Female Volleyball Athletes Research Articles

The acute effect of verbal instructions on performance and landing when dropping from different heights: the ground reaction force-time profile of drop vertical jumps in female volleyball athletes

The acute effect of verbal instructions on performance and landing when dropping from different heights: the ground reaction force-time profile of drop vertical jumps in female volleyball athletes

Trunk and shoulder strength and mobility in young female volleyball and handball athletes

IntroductionVolleyball and handball have typical overhead throwing motion that can generate adaptations in the athlete's kinetic chain predisposing to injuries and pain. Considering the importance of the trunk and shoulder in overhead throwing motion and the particularities of these action in different sports, this study aimed to compare the trunk and shoulder muscle strength and mobility in young female volleyball and handball athletes. DesignCross-sectional study with 70 female volleyball and handball athletes between 13 and 18 years old. MethodsShoulder rotators, trunk extension and flexion with rotation strength was measured with a handheld dynamometer (MicroFET 2, Hoogan Health Industries, West Jordan, UT, USA). Shoulder and trunk range of motion was measured with a digital inclinometer (Acummar – model ACU001). Total range of motion deficit (TROM deficit), glenohumeral internal and external rotation of dominant (DOM) and non-dominant (NDOM) shoulder were also calculated. ResultsHandball athletes presented greater muscle strength of trunk flexors/rotators (DOM: 24.96%, effect size: 0.687; NDOM, 31.83%, effect size: 0.798) and dominant shoulder internal rotators (16.65%, effect size: 0.619). The groups showed no difference for trunk and shoulder range of motion and external rotators strength. A TROM (volleyball: 48%, handball: 35%) and a glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (volleyball: 28%, handball: 29%) was found in both groups. ConclusionsYoung female handball athletes have greater strength of trunk flexors/rotators and dominant shoulder internal rotators compared to volleyball athletes. These differences may be related to the different demands required in the movement of these sports.

The Effect of Life Kinetic Number Training on the Concentration Level of Female Volleyball Athletes Aged 13-15 Years

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of life kinetic number training on the concentration level of female volleyball athletes aged 13-15 years. This study used an experimental method with a one group pretest-postest design. The sample in this study amounted to 22 athletes, which was taken through purposive sampling techniques. Data collection techniques in this study are tests and measurements. The instrument in this study uses a concentration test, namely the concentration grid test. The data analysis technique uses a t test (Paired Sample Test) which is analyzed using SPSS 25. The results of this study showed that the calculated t value of 13.791 was greater than the table t of 2.080, and the paired sample t test showed that the result of Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 was less than 0.05 which means that there was a significant influence between life kinetic number training on the concentration level of female volleyball athletes aged 13-15 years. So it can be concluded in this study that life kinetic number training is one of the most effective exercise models in order to increase the concentration of female volleyball athletes aged 13-15. Keywords: kinetic life, concentration, volleyball.

Effect of ball positions on trunk, hip, knee, and ankle joint kinematics and kinetics during a spike jump in volleyball

BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament injuries are serious conditions encountered in volleyball players and occur frequently during spike jump landings. During spike jumps, the lower limb kinematics and kinetics during landing may be altered in relation to the ball position. Research questionDoes the ball position have an effect on lower-limb kinematics and kinetics during spike jumps? MethodsWe measured the lower limb kinematics and kinetics of 20 healthy female college volleyball athletes during a spike jump using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. The ball positions were set to normal, dominant, and non-dominant positions. A repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the lower limb kinematics and kinetics at the initial contact and the maximum knee flexion during jump landing. Additionally, statistical parametric mapping analysis was used to analyze changes over time during the spike jumps. ResultsAt the initial contact of the spike jump landing, the knee valgus angle, trunk lateral bending angle, and maximum knee valgus moment when the ball was set at the non-dominant position increased compared to those at the dominant position. Statistical parametric mapping analysis showed no significant change in knee valgus angle and moment of jump landing. ConclusionKnee valgus angle, trunk lateral bending angle, and maximum knee valgus moment increased with the non-dominant position; furthermore, the risk of ACL injury may also be increased. SignificanceThe posture at ball impact may influence the landing kinematics and kinetics. Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to movements during and prior to landing.

