Females Of Different Age Groups Research Articles

Distal radius fractures and distal ulna fractures among adults in a southern China county during the 11-year-period 2010 to 2020.

Most distal radius fractures are associated with distal ulnar fractures. However, there is still a lack of consensus on the incidence of different types of distal ulnar fractures among adults in China. Therefore, we analyzed the incidence of distal radial fractures with and without associated distal ulnar fractures among adults in a southern China county from 2010 to 2020. Registry data of 2333 patients (2351 sides) with a distal radius fracture from 2010 to 2020 underwent evaluation, encompassing parameters such as age, sex, distal radius fracture classification, fracture side, and distal ulnar fracture classification. Distal radial fractures were classified according to the AO/OTA classification. Distal ulnar fractures were examined using the Q-modifier classification. 1719 females (73.68%) and 614 males (26.32%) were included in the study. Compared to men, the incidence of distal radial fractures accompanying distal ulnar fractures in women was approximately 2.8 times higher. Additionally, 49.81% of distal radius fractures were associated with fractures of the distal ulna, while 46.44% were associated with fractures of the ulnar styloid. The most common fracture type was that of the ulnar styloid Q1 (93.73%). The mean age of female patients was 61.71 ± 12.13, while male patients had an average age of 50.63 ± 14.86. The Q1 type was the most common type of distal ulnar fracture. We also found that more females (age range: 50 years or older) had type C distal radius fractures compared to males. However, type B fractures were observed more frequently in males than in females (range: 18-49 years). Osteoporosis was believed to be the main cause of fractures in women aged >50 years old. Moreover, the peak incidence of radius fractures in males was lower than in females in different age groups.

Biochemical blood parameters in platinum fox females and males in ontogenesis

Currently, veterinarians pay much attention to the diagnostic examination of animals, including animals kept on fur farms. Blood is the main material used for such examinations. Changes in its composition allows veterinary practitioners to identify disorders in various systems and organs of animals, as well as to assess metabolism in animals. Results of biochemical tests of serum samples from platinum fox males and females of different age groups and comparative assessment thereof are presented. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (U/L), alanine aminotransferase (U/L), alkaline phosphatase (U/L), total protein (g/L), albumin (g/L), urea (mmol/L), creatinine (μmol/L), α-amylase (U/L), cholesterol (μmol/L) were determined. Aspartate aminotransferase levels in females at the age of 6 months were lower by 69% than that ones in males. Increase in aspartate aminotransferase by the age of 6 months helps animals to accumulate body weight before winter. Sexual differences in the alkaline phosphatase levels were detected in 1.5-month-old kits: alkaline phosphatase levels were higher by 21.05% in males than in females. By the age of 6 months, the alkaline phosphatase levels decreased in both males and females. The decline in alkaline phosphatase level with the age is associated with participation of this enzyme in the development of animal skeleton during ontogenesis. From the age of 4 months, the growth and development of the skeleton slows down, and by the age of 6 months the animals gain the size and body weight of adult animals. Urea and creatinine levels in foxes of both sexes increased during their growth, but remained within the reference limits. Changes in urea levels in blood can be caused by feeding excessively high-protein or excessively low-protein diets. The total protein content in sera from 4 month-old males and females decreased by 32.51 and 43.24%, respectively, compared with that one in sera from animals at the age of 1.5 months, and increased at the age of 6 months up to the level observed at the age of 4 months. According to the literature, rather rapid stabilization of protein metabolism is a biological feature of many mammals born in spring, their growth rate is accelerated and, in general, the maturity phase is shortened.

Real-world data of China: Analysis of HPV vaccine coverage and post-vaccination adverse reaction monitoring in Western Chinese provinces from 2018 to 2021

