Female Undergraduates Research Articles

Assessing breast self-examination knowledge, attitude and practice as a secondary prevention of breast cancer among female undergraduates at the University of Dodoma: a protocol of analytical cross-sectional study.

Breast cancer is a global disease affecting an enormous number of women worldwide and a primary cause of cancer-related deaths in women. In Tanzania, women's breast cancer is the second-ranked among all types of cancers, with an incidence of 15.9%. Despite the Breast Self Examination (BSE) being one of the secondary prevention of breast cancer and an important measure for early diagnosis of breast cancer, little is known whether women could practice routine BSE. The study aims to Assess breast self-examination (BSE) knowledge, attitude, and practice among female undergraduates at the University of Dodoma. An institutionally-based analytical cross-sectional study will be carried out in the Dodoma region of Tanzania through a validated questionnaire. The study will involve 384 female undergraduate students aged 18 years. The data will be entered and analyzed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25. Descriptive analysis (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics [Cross-tabulation, Chi-square (χ 2), and Regression analysis] will be used. The practice of BSE among women remains unsatisfactory, which is highly linked to the lack of BSE knowledge. The deficit knowledge is on how to perform BSE, the benefit of BSE, and the interval of doing BSE. Most of the women seem to possess a positive attitude towards BSE.

Disinhibited or Disconnected? Dietary Restraint Attenuates the Relationship Between Heart Rate Variability and Stress-Induced Suppression of Food Intake

Abstract: Literature on restrained eaters posits that the capacity to successfully diet is cognitively demanding, requiring exertion of cognitive control over one’s eating behaviour. Demands that deplete this limited inner resource can thus lead restrained eaters to become disinhibited and consume large amounts of food. Although self-regulation is inferred to play a role, it has not yet been studied in combination with its physiological correlates. As low heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with lower self-regulatory capacity, and acute mental stressors decrease HRV, it was hypothesized that reduced HRV during stress may mediate the relationship between stress and food intake, and that the mediation may be moderated by dietary restraint. Specifically, the moderation hypothesis predicted more restrained eaters would exhibit a stronger relationship between low HRV and intake. Female undergraduates ( n = 92) were randomized to a stress or control condition while HRV was recorded. Participants subsequently engaged in a bogus taste test to quantify post-stress consumption. Restraint was conceptualized using Hagan and colleagues’ (2017) latent restraint factors. A significant moderated