The Myometric Assessment of Achilles Tendon and Soleus Muscle Stiffness before and after a Standardized Exercise Test in Elite Female Volleyball and Handball Athletes-A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: The high prevalence of injuries in female athletes necessitates a course of action that not only enhances research in this field but also incorporates improved prevention programs and regular health monitoring of highly stressed structures such as tendons and muscles. Since myometry is already used by coaches and physiotherapists, it is important to investigate whether tissue stiffness varies in different types of sports, and whether such measures are affected by an acute training session. Methods: Myometric measurements of the Achilles tendon (AT) and soleus muscle (SM) were performed in the longitudinal plane and relaxed tendon position. In total, 38 healthy professional female athletes were examined, applying a quasi-experimental study design, with subgroup analysis performed for different sports. To investigate the stiffness of the AT and SM, 24 female handball and volleyball athletes performed a standardized maximal incremental performance test on a treadmill. In this subgroup, myometric measurements were taken before and after the exercise test. Results: The measurements showed no significant difference between the mean pre- (AT: 661.46 N/m; SM 441.48 N/m) and post-exercise stiffness (AT: 644.71 N/m; SM: 439.07 N/m). Subgroup analysis for different types of sports showed significantly lower AT and SM stiffness in swimming athletes compared to handball (p = 0.002), volleyball (p = 0.000) and hammer throw athletes (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Myometry can be performed on the same day as an acute training session in healthy female professional volleyball and handball athletes. Female swimmers have significantly lower AT and SM stiffness compared to female handball, volleyball and hammer throw athletes. These results show that the stiffness differences in the AT and SM can be assessed by myometry.

Analysis Level Physical Condition of Female Volleyball Athletes in Blitar City

This study aimed to analyze the physical condition of female volleyball athletes in Blitar City. A total of 50 athletes from various clubs and teams were assessed using a battery of physical fitness tests, including BMI, Strength, Endurance, Explosive power and Flexibility.The subjects of this research were 12 female athletes and received the same training program. Physical condition test for volleyball athletes based on BMI add up to 271.5 with an normal of 22.6 and ordinary category. Strength gets 551 comes about and an normal of 45.9 with the less category. Endurance is 380.6 with an normal of 31.7 and sufficient category. Explosive power totaled 589 with an normal of 49.1 within the adequate category. Flexibility totaled 493.4 with an normal of 41.1 and the category sufficient. BMI comes about get comes about with a rate of 58.3% within the typical category. Strength percentage is 41.6% within the less category. Continuance rate is 83.3% within the sufficient category. Explosive power comes about with a rate of 75% within the sufficient category. Flexibility with a rate of 66.6% within the sufficient category. Generally, the competitors appeared a moo level of physical wellness, with solid execution within the BMI, strength, flexibility, explosive power and endurance tests. In any case, there were varieties in execution levels among the competitors, demonstrating the require for individualized preparing programs.

Pengaruh Variasi Latihan Smash Bola Gantung Terhadap Ketepatan Smash Bola Voli Pada Atlet Remaja Putri Klub Poncogati Kabupaten Blitar

Volleyball is a fun and easy game to play together in a team. In the game of volleyball, players must understand four basic techniques: serve, passing, block, and smash. A very important basic technique in earning or scoring points is smash. This study aims to determine the effect of smash training using hanging balls on smash accuracy in female athletes at the Poncogati Club, Blitar Regency. The method used in this study is a quantitative method of experimentation with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design research design. The population and sample in this study were 21 junior high school students using the purposive sampling method, which means the entire population is taken randomly according to certain criteria. The data analysis techniques applied are descriptive analysis tests, hypothesis tests, and normality tests. The results of this study showed that the Sig.(2-tailed) value of 0.00 in the T test could be concluded that there was a significant influence between the variation of smash training using hanging balls on the accuracy of smashes in young female volleyball athletes of the Poncogati club.

Sports promote brain evolution: a resting-state fMRI study of volleyball athlete.