ABSTRACT To investigate the HPV vaccine coverage and post-vaccination adverse reactions in Gansu Province, Western China, from 2018 to 2021. Data on suspected adverse reactions to HPV vaccines were collected from the Chinese Vaccine Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI). Estimate the incidence rates of Common Adverse Reaction and Rare Adverse Reaction. HPV vaccine coverage among females in different age groups was calculated using data from the Gansu Provincial Immunization Information Platform. The first-dose HPV vaccine coverage rate among females aged 9 to 45 was 2.02%, with the lowest rate of less than 1% observed in females aged 9 to 14. From 2018 to 2021, the incidence rates of Common Adverse Reaction and Rare Adverse Reaction reported in females after HPV vaccination were 11.82 and 0.39 per 100,000 doses, respectively. Common Adverse Reaction included fever (5.52 per 100,000 doses), local redness and swelling (3.33 per 100,000 doses), fatigue (3.15 per 100,000 doses), headache (2.76 per 100,000 doses), as well as local induration and nausea/vomiting (1.97 per 100,000 doses). Adverse reactions mainly occurred within 1 day after vaccination, followed by 1 to 3 days after vaccination. The HPV vaccine coverage rate among females aged 9 to 14 in Gansu Province is remarkably low, and there is an urgent need to enhance vaccine coverage. From 2018 to 2021, the incidence of Adverse reaction Following Immunization HPV vaccination fell within the expected range, indicating the vaccine’s safety profile.

Sex-related disparities in cough-associated symptoms across different age groups.

Sex-related disparities in the prevalence of chronic cough have been consistently reported globally, with varying male-to-female ratios. This study aimed to evaluate sex-related differences by comparing correlations between cough-related symptoms in males and females of different age groups. Adult patients with chronic cough who completed the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) were recruited from 16 respiratory centers. Correlation networks were constructed based on Spearman's correlation coefficients in males and females of various age groups. The distinct relationships of cough-related symptoms between subgroups were validated by an independent cohort. A total of 255 patients were enrolled in this study (male-to-female ratio, 1:1.71). The following LCQ items were highly correlated: embarrassment and interference with daily work, anxiety, and interference with overall life enjoyment/feeling of being fed up, interference with daily work and overall life enjoyment, interference with overall life enjoyment and feeling of being fed up, and feeling of being fed up and annoyance to partner/family/friends. The patterns of these correlations between LCQ items varied in males and females of different ages. The strongest interrelationship was observed in male patients aged >50 years old, which was similar to those in the validation cohort. The correlation patterns between cough-related symptoms vary significantly according to age and sex. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of cough-related symptoms may facilitate sex- and age-specific strategies for chronic cough.

Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus infected cervical biopsies samples by immunohistochemical expression of the p16 tumor marker.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in women worldwide. It is widely accepted that the main cause of cervical cancer, especially in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, is the infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The current screening and diagnostic methods face several challenges in accurately detecting the various types of lesions caused by HPV. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis as a diagnostic method in samples of cervical biopsies. One hundred cervical biopsy samples were obtained from female patients across various age groups (> 20- ≤ 30, > 31- ≤ 40, > 41- ≤ 50, > 51- ≤ 60years). These samples were subsequently prepared for subsequent examination. All samples were analyzed using automated tissue processing followed by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) staining, and p16 IHC tumour marker staining. The H & E slides showed changes in normal cervical tissues, while four cervical abnormalities were identified statistically significant using p16 marker including chronic cervicitis, nabothian cyst formation, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and cervical cancers (P value 0.014). Furthermore, among females of different age groups (> 31- ≤ 40, > 41- ≤ 50, > 51- ≤ 60years) were found statistically significant suffering from cervical cancer (P value 0.04), HPV with cervical cancer (P value 0.01), HPV with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (P value 0.01). Based on the available data, it can be inferred that the incorporation of the p16 tumor marker may be a valuable method for detecting high-risk HPV in cervical biopsies samples.

Determinants of Z-Score of Bone Mineral Density among Premenopausal Saudi Females in Different Age Groups: A Cross Sectional Study.

To explore the potential determinants of Z-scores among premenopausal Saudi females in different age groups before and after the expected age of peak bone density (PBD). This multicenter comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Madinah and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between August 2021 and March 2022. We recruited 886 premenopausal females (605 (68.3%) below and 281 (31.7%) at or above the age of 30). The structured pre-coded Arabic questionnaire included sociodemographic data, a BMD questionnaire, menstrual history, an Arab Teen Lifestyle Study questionnaire, and food frequency data. Metabolic Equivalents (METs) were calculated from physical activity. Analysis of serum PTH, 25(OH) vitamin D (VD) was performed with chemiluminescent immunoassay. BMD was measured with a calcaneal qualitative ultrasound. Most women had age-matched Z-scores, with very few (24 (2.7%)) being non-age-matched with no identified secondary causes. Significant Z-score determinants before PBD were BMI (OR: 0.167, p = 0.003) and total METs (OR: 0.160, p < 0.005). After the age of PBD, significant predictors were parity (OR: 0.340, p = 0.042), history of vitamin D deficiency (OR: 0.352, p = 0.048), and BMI (OR: 0.497, p = 0.019). Early determinants of Z-scores among premenopausal women were the nutritional status and physical activity. After the age of PBD, parity and vitamin D status offer additional determinants. For better BMD, attention should be paid to early physical activity and healthy nutrition, especially for vitamin D, with intensification of efforts during the childbearing period.

