Female White Rats Research Articles

Combined anti-mediator therapy for severe destructive forms of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats

Introduction: Inflammatory mediators play a major role in pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis with TNF (tumor necro­sis factor) as the most important one. Development of effective combined therapy could help to decrease tissue damage, improve results and, finally, diminish the mortality rate in this severe pathology.
 Materials and methods: All the studies were performed on 120 female white Wistar rats, weighing 250±25g. Acute pancreatitis reproduced by an intracanalicular injection of bile salts compound.
 Results and discussion: The data obtained in the course of the study on the pronounced pancreatoprotective effect of infliximab are explained by its key role in the onset of the systemic inflammatory response, and, therefore, with the blockade of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the early stages, there is no pronounced secondary damage to the pancreas, which is reflected in a significant decrease in edema from 4.87±0.03 in the model up to 2.75±0.04, and as a conse­quence, an improvement in the blood supply of the acinar tissue from 182.38±15.92 PU up to 287.92±14.64 PU, which is expressed in a decrease in the zones of necrosis and in a decrease in mortality and, finally, efficiency coefficient from 13480.000 to 4283.348. A selective blocker of cysteinyl leukotrienes has a less pronounced protective reaction against damage to pancreatocytes, but to a much greater extent than octreotide. That is expressed by changes in the efficiency coefficient to the level of 8621.18 in montelukast group and 12767.30 in octreotide group, respectively. On the other hand, the effect of the use of infliximab does not surpass that of montelukast, and their combined use has a pronounced additive effect, which is proved by the efficiency coefficient at the level of 2390.33. This reaction is explained by the fact that TNF alpha-mediated pathway of activation of leukotriene biosynthesis is the main, but not the only one.
 Conclusion: The combined anti-mediator therapy provides a great opportunity to improve the standard therapy of acute pancreatitis.

The effect of anthocyanin of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea Batatas L) on cervical malondialdehyde levels of female rats (Rattus Norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke

Cigarette smoke contains oxidants that generate the production of free radicals. Free radical is a form of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). However, an increase in ROS production will cause an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress will induce lipid peroxidation, measurable by malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Anthocyanin is an exogenic antioxidant able to inhibit ROS. This study aimed to prove the effect of anthocyanin obtained from purple sweet potato to decrease MDA concentration in the cervix uterine of female rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. This study was an experimental study with a Randomized Post Test Only Control Group Design on 30 white female rats weighing 150-200 grams and aged 1.5-2 months, divided into 2 control groups and 3 treatment groups. One group was exposed to cigarette smoke (2 cigarettes/day) for 8 weeks without anthocyanine as the positive control group, and one group was not exposed to either cigarette smoke or anthocyanin as the negative control group. The 3 treatment groups received cigarette smoke exposure (2 cigarettes/day) and were given anthocyanin with a dosage of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day, respectively, for 8 weeks. The concentration of cervical MDA was measured by the spectrophotometric method. The result showed a significant difference in MDA concentration between the positive control and the negative control groups with a P<0.05. There was no significant difference between the 20 and 40 mg/kg treated groups compared to the positive control group. The 80 mg/kg anthocyanin-treated group showed a significant difference in MDA cervix uterine concentration compared to the positive control group with a P<0.05.

Histological study for the effect of sesame oil on liver and kidney in female albino rats

The current study was conducted to find out the effect of sesame oil on white female rats by studying changes in the histological structure of the liver and kidneys. The study included 20 animals divided into 4 groups; each group included 5 animals dosed with different doses volume (0.5'0.8' 1 ml)/kg. The period of dosing was for a month between one day and another. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the tissue of the liver and kidney was taken and preserved with (10% formalin) for histological procedure, Histologically results showed that sesame oil had a safety effect on both tissues, and the result was very similar to the normal tissue.