Long-term skill learning can lead to structure and function changes in the brain. Different sports can trigger neuroplasticity in distinct brain regions. Volleyball, as one of the most popular team sports, heavily relies on individual abilities such as perception and prediction for high-level athletes to excel. However, the specific brain mechanisms that contribute to the superior performance of volleyball athletes compared to non-athletes remain unclear. We conducted a study involving the recruitment of ten female volleyball athletes and ten regular female college students, forming the athlete and novice groups, respectively. Comprehensive behavioral assessments, including Functional Movement Screen and audio-visual reaction time tests, were administered to both groups. Additionally, resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired for both groups. Subsequently, we conducted in-depth analyses, focusing on the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC) in the brain for both the athlete and novice groups. No significant differences were observed in the behavioral data between the two groups. However, the athlete group exhibited noteworthy enhancements in both the ALFF and ReHo within the visual cortex compared to the novice group. Moreover, the functional connectivity between the visual cortex and key brain regions, including the left primary sensory cortex, left supplementary motor cortex, right insula, left superior temporal gyrus, and left inferior parietal lobule, was notably stronger in the athlete group than in the novice group. This study has unveiled the remarkable impact of volleyball athletes on various brain functions related to vision, movement, and cognition. It indicates that volleyball, as a team-based competitive activity, fosters the advancement of visual, cognitive, and motor skills. These findings lend additional support to the early cultivation of sports talents and the comprehensive development of adolescents. Furthermore, they offer fresh perspectives on preventing and treating movement-related disorders. Registration number: ChiCTR2400079602. Date of Registration: January 8, 2024.

Incidence of lower limb tendinopathy: A 3-year prospective study of a youth elite athletes in a Brazilian sport club

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to investigate lower limb tendinopathy incidence over 3 seasons in Brazilian youth elite athletes. DesignProspective epidemiological study. MethodsA prospective study was performed during 2015, 2016 and 2017 seasons, with a total of 1553 Brazilian youth athletes (1.195 male and 358 female) out of 6 sports (volleyball, basketball, judo, gymnastics, tennis and futsal). The mean age was 14.1 (11.2; 17.0) years, mean height was 1.75 (1.55; 1.95) meters and mean body mass was 59.4 (42.0; 76.4) kilograms. The diagnosis of lower limb tendinopathy (LLT) was made by an experienced sports physician based on a detailed history and clinical exam. The incidence of LLT was determined by number of injuries/total exposure hours x 1000. ResultsIn total, 100 LLT were recorded during the 3 seasons. The most frequent type of LLT was patellar (79%), adductor (12%) and Achilles (9%). The frequency of patellar tendinopathy was higher in male's volleyball, basketball and female volleyball (41%, 25%, 13%, respectively) and the frequency of Achilles tendinopathy was higher in basketball and female volleyball (33%,22%). The LLT incidence was 2.5/1000h in 2015, 4.2/1000h in 2016 and 2.1/1000h in 2017. ConclusionLower limb tendinopathies are relatively common in youth elite athletes. In 3-season, the most frequent type was patellar tendinopathy. A higher LLT incidence was observed in male volleyball athletes when compared to female volleyball athletes. Basketball athletes presented a higher frequency of patellar, adductor and Achilles tendinopathies in 3-seasons when compared to other sports.

Is there any correlation between anaerobic performance and vertical jump height in female volleyball athletes?

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the correlation of anaerobic power and capacity on vertical jump performance in female volleyball athletes. MethodsThirty-five female volleyball athletes who play at elite level, participated in the study voluntarily. Anaerobic power and capacity were measured by Wingate Anaerobic Performance Test, while vertical jump performance was measured by Optojump Photoelectric Cell System. Vertical jump performance was evaluated in two different jump positions as squat jump and countermovement jump. ResultsAs a result of the correlation analysis of the data obtained with the tests, no relationship was found between anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity with squat and countermovement jump (p > 0.05). However, there are not significant relationship between relative anaerobic power and capacity with squat and countermovement jump (p < 0.05). Also, there is a negative correlation between body mass index and squat jump (r = −0.454) and countermovement jump (r = −0.590). ConclusionsOur results revealed that while anaerobic power and capacity are not related to jump performance, relative anaerobic power and capacity are related to vertical jump performance.