Pacing Strategy of 800 m and 1500 m Freestyle Swimming Finals in the World Championships According to the Performance in Males and Females of Different Age Groups

Pacing strategy refers to the distribution of effort and speed throughout the race to achieve optimal performance. This study aims to understand whether the choice of pacing strategy in swimming depends on the length of competitions and how sex, age, and performance level influence this strategy. Participants were the finalists of the 800 m and 1500 m freestyle events at the elite and junior world championships in 2022–2023. Race outcomes and pacing parameters were compared between the two distances and across different groups of swimmers. Swimmers in both distances did not break world records. Pacing strategy generally followed a U-shape with significant differences in the frequency and duration of speed changes between the two distances. The 800 m exhibited more frequent changes in acceleration, while the 1500 m events generally followed a more consistent time-series pattern. There were differences in pacing strategies between males and females and between junior and elite swimmers. Swimmers closer to world records showed more consistent pacing patterns compared to those farther from records. This study suggests that pacing strategies are influenced by race distance, sex, age, and performance level. The research highlights the complex interplay between physiological and psychological factors that shape a swimmer’s decision-making during a race.

Epidemiology of alopecia areata in Baqubah city/Diyala-Iraq

Background: Alopecia areata is a disease scalp and body hair leading to patches of non-scoring alopecia which is heterogeyous ,it is unown as autommutte disease, there is no prevention &amp; hard cure.&#x0D; Objective: To determine the prevalence rate according to sex &amp;age and the causative factors of alopecia areata in Baquba city.&#x0D; Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was in Baquba Teaching Hospital dermatological clinic from 1st of October 2020 to 31st of March 2022 at Baquabah teaching Hospital /outpatient Dermatology clinic. The study sample (100) patients with different clinical variants of Alopecia Areata, (71) males and (29) females of different age groups.&#x0D; Results: This study shows that high prevalence among males (71%) with age group (21-30) years old with single patchy alopecia areata with past history of recurrence and associated psychological history. (100) cases of AA were diagnosed. (25%). Single lesion of AA was the most common manifestation (68%). Recurrence history of AA Positive in (55%). Personal history of stress was associated with AA in (64 %). The most common site of alopecia areata was in head (55%).&#x0D; Conclusion: It was concluded that, alopecia areata was more common in male, age (21-30) years, most common single lesion, more in head, with psychological stress history.

Epidemiology of alopecia areata in Baqubah city/Diyala-Iraq

Background: Alopecia areata is a disease scalp and body hair leading to patches of non-scoring alopecia which is heterogeyous ,it is unown as autommutte disease, there is no prevention &amp; hard cure. Objective: To determine the prevalence rate according to sex &amp;age and the causative factors of alopecia areata in Baquba city. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was in Baquba Teaching Hospital dermatological clinic from 1st of October 2020 to 31st of March 2022 at Baquabah teaching Hospital /outpatient Dermatology clinic. The study sample (100) patients with different clinical variants of Alopecia Areata, (71) males and (29) females of different age groups. Results: This study shows that high prevalence among males (71%) with age group (21-30) years old with single patchy alopecia areata with past history of recurrence and associated psychological history. (100) cases of AA were diagnosed. (25%). Single lesion of AA was the most common manifestation (68%). Recurrence history of AA Positive in (55%). Personal history of stress was associated with AA in (64 %). The most common site of alopecia areata was in head (55%). Conclusion: It was concluded that, alopecia areata was more common in male, age (21-30) years, most common single lesion, more in head, with psychological stress history. Keywords: Alopecia areata, prevalence rate, Stress

Assessment of Influence of Age and Gender on Morphological Variations of Nasopalatine Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Radiographic Observational Study