Sex dependence of hypothyroidism on malignant tumor growth.

e23558 Background: Experimental data showed proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) on cancer cells which regulate gene expression and stimulate estrogen-like effects. The purpose of the study was to analyze effects of hypothyroidism on the development of malignant tumors in male and female rats. Methods: Female (n = 15) and male (n = 15) white outbred rats weighing 150 g and more received mercazolil (2.5 mg/100 g of weight) daily for 30 days (total dose of 75 mg/100 g of weight). Blood levels of T3, T4 and TSH were measured in all animals. When persistent hypothyroidism was observed, Guerin's carcinoma (GC, group 1) and sarcoma 45 (S45, group 2) were inoculated at a dose of 2 million cells in 0.5 ml of saline under the skin of the back to animals of both genders. The control group included rats of both genders with subcutaneous inoculation of Guerin's carcinoma and sarcoma-45 in the same dosage and volume but without preliminary reproduction of the hypothyroidism model. Results: Average tumor volumes in females with GC and hypothyroidism were less than in animals of the control group: after 4 days by 1.3 times (p < 0.05), after 7 and 10 days by 1.4 times (p < 0.05), after 14 days by 1.5 times (p < 0.05), after 18 days by 1.3 times (p < 0.05), and after 21 days by 1.4 times (p < 0.05). The survival of female rats in the main group was 1.6 times higher (p < 0.05) than in rats of the control group. Average tumor volumes in females with S45 and hypothyroidism were less than in animals of the control group: after 4 days by 1.4 times (p < 0.05), after 7 and 10 days by 1.6 and 3.2 times (p < 0.05), after 14 days by 3.9 times, and after 18 days by 4.8 times. The survival of female rats in the main group was 1.8 times higher (p < 0.05) than in rats of the control group. Average tumor volumes in males of the main group with GC and hypothyroidism after 18 and 21 days were similar to the values in animals of the control group. Their survival did not differ from the survival of control males. Average tumor volumes in males of the main group with S45 and hypothyroidism after 10 and 21 days were similar to the values in animals of the control group. Their survival did not differ from the survival of control males. Conclusions: Hypothyroidism in female rats with GC and S45 inhibited the growth of malignant tumors and improved the survival of animals, while in males no such inhibiting effect was observed.

Development of Dihydroquercetin-based Oral tablets and Evalution of the General Toxic Effect

Development of Dihydroquercetin-based Oral tablets and Evalution of the General Toxic Effect

Effect of sesame oil on some blood parameters and antioxidants in ovariectomized female white rats

This study was conducted to find out the physiological effect of sesame seed oil (Sesamum indicum) in the case of oral treatment on post-menopause and the occurrence of surgical menopause as a result of the removal of the ovaries, by studying the changes in some blood parameters and some antioxidants in the serum of adult female rat pupae. White (Albino Rats), 15 adult rats about three months old, with weights ranging between 160-180 g, were used. The animals were randomly divided into three groups, five animals per group. The first group represented the negative control, which was normal without removing the ovaries, the second represented the positive control in which the ovaries were completely removed, and the third group had the ovaries completely removed and treated orally with sesame oil at a concentration of 4 ml/kg of body weight per day for a period of 30 days.

KEBO LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT (Euphorbia hirta L.) ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS IN FEMALE WHITE RATS DETERMINED USING ARTIFICIAL UDEMA METHOD

An ordinary protective reaction to tissue damage brought on by physical trauma, chemical agents, or harmful microbiological agents is inflammation. The kebo excerpt plant has significant amounts of flavonoids, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study used the artificial udema method to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of Kebo Petikan leaves (Euphorbia hirta L.) ethanol extract in female white rats. This study applied a subcutaneous 1% carrageenine inducer as an anti-inflammatory drug on the soles of rats' feet. Following the injection of the test material at doses of 26 mg, 52 mg, and 104 mg, a decrease in volume was the metric that was observed. The results of the study showed the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract of kebo petikan leaves at a dose of 26 mg/5ml had a strength of 32.3%, a dose of 52 mg/5ml had a strength of 78.48 %, and a dose of 104 mg/5ml had a strength of 91.46% compared to drugs.