A 2D video-based assessment is associated with 3D biomechanical contributors to dynamic knee valgus in the coronal plane.

Adolescent athletes involved in sports that involve cutting and landing maneuvers have an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, highlighting the importance of identifying risky movement patterns such as dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Qualitative movement screenings have explored two-dimensional (2D) scoring criteria for DKV, however, there remains limited data on the validity of these screening tools. Determining a 2D scoring criterion for DKV that closely aligns with three-dimensional (3D) biomechanical measures will allow for the identification of poor knee position in adolescent athletes on a broad scale. The purpose of this study was to establish a 2D scoring criterion that corresponds to 3D biomechanical measures of DKV. A total of 41 adolescent female club volleyball athletes performed a three-task movement screen consisting of a single-leg squat (SLS), single-leg drop landing (SLDL), and double-leg vertical jump (DLVJ). A single rater scored 2D videos of each task using four criteria for poor knee position. A motion capture system was used to calculate 3D joint angles, including pelvic obliquity, hip adduction, knee abduction, ankle eversion, and foot progression angle. Receiver operating characteristic curves were created for each 2D scoring criterion to determine cut points for the presence of movement faults, and areas under the curve (AUC) were computed to describe the accuracy of each 2D criterion compared to 3D biomechanical data. 3D measures indicated knee abduction angles between 2.4°-4.6° (SD 4.1°-4.3°) at the time point when the center of the knee joint was most medial during the three tasks. AUCs were between 0.62 and 0.93 across scoring items. The MEDIAL scoring item, defined as the knee joint positioned inside the medial border of the shoe, demonstrated the greatest association to components of DKV, with AUCs ranging from 0.67 to 0.93. The MEDIAL scoring criterion demonstrated the best performance in distinguishing components of DKV, specifically pelvic obliquity, hip adduction, ankle eversion, and foot progression. Along with the previously published scoring definitions for trunk-specific risk factors, the authors suggest that the MEDIAL criterion may be the most indicative of DKV, given an association with 3D biomechanical risk factors.

Diagnostic value of shear-wave elastography for patellar tendinopathy in female volleyball and basketball athletes: a cross sectional case control study

ABSTRACT Objectives We aim to investigate the accuracy of shear-wave elastography (SWE) in diagnosing patellar tendinopathy in female volleyball and basketball players. In addition, we compared different parts of the patellar tendon and investigated the effects of different knee angles on elastography measurements. Methods This cross-sectional case–control study evaluated 63 female athletes from professional basketball and volleyball teams (NCT06199583). Patellar tendinopathy diagnoses were made using clinical and ultrasonographic criteria. SWE measurements were taken at 30-degree knee flexion and extension. Rectangular regions of interest boxes were placed in three different parts of the tendon (proximal, middle, distal). The global SWE value was calculated by taking the mean of measurements in the three parts. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify significant cutoff points for SWE, and 2 × 2 tables were generated to determine sensitivity and specificity. Results Thirteen (20.6%) of the 63 athletes were diagnosed with patellar tendinopathy. The ROC curves have identified different cutoff scores for SWE measurements. The SWE score of 130.75 from the proximal part showed the highest sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 80% (p < 0.001) with a 4.45 likelihood ratio at the 30-degree knee flexion. The likelihood ratio is 1.5 at a 30-degree angle and 1.65 at a 0-degree angle when measuring the entire tendon, whereas other portions indicate a ratio ranging from 1.12 to 1.73. Conclusions Shear-wave elastography is a reliable evaluation method for diagnosing patellar tendinopathy. It has more accuracy when applied to the proximal part and at 30-degree knee flexion compared to measurements taken at knee extension and other parts of the tendon.

Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) Increases Jumping Power in Elite Female Volleyball Athletes.