Aim: To assess the shape of the nasopalatine canal in the sagittal plane, coronal plane and axial plane. To assess the length of the nasopalatine canal in the sagittal plane and to assess the Influence of age and gender on these parameters of nasopalatine canal.&#x0D; Methodology: A sample of 90 subjects were taken. Shape of nasopalatine canal in sagittal plane is assessed in males and females and all the age groups and classified as cylindrical, funnel, hourglass and spindle shape. The shape of the NPC in the coronal plane is classified according to Bornstein as Single (type A), double (type B), Y shaped (type C). The shape of the NPC at the mid-level was assessed in the axial plane and classified as oval, round, heart and triangular shape. The length of the nasopalatine canal is measured in the sagittal plane.&#x0D; Results: The results showed cylindrical shape was most common in sagittal plane which showed statistical significance. Results showed males have significant longer canals than females. In coronal plane, Y shape was prevalent, but no significant results were observed. In the axial plane, in males and females was heart shape and round shape were prevalent respectively. In the axial plane, the most common shape of NPC was heart shape in group I and group III, round shape in group II. No statistically significant results observed.&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study concluded there were significant morphological variations of NPC in males and females in different age groups. These morphological variations may cause complications during different treatment procedures. Assessment of the NPC using CBCT helps in implant rehabilitation and surgical treatment planning.

Effect of Aging on Platelets in the Individuals of 30 to 60 Years Age Group – A Cross Sectional Study

BACKGROUND&#x0D; In this study, we wanted to evaluate to find the significant changes in count of platelets which are one of the blood components with advancing age both in males and females of 30 - 60 years’ age group, to study and analyze the count of platelets in three different age groups of males, to study and analyze the count of platelets in three different age groups of females, to compare the count of platelets in between males and females in different age groups.&#x0D; METHODS&#x0D; This was a hospital based analytical observational cross-sectional study conducted among patients in the 30-60 years’ age group in the Department of Physiology in collaboration with Department of Pathology and Department of General Medicine at Government Medical College, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India, after obtaining clearance from institutional ethics committee and written informed consent from the study participants.&#x0D; RESULTS&#x0D; Platelet count decreased with increase in age in males from 31-40 years’ age group to 41-50 years’ age group, and count slightly increased with increase in age from 41-50 years’ age group to 51-60 years’ age group in males. But in female’s platelet count increased with increase in age.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS&#x0D; The present study was done in limited specific age groups that is in between 30-60 years. Further large studies should be done in large population different age groups to know the cause of age specific variations in platelets.

A Comparative Study on the Nutrient Content and Consumption of Tea Whitener in Females of Different Age Groups in Multan, Pakistan

A Comparative Study on the Nutrient Content and Consumption of Tea Whitener in Females of Different Age Groups in Multan, Pakistan

A Comparative Study on the Nutrient Content and Consumption of Tea Whitener in Females of Different Age Groups in Multan, Pakistan

A Comparative Study on the Nutrient Content and Consumption of Tea Whitener in Females of Different Age Groups in Multan, Pakistan

X-chromosome inactivation patterns depend on age and tissue but not conception method in humans

Female somatic X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) balances the X-linked transcriptional dosages between the sexes, randomly silencing the maternal or paternal X chromosome in each cell of 46,XX females. Skewed XCI toward one parental X has been observed in association with ageing and in some female carriers of X-linked diseases. To address the problem of non-random XCI, we quantified the XCI skew in different biological samples of naturally conceived females of different age groups and girls conceived after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Generally, XCI skew differed between saliva, blood, and buccal swabs, while saliva and blood had the most similar XCI patterns in individual females. XCI skew increased with age in saliva, but not in other tissues. We showed no significant differences in the XCI patterns in tissues of naturally conceived and IVF females. The gene expression profile of the placenta and umbilical cord blood was determined depending on the XCI pattern. The increased XCI skewing in the placental tissue was associated with the differential expression of several genes out of 40 considered herein. Notably, skewed XCI patterns (> 80:20) were identified with significantly increased expression levels of four genes: CD44, KDM6A, PHLDA2, and ZRSR2. The differences in gene expression patterns between samples with random and non-random XCI may shed new light on factors contributing to the XCI pattern outcome and indicate new paths in future research on the phenomenon of XCI skewing.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of a large Chinese population from 30 provinces by LC-MS/MS measurement for consecutive 3years: differences by age, sex, season and province.