Вплив солей кадмію на морфометричні показники яєчників щурів в експерименті

The purpose of the study was to experimentally study and compare the morphometric parameters of the ovaries of rats against the background of exposure to chloride and cadmium citrate during 13 or 20 days of gestation. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 60 adult white female Wistar rats weighing 170–200 g, divided into 3 groups, depending on the intragastric administration of solutions of the studied metals – rats receiving cadmium chloride at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg – Group 1 (n females = 20); cadmium citrate at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg – Group 2 (n females = 20), Group 3 – control (n females = 20) – a proportional volume of sterile saline in the same way. In each experimental group, the females were divided into 2 subgroups of 10 animals each, depending on the duration of the administration of the test substances (13 or 20 days), the possible effect of which on the morphometric parameters of the ovaries was determined by the change in the average absolute and relative weight, volume, specific gravity and number of corpus luteum in the ovaries. Results and discussion. It was established that under the action of cadmium salts (chloride and citrate) the weight indices of rats of the experimental groups decreased by 4.2%-8.9% relative to the control group. In the cadmium chloride exposure group, the indicators of absolute mass, relative mass and volume of the ovaries increased as on the 13th day by 7.1%; 14.4%; 14.6%, and on the 20th day by 9.3%; 15.0%; 5.2% respectively. The same trend was observed in the group of action of cadmium citrate: the listed indicators increased by 3.2% on the 13th day of gestation by 12.0%; 5.63%, and on the 20th day by 3.7%; 5.4%; 13.9%, respectively, which is presumably due to edema and hypertrophy. When analyzing the specific gravity of the ovaries – an integral indicator that reflects the mass, linear dimensions and volume of organs, it was found that on the 13th day of gestation, both under the action of cadmium chloride and cadmium citrate, this indicator decreased by 3.12% (D No.1) and 2.08% (D No.2). On the 20th day of pregnancy in the experimental group No. 1, this indicator decreased by 1.03%, while in the experimental group No. 2 it increased by 2.1%, which indicates the compaction of the organ. The analysis of the obtained results showed that on the 13th day of gestation, the lowest average value of the number of corpus luteum per 1 female was observed in the group exposed to cadmium chloride and amounted to 10.00±0.27, the highest one was in the control group on the 20th day and amounted to 11.00±0.71. Conclusion. The results obtained demonstrate changes in the morphometric parameters of the ovaries of pregnant female rats with intragastric administration of cadmium chloride and cadmium citrate to Wistar rats at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg (in terms of metal), and are expressed in an increase in absolute and relative weight and indicate the toxic effect of the studied substances on the gonads of experimental animals

Impact of Sesamum indicum oil on the heamatologycal parametrers on albino mice

The current study was conducted to find out the effect of sesame oil on white female rats by studying some biochemical parameters that included vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcium ion. The study included 35 animals divided into two main groups divided into groups, each group included 5 animals dosed with different doses 0.5'0.8' 1 ml. The period of dosing was for a month between one day and one day. After the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the serum was obtained. A significant increase in the volume of vitamin D (13.21±0.312, 16.01± 0.51, 19.51±0.78) (ng/dl) respectively compared with control group (9.739±0.096) (ng/dl) and a decrease in parathyroid hormone (0.101± 0. 001, 0.086± 0. 002 , 0.074± 0.002) (ng/dl) respectively compared with control group (0. 112± 0.002) (ng/dl), which caused an increase in calcium ion (9.85±0.206, 10.948±0.178, 12.62±0.158) mg/dL respectively compared with control group (8.7±0.063) mg/dL, was shown.

Changes in the Deformability and Resistance of Erythrocyte Membranes under the Action of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Derivatives in the Offspring of Rats with Experimental Preeclampsia

INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia is a severe complication of pregnancy associated with the negative consequences for the mother and child. Such complications can be a reduction in the resistance of erythrocyte membranes to damaging agents and alteration of rheological properties of the blood in offspring. Promising compounds for the correction of these negative consequences of preeclampsia are gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives, which showed membraneprotective, antioxidant, and antihypoxic effects in previous studies.
 AIM: To evaluate the effect of GABA derivatives Succicard (4-phenylpiracetam and ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, 2:1), Salifen (4-amino-3-phenylbutanoic acid and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2:1), and Phenibut (aminophenylbutyric acid) on the deformability and resistance of erythrocyte membranes in 8- and 14-month-old offspring of rats with experimental preeclampsia (EP).
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved offspring (male and female) of white non-inbred female rats with a normal pregnancy and EP that was modeled by replacement of drinking water with a 1.8% sodium chloride solution during gestation (121 days). For 30 days (from day 40 to day 70 of life), pup rats intragastrically received Succicard (22 mg/kg), Salifen (7.5 mg/kg), and Phenibut (25 mg/kg), along with a comparison drug Pantogam (calcium gopantenate) (50 mg/day) once a day. The offspring of the positive and negative control groups were injected with distilled water in a similar mode. In offspring aged 8 and 14 months, the resistance of erythrocyte membranes to the action of hydrochloric acid and their deformability were determined.
 RESULTS: In 8-month-old male offspring of rats with EP, a shorter time of achievement of half the maximal amplitude of erythrogram was noted in acid hemolysis relative to the positive control group, and the erythrocyte elongation index was reduced. Relative to the negative control group, Succicard, Salifen, Phenibut, and Pantogam promoted the prolongation of hemolysis and the erythrocyte elongation index in 8-month-old male rats in the experimental groups. In 14-month-old male and female rats of different ages, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups.
 CONCLUSION: Changes in the stiffness and strength of erythrocyte membranes were noted only in male offspring of rats with EP. Succicard, Salifen, Phenibut, and Pantogam produced membrane-protective effects on the erythrocytes of 8-month-old male rats of the experimental groups.

Effects of Ovariectomy and Dieting with Nano Calcium Phosphate on Bone Quality in White Rats Rattus norvegicus

Calcium supplements are widely used to prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis and can be used as a treatment along with other drugs. The effect of this supplement can be seen from the improved bone quality. The focus in this study was to analyze the quality of femur bone based on the mineral maturity and the degree of crystallinity from ovariectomized Rattus norvegicus where the treatment of various nano calcium phosphate diets (1.0×; 1.5× and 2.0× normal needs, respectively called A, B and C diets) also given. In the amount of 40 white female rats age 12 weeks were ovariectomized and 5 sham rats were nurtured. The group of sham was given euthanasia treatment at age 13 weeks, while ovariectomized group was treated euthanasia at age 17 and 21 weeks. At the age of 25 weeks after ovariectomy, the rats were treated with a nano calcium phosphate diet where analysis was performed when they were 31 and 40 weeks old. In each harvest, proximal femur part was collected and characterized by using FTIR Spectroscopy. Rat bone quality shows osteoporosis trait for the first time at age 21 weeks or after 9 weeks of ovariectomy with the mineral maturity and degree of crystallinity decreased in the amount of 1.16 and 2.27 %, respectively compared to femur bone from sham rat group. The dietary treatment study conducted showed that the group of rats fed the A diet had not a significant changes (p < 0.05) in the mineral maturity and the degree of crystallinity, while giving B or C diet had a significant increase in the mineral maturity at 40 weeks of age or after 15 weeks on a diet. The increase in the degree of crystallinity of the rats fed B diet (6 weeks) was faster than the group fed C diet (15 weeks). Therefore, diet B is recommended because it is more efficient and effective based on the time it increases the degree of crystallinity and the cost of producing the diet.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Ovariectomy is one of the treatments that can condition the bones of rats to have osteoporosis. One of the bone parts of rats that are often affected by osteoporosis is the femur
 Bones of rats that have osteoporosis can be restored by giving a nano calcium phosphate diet
 Parameters that can be analyzed regarding the decline and improvement of bone quality include mineral maturity and the degree of crystallinity. Assessment of these parameters can be done using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

EFFECTS OF LOCAL ANASTESI USING LIDOCAIN OINTMENT ON WHITE RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of drug administration, namely lidocaine ointment on male and female white rats (Rattus Norvegicus) as well as to see the comparison of water samples given to experimental animals and lidocaine ointment given to experimental animals and see the effects that occur when lidocaine ointment is given to the experimental animals. experimental animal.
 The method used is a laboratory experimental method using 20 experimental male and female white rats which were divided into 2 groups, namely the male and female rats. cold, hot sensation of pain sensation and touch sensation in the observation period.
 The results showed that lidocaine ointment smeared on the left arm on white rats had a smaller number of sensation responses than any given stimulus. This shows that lidocaine ointment has the effectiveness of local anesthesia while water does not have a local anesthetic effect because the nerves in the arm are still able to respond well to the stimuli given.