This study investigated PAPE effects of two conditioning activities (CA) and recovery times on the peak jumping power (PP) of elite female volleyball athletes. Players performed CA separately: three sets of three repetitions of back squats with 85% of 1RM (BS) or one set of five depth drops (DD). PP was measured with countermovement (CMJ) and squat jumps (SJ) before (pre-test) and two minutes (post-test 1) and six hours (post-test 2) after each CA. BS significantly reduced PP at post-test 1 (CMJ and SJ: p < 0.04, d between -0.36 and -0.28). At post-test 2, following BS, PP for both jump forms was significantly greater than at post-test 1 (p < 0.001, d between 0.54 and 0.55) and at pre-test (p < 0.048, d between 0.21 and 0.30). DD increased PP significantly (CMJ and SJ p < 0.05, d between 0.40 and 0.41) relative to pre-test at post-test 2 (there was no significant difference between pre-test and post-test 1). Comparing BS with DD, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05). The greatest PAPE effects were observed six hours after BS. CA are recommended for female athletes to improve jumping performance, but individual responses should be determined prior to use.

Season Phase Comparison of Training and Game Volume in Female High School Volleyball Athletes

This study evaluated the differences in training and match volume per set by season phase in female high school volleyball. Twelve athletes wore a device to measure total jumps (TJ) and high jumps (HJ), movements per minute (MPM), kinetic energy expended, and stress percent throughout the season phases: preseason, tournament, and district. In matches, athletes jumped less and had lower MPM in preseason (4.4 ± 2.3 TJ/set, 1.9 ± 0.5 MPM/set) compared with tournament (13.2 ± 8.1 TJ/set, 6.4 ± 1.7 MPM/set) and district (16.5 ± 9.9 TJ/set, 6.7 ± 1.8 MPM/set; p ≤ .001 for all) phases. District registered more HJ/set (2.6 ± 2.2 HJ/set) than preseason (0.7 ± 0.7 HJ/set, p = .007) and tournament phases (292 ± 172 J/lb/set, p &lt; .001), and more kinetic energy expended/set (488 ± 174 J/lb/set) than preseason (201 ± 94 J/lb/set, p = .001). The highest training volume occurred during preseason with more TJ (preseason: 70.9 ± 26.0; tournament: 44.3 ± 19.3, p &lt; .001; district: 34.7 ± 3.4, p = .004) and kinetic energy expended (preseason: 1,645 ± 547 J/lb; tournament: 980 ± 506 J/lb, p = .018; district: 1,108 ± 362, p = .016). Preseason training had higher stress percent (16.6 ± 3.0%) than tournament (19.4 ± 3.7%, p = .004) and more HJ (7.7 ± 6.3%) than district (3.1 ± 2.9%, p = .012). Match volume was unbalanced across the season phases, with preseason showing the lowest volume and district having the highest volume. This was counterbalanced with a higher training volume during the preseason compared with the other phases.

Examining Power and Smash in Female Volleyball Athletes

Leg muscle explosive power is important in someones success in doing smashes in volleyball games. This study reveals the leg muscles explosive power and smash ability level and determines the correlation between the two variables. The method used is descriptive quantitative with a correlation approach. The population in this study were all female volleyball extracurricular participants at SMK Negeri 4 Lubuklinggau City. Data collection techniques and instruments used vertical jump tests and volleyball smash tests. Data analysis using SPSS software showed that leg muscle explosive power was at a low level of as much as 56%, smash ability was at a moderate level of as much as 37%, and a good level of as much as 7%, and there was a significant positive relationship. From the results of this study, it is recommended that extracurricular coaches develop training programs that can increase muscle explosive power

Pengaruh Latihan Plyometric dan Lompat Gawang untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Jumping Smash pada Siswa Ekstrakulikuler Bola Voli Putri SMP Negeri 2 Karanggayam