We aimed to describe the vitamin D status and its distribution in different age groups, sexes, seasons, and provinces of a large Chinese population. This study retrospectively analyzed 1,528,685 results of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in the central laboratory of KingMed Diagnostics. The samples were from the individuals aged 0-119years old in 30 provinces of China. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by an accurate commercial liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method from January 2017 to December 2019. The subjects were stratified by age, sex, the season of blood collection, and the province of residence. The median 25(OH)D concentration was 25.5ng/mL (interquartile range (IQR) 18.7-32.7ng/mL) in males and 20.8ng/mL (IQR 14.4-28.2ng/mL) in females. Overall, the median 25(OH)D concentration decreased with age in both males and females. Males had a 0.2-2.4ng/mL higher median 25(OH)D concentration than females in different age groups. Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 15ng/mL for the individuals under 14years old; < 20ng/mL for the individuals over 14years old) was found in 21.3% of males and 43.6% of females. Significant seasonal variation of serum 25(OH)D concentrations was repeatedly observed in 3 years, with median concentration higher in summer (25.3ng/mL (IQR 19.3-31.9ng/mL)) and lower in winter (18.5ng/mL (IQR 12.3-26.6ng/mL)). Vitamin D status varied by province. The median 25(OH)D concentration was the highest in Hainan (31.0ng/mL (IQR 24.9-39.2ng/mL)) and the lowest in Qinghai (14.4ng/mL (IQR 9.6-20.0ng/mL)). 25(OH)D2 was detected in 12.2% of theresults, and no significant seasonal variation was observed. In China, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in the population participating in clinical vitamin D measurement. Age and sex differences in vitamin D levels were observed in our study. Seasonal variation and provincial differences are important aspects of serum vitamin D status. 25(OH)D2 cannot be ignored entirely in clinical measurement practice in China.

Differences in COVID-19 mortality in males and females: Is estrogen hormone attributing to sex differences?

Objectives: Globally, the case fatality ratio is more in males versus females. Some studies have suggested estrogen hormone decreases susceptibility to SARS CoV-2. We have analyzed the observed sex differences in COVID-19 behavior in males and females and the clinical profiles of females of different age groups of COVID-19 patients and discussed their symptoms, laboratory evaluations, and associated comorbidities. Material and Methods: The patients were tested for COVID-19 through real-time RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) assay. The data obtained were studied for the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics from their medical records. Results: The mortality rate in females was 12.33% (36/292) whereas mortality in males was 19.63% (84/428). In between group analysis, 8.7% (14/161) of females died in the &lt;40 years age group versus 16.8% (22/131) in more than 40 years age group whereas in males, the mortality was 13.7% (21/153) in &lt;40 years versus 22.9%(63/275). The mortality rate in women older than 40 years was greater than mortality in younger females emphasizing the protection provided by estrogen hormone in them. The proportion of patients who expired due to COVID-19 significantly differs by age cutoff of 40 years, X2 (1, n = 428). The difference is statistically significant at P &lt; 0.05. Males more than 40 years are more likely to expire. Conclusion: Sex-related differences in coronavirus pandemic have been found pointing toward the protective role of estrogen hormone and other differences in immunological behavior in males and females. Downregulation of ACE2 expression, thereby reducing viral entry, might also be contributory to decreasing mortality in females.