НИЗКОИНТЕНСИВНОЕ ЛАЗЕРНОЕ ОБЛУЧЕНИЕ КРОВИ И ЕГО ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ДЛЯ КОРРЕКЦИИ НАРУШЕНИЙ СИСТЕМЫ ГОМЕОСТАЗА У БЕРЕМЕННЫХ КРЫС С ТЕРМИЧЕСКИМИ ОЖОГАМИ КОЖИ

Background. Treatment of burn injuries is one of the most acute and urgent problems of combustiology, despite all the achievements of modern medicine. With skin burns, multiple systemic changes occur that require special attention and new approaches. Low-intensity laser blood irradiation is a highly effective method of non-pharmacological corrective effect on the homeostasis system of burned patients, but remains unexplored in pregnant women with thermal skin burns. The aim of the research. To evaluate the effectiveness of low-intensity laser blood irradiation for the correction of disorders of the homeostasis system in pregnant rats with thermal skin burns. Material and methods. An experimental study was carried out on 81 female outbred white rats weighing 200-250 g, which were divided into three groups. The control group consisted of pregnant intact rats, the first experimental group - rats with thermal skin burns in the early period of pregnancy, the second experimental group - rats with thermal skin burns in the early period of pregnancy, which underwent low-intensity laser blood irradiation. The oxygen transport function of blood, acid-base status and basic biochemical parameters of blood were studied. Results. Thermal burns of the skin in rats in the early period of pregnancy are accompanied by a deterioration in the oxygen transport function of the blood (a decrease in PO2 and SO2 values, a decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen) and the development of metabolic acidosis, as well as the presence of endogenous intoxication (an increase in the concentration of urea and creatinine, an increase in the level of liver enzymes). The use of low-intensity laser irradiation of blood makes it possible to improve homeostasis indices in a shorter time. Conclusions. Low-intensity laser irradiation of blood improves the main indicators of the oxygen transport function of the blood and reduces the level of endogenous intoxication during skin burns in rats in the early period of pregnancy.

397 Application of cabergoline and celecoxib at experimental endometriosis

Introduction: VEGF plays an important role in development of endometriosis, causing the angiogenesis of endometrioid heterotopia. We aimed to compare experimentally the effectiveness of the drugs which inhibit the activity of VEGF in treatment of endometriosis. Methods: 80 non-linear white female rats of Rattus Norvegicus Wistar were included in the experiment. The induction of endometriosis was performed by means of surgical implantation of the autologous fragment of the uterus with the estradiol support (0.03 mg/kg, 26 days).

Hematological Parameters in Subchronic Toxicity Test of Black Garlic Ethanol Extract in Rats

The community has used black garlic since ancient times for hypercholesterolemic. Until now, people still consume both raw and cooked black garlic. Black garlic is included in processed garlic products. People on the Asian continent have used black garlic for the past 10 years. This study aims to determine the sub-chronic toxic effect of black garlic ethanol extract on male and female white rats using hematological parameters consisting of hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. This research method was a completely randomized design with the administration of ethanolic extract of black garlic to rats in 5 treatment groups, including a negative control group, a dose group of 1000 mg/kg BW, a dose group of 2000 mg/kg BW, a negative control satellite group and a satellite group with a dose of 2000 mg/kg BW. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence level and SPSS version 20. The study results of black garlic ethanol extract showed no significant effect or were at normal levels on hematological parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of black garlic is safe for human use as a treatment for hypercholesterolemia.

Cytopathological characteristics for provoked lesions of squamous epithelia of digestive system in animal models