This study aims to determine: 1) is there an effect of plyometric jump exercise on the female volleyball athlete's jumping smash at SMP Negeri 2 Karanggayam, 2) is there an effect of goal-jumping exercise on the extracurricular female volleyball athlete's jumping smash at SMP Negeri 2 Karanggayam, 3) the type of exercise used more effective against the jumping smash of female volleyball athletes at SMP Negeri 2 Karanggayam. This research is an experiment with the research design used is "two groups pretest-posttest design". The instrument in this study was a jumping smash test with a reliability of 0.99 and a validity of 0.989. The subjects in this study were Extracurricular Girls Volleyball Athletes at SMP Negeri 2 Karanggayam, totaling 12 athletes. The data analysis technique used t test with a significance level of 5%.The results of the study concluded that: 1) there was no effect of plyometric jump training on the jumping smash of extracurricular volleyball athletes at SMPN 2 Karanggayam with t count (1.608) &gt; t table (2.201), and the significance value of p (0.136) &lt; 0.05, with percentage increase of 0.07% or 2.75 cm. 2) there is an effect of hurdles training on the jumping smash of extracurricular volleyball athletes at SMPN 2 Karanggayam with t count (3.616) &gt; t table (2.201), and p-value (0.004) &lt; 0.05, these results indicate that the t-count value is more greater than t table. 3) with an increase of 0.13% or 5 cm. The goal jump exercise is better for improving the jumping smash of extracurricular volleyball athletes at SMPN 2 Karanggayam. It is calculated from the difference in the average difference that the average post-test difference in the plyometric jump group is 3.08cm, the post-test average value for the hurdles group is 3.08cm. 5 cm, seen from the difference in the post-test value of 1.95 cm.Keywords: Plyometric Exercise, goal jump exercise, Jumping smash

Examination of Countermovement Jump Performance Changes in Collegiate Female Volleyball in Fatigued Conditions.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine changes in countermovement vertical jump performance after a single sport-specific training session in a sample of collegiate female volleyball athletes. Eleven NCAA Division I volleyball athletes performed countermovement vertical jumps with and without an arm swing prior to and immediately after a sport-specific training session. Each participant completed two jumps in each condition using a portable force platform. Paired samples t-tests were performed within each jump condition. When using an arm swing, mean braking force was the only variable to display a statistically significant change (p < 0.05). In the no-arm-swing condition, mean propulsive force, propulsive net impulse, jump height and reactive strength index modified all statistically increased (p < 0.05). Time to takeoff was statistically reduced (p < 0.05). Additionally, a single-subject analysis was performed across all eleven participants resulting in general trends seen in the no-arm-swing condition, whereas the arm-swing condition displayed inconsistent findings across participants.

Jump Performance And Landing Mechanics Maintained Throughout Exhaustive Bout Of Jumping In Female Volleyball Athletes

Jump Performance And Landing Mechanics Maintained Throughout Exhaustive Bout Of Jumping In Female Volleyball Athletes

Differences In Balance Metrics Between Female Volleyball Athletes And Non-athletes

Differences In Balance Metrics Between Female Volleyball Athletes And Non-athletes

Lactic acid and cognitive function: Investigations in female volleyball athletes

Lactic acid is a by-product of anaerobic metabolism and is commonly associated with muscle fatigue. However, recent research suggests that lactic acid may also positively affect cognitive function. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between lactic acid and cognitive function in female volleyball athletes. The study involved 12 female volleyball players from the Student Education and Training Centre (PPLP) of Riau Province, and a total sampling method was utilised. Data collection involved cognitive function tests using the Concentration Grid Test (CGT) instrument and lactic acid measurements using Accutrend lactate. The results revealed a significant correlation between lactic acid and cognitive function, with athletes with higher lactic acid levels after the training session performing better on cognitive tests. This suggests that lactic acid may enhance cognitive function by increasing glucose availability, which serves as the brain’s primary energy source. However, it is essential to consider the potential negative effects of excessive lactic acid levels, such as muscle fatigue, breakdown, and lactic acidosis, on both of the body and brain. Despite demonstrating the role of lactic acid in cognitive function among female volleyball athletes, caution must be exercised to prevent undue lactic acid production. Overall, this study provides valuable insight into the intricate relationship between lactic acid and cognitive function, which has implications for optimising cognitive ability in female volleyball athletes and potentially in other professional sports. Future research is needed to establish optimal lactic acid levels for cognitive function in diverse athletic contexts.