Organophosphorus insecticides exposure and sex hormones in general U.S. population: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundEvidence showed organophosphorus (OPs) insecticide exposure is common in general population with endocrine-disrupting effects. However, the association between OPs metabolites and sex hormones remains unclear. ObjectiveTo investigate the association between OPs metabolites and sex hormones. MethodsData of 1438 participants from NHANES 2015–2016 was applied. Urinary OPs metabolites, dialkyl phosphates (DAPs), and serum sex hormones (total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)) were measured. Free androgen index (FAI) and TT/E2 ratio were also calculated. The generalized linear regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were employed to evaluate the association and exposure-response curve of DAPs and sex hormones in males and females. The modulation effect of age on their associations in female participants was also explored. ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, DETP was negatively associated with E2 (β = −0.03; 95% CI: −0.05, −0.01) and FAI (β = −0.03; 95% CI: −0.06, −0.001) in males. In females, all the four DAP metabolites (DMP, DEP, DMTP, and DETP) were negatively associated with FAI (DMP: β = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.11, −0.01; DEP: β = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.12, −0.01; DMTP: −0.05, 95% CI: −0.09, −0.02; DETP: −0.09, 95% CI: −0.14, −0.04). DETP was also found negatively associated with TT and TT/E2 ratio in females. The associations between DETP and TT, FAI, and TT/E2 ratio were modified by gender (Pinteraction<0.05). RCS analysis found these associations were in linear decreased exposure-response curves. For females of different age groups, the inverse associations of DETP with TT and FAI remained stable. Decreased FAI with DMP and DMTP was also found in females ≤50 years old. ConclusionsOur study indicates OPs metabolites had negative associations with androgen indicators, which was characterized as decreased FAI and E2 in males and decreased TT, FAI, and TT/E2 ratio in females, particularly among females ≤50 years old. Further studies are warranted in larger-scale populations.

Comparative Study of Bilateral Symmetry in Dermatoglyphic Patterns with reference to Geographical Parameters

Introduction: The personal identification is reliable tool for both legal and societal motives in forensic discipline. The utmost conventional manner of identification of individuals is based on the fingerprints. The present study has been carried out on 200 subjects, 100 males and 100 females of different age groups belonging to range from 18-55 years of Jammu and Kashmir and Gujarat population to compare the differences in bilateral symmetry in dermatoglyphic patterns along with frequency distribution of patterns with reference to the geographical locations. The research recommends that there are significant differences in bilateral symmetry and fingerprint patterns between males and females within the two populations and significant differences are observed between the two populations. The predominant fingerprint pattern was Ulnar loop, followed by Whorl in both Jammu and Kashmir and Gujarat state. Moreover, it was observed that maximum inhabitants have 80% of Bilateral Symmetry in (40%) of the two populations followed by 100% (26%) of both Jammu and Kashmir and Gujarat populations.

Association of Serum Ferritin and Hematological Parameters in Investigation of Iron Deficiency Anemia

Objective: To find out a correlation between serum ferritin and hematological parameters and age of patients visiting National Institute of Health, and also to establish the role of this biochemical indicator in the diagnosis of IDA. Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Endocrinology and Special Chemistry Department of PHLD, National Institute of Health Islamabad from July 2019 to December 2020. A total of 235 patients including males and females of different age groups, manifesting anemic clinical history, diminished hematological parameters and showing microcytic hypochromic blood film, were selected for the study. Sysmex K-1000 auto analyzer and Roche Elecsys 2010 immunoassay analyzer were used for the measurements of various hematological parameters and ferritin respectively. Stained blood films were also prepared to examine red blood cell morphology and their staining pattern. Results: Serum ferritin results were statistically analyzed against Hb and other hematological parameters. Significant correlation (P &gt; 0.05) was observed in low serum ferritin groups with iron deficiency anemia of both males and females. However, this correlation was not observed in normal and high ferritin groups of both genders. Also low serum ferritin levels did not show any strong correlation with the age of the patients. Similarly, it was also found that when serum ferritin significantly varies from subnormal values towards normal or above normal levels, a significant difference results in Hb levels accordingly and more or less in other hematological parameters, indicating a strong interdependence. No such relationship in serum ferritin and age of the patient was observed. The results were also supported by hypochromic, microcytic blood picture and by investigating clinical history of the patient. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia can be treated and cured with proper diagnosis, diet and treatment. Therefore, to investigate and differentiate iron deficiency anemia among other different types of anemias, serum ferritin determination is decisive in diagnosis as it decreases only in this type of anemia as is established in the study conducted.

Ovarian Tumours: Discordance between Clinical and Radiological Findings: A Case Series.

The five major types of ovarian tumors in females of different age groups are discussed here with respect to discordance between ultrasonography, clinical features and histopathology findings. The importance of clinical examination cannot be denied in such cases as total dependence on investigation modalities may lead to wrong diagnosis and treatment. Five such cases admitted in the year 2017-2018 at Era's Lucknow medical college and hospital were selected for this series. All the cases had varied presentation, and diagnosis in each case was difficult as the nature of the masses differed markedly from the radiological findings. Even in expert hands, a radiological conclusion must go hand in hand with a proper clinical correlation.