Purpose of the study. Investigation of morphological characteristics of changes in the epithelium of foregut in experimental animals put under conditions of provoked carcinogenesis.Materials and methods. The method of chronic experiment on animals is applied: 40 female non-linear white rats, which are divided into 4 equal groups (n = 10). The first (I) and second (II) control groups of animals were exposed to mechanical trauma of the oral mucosa with additional application of 0.9 % NaCl solution and 1 % aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution with a frequency of 2 times a week. The third group of animals, i.e. the main group (4-NQO), was subjected to mechanical traumatization of the oral mucosa with additional application of 1 % DMSO aqueous solution containing 0.1 mg/ml of 4 nitroquinoline-N-oxide, with a frequency of 2 times a week. The fourth group of animals was intact. On the 1st, 7th, 10th, 14th day from the beginning of the experiment, and then every 14 days, cytological material was taken from the oral mucosa and stained with Papanicolaou stain. To compare the emerging changes, the histological picture of the organs of the foregut was studied.Results. Animals from the main group (4-NQO) showed a lag in body weight gain over the standard variance in the control (I and II) and intact groups. Atypical cells of indeterminate significance appeared in smears starting from 42 days of the experiment. Starting from the 56th day of the experiment, atypical cells (1–2 in the field of view), described in Bethesda terms as low-grade intraepithelial lesions, were detected in smears obtained from the main group of animals (4-NQO). Parabasal cells of the squamous epithelium with atypical large (more than 3 times compared to the reference) nuclei, anisonucleosis, with variable contours of the nuclear membrane within one cell, coarse chromatin were recognized as diagnostically significant.Conclusion. The severity of morphological changes in foregut epithelium in the direction of the precancerous state is significantly higher in the main group with prolonged exposure to carcinogenic factor, compared with the control and intact groups (р < 0.05). Thus, the effectiveness of modeling the conditions of provocation of carcinogenesis of the epithelium of the upper digestive tube in experimental animals was studied and proved by mechanical traumatization of the oral mucosa with additional application of carcinogen (4-NQO). This model of provocation of carcinogenesis will be used in the next study of neoplastic processes of the female reproductive system.

The impact of diabetes mellitus on levels of sex hormones and their receptors in tumor tissues in female rats with Guerin’s carcinoma

Purpose of the study. Analysis of the effect of DM on levels of sex hormones and their receptors in tumor and perifocal tissues in outbred white female rats.Materials and methods. Outbred white female rats were divided into 2 groups, 18 rats each: control group – with transplantable Guerin’s carcinoma, main group – with transplantable Guerin’s carcinoma growing in presence of DM. DM was reproduces in animals by the single intraperitoneal alloxan injection (150 mg/kg body weight). Animals were killed after 10 days of the tumor growth. Levels of hormones (estradiol, testosterone, progesterone and prolactin) and their receptors (RЕα, RЕβ, RA and RP4) were measured by ELISA in tumor and perifocal tissues in animals of the control and main groups.Results. Female rats with Guerin’s carcinoma growing in presence of DM showed an increase in glucose in tumor and perifocal tissues by 1.8 times (р < 0.05) and 7.6 times, respectively, compared to the levels in the control group. Levels of E2 were increased, respectively, by 2.4 and 9.5 times; P4 – by 2.1 and 3.0 times; PRL – by 2.7 and 4.4 times. T was increased in perifocal tissues by 2.2 times and was unchanged in tumor tissues. RЕα and RP4 were elevated by 3.9 and 3.0 times, respectively, only in tumor tissues, and RA by 3.9 times only in perifocal tissues. The REα/RЕβ ratio was increased only in the tumor by 3.2 times. The Е2/RЕβ ratio was increased in tumor and perifocal tissues by 2.0 and 9.6 times, respectively. The T/RA ratio was decreased in the tumor and its perifocal area by 1.4 (р < 0.05) and 2.0 times, respectively. The opposite changes were observed in the Е2/RЕα and P4/RP4 ratios: a decrease in the tumor by 1.6 and 1.4 times, respectively (р < 0.05), and an increase in the perifocal area by 9.8 and 2.5 times, respectively.Conclusion. Female rats with Guerin’s carcinoma growing in presence of DM demonstrated local hyperglycemia, changes in the levels of sex steroids and a misbalance in their receptors in tumor and perifocal tissues causing active metastasis and reduced average survival of animals.

