bearing age concerning menstrual hygiene. In this learn about impartial variable used to be structured instructing programme organized by using the researcher and structured variables used to be understanding of the sample. Result: Mean pre- check rating of ladies of infant bearing age was once 6.9 and imply post-test rating used to be 25.42 with the suggest distinction of 19. The computed ‘t’ test (-33.77 P.000) confirmed that there used to be a tremendously big distinction between pre-test and post-test expertise score. There used to be no giant affiliation between age, kind of family, religion, month-to-month earnings of the family, age at your menstruation started out and supply of statistics and pre-test score. There was once substantial affiliation between instructional popularity and pre-test score. Conclusion: The findings of the existing find out about confirmed that the imply post-test expertise rating (25.42) is greater than the suggest pre-test know-how rating (6.9). Hence the lookup speculation H2 is accepted. This suggests that an structured educating programme is advantageous in growing the understanding rating amongst ladies of toddler bearing age related to menstrual hygiene.