The effect of black rice (Oryza sativa L. Indica) extract to increase estrogen hormone on pre-menopause of female white rats (Rattus norvegicus)

The study aimed to determine the estrogenic activity of extracting ethanol from black rice (Oryza Sativa L. Indica) in pre-menopausal female white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Adaptation was carried out on 20 female rats (Rattus norvegicus) experimental rats for one week with a body weight of about 200-250 g. After one week, the experimental rats were divided into five treatment groups, with each group consisting of 4 rats. The positive control group (P1) was given Ethinyl estradiol orally at a dose of 9×10-3 mg/ 200g BB in CMC-Na 1% as much as 3 mL. The negative control group (P2) was given orally CMC-Na 1% / 200g BW as 3 mL. Test Group I (P3) were given orally an extract of Black Glutinous Rice mixed with ethanolic basil leaves 96% with a dose equivalent to 1 mL of thick extract in an amount of 0.8g/200g BW in 1% CMC-Na as much as 3 mL. Test Group II (P4) was given an extract of the ethanol substance in Black Rice with a dose equivalent to 2 mL of thick extract in 1.6g/200g BW in 3 mL of 1% CMC-Na orally. Test Group III (P5) was given orally Black Glutinous Rice in a dose equivalent to 4 mL of thick extract in 3.2g/200g BB in CMC-Na 1% as much as 3 mL. The treatments were carried out orally for one estrous cycle begins during the estrus phase. Uniformity during the estrus phase was carried out using the Whitten-Method Effect. It aims to observe changes in the vagina to determine the estrus cycle by placing the male rat cage on top of the female rat cage. Conclusions from the results of this study show that the Black Glutinous Rice (Oryza Sativa L. Indica) extract treatment can increase the estrogenic activity of white rats pre-menopausal females (Rattus norvegicus). A 0.8g/200g BW dose can prolong the estrus cycle and increase vascularity and ovarian weight compared to the negative control (CMC-Na1%). The treatment with the lowest concentration was equivalent to the positive control of Ethinyl estradiol (9x10-3mg/200g BW). This test indicates that giving 96% ethanol extract of Black Glutinous Rice causes an increase in the hormone estrogen in the estrus phase, which tends to prolong the estrus cycle.

ASSESSMENT OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF THE DRUG INTERAMIN WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF PRECLINICAL TRIALS

The article describes the results of an experimental study of the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of the new combination drug interamin. The analysis of the data obtained indicates the absence of any negative effect on female white rats during the entire pregnancy when administered at the studied doses (0.1 ml/kg and 1.0 ml/kg), absence of induction of pre- and post-implantation death, total embryonic mortality, pathologies of organogenesis and development of the fetal skeletal system, disorders of postnatal development of newborn animals. Based on this, no signs of embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of interamin were detected.

Synergistic Effect of Quercetin Magnetite Nanoparticles and Targeted Radiotherapy in Treatment of Breast Cancer.

Quercetin is a potent cancer therapeutic agent present in fruits and vegetables. The pharmaceutical uses of quercetin are limited due to many problems associated with low solubility, bioavailability, permeability, and instability. In addition, the high doses of quercetin show toxic effects in clinical and experimental studies. Therefore, a new strategy is warranted to overcome these problems without the use of toxic doses. The iron oxide nanoparticles can be used as a drug delivery system. This study aimed to prepare quercetin-conjugated magnetite nanoparticles (QMNPs) using biological simple nanoprecipitation and mediated by fungus Aspergillus oryzae. Also, we initiated in vitro and in vivo studies to determine whether QMNPs might sensitize breast cancer to radiotherapy treatment. The structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of the prepared nanoparticles were studied. The results indicated that QMNPs were spherical in shape and 40 nm in diameter. The in vitro studies showed that the incubation of MCF-7, HePG-2, and A459 cancer cells with QMNPs for 24 h effectively inhibited the growth of cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 11, 77.5, and104 nmol/mL, respectively. The combination of QMNPs with irradiation (IR) potently blocked MCF-7 cancer cell proliferation and showed significant changes in the morphology of these cells as observed by bright-field inverted light microscopy. Focusing on the long-term toxicity of QMNPs (20 ml/kg), the assessment of hematological, hepatic, and renal markers indicated no toxic effect. Besides, QMNPs inhibited tumor growth and potently enhanced the lateral radiotherapy treatment in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced breast cancer in female white albino rats. These anticancer and radiosensitizing activities were ascribed to cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, immunomodulation, and efficiency through induction of apoptosis. In a conclusion, these observations suggest that the QMNPs combined with LRT could act as a potential targeted therapy in breast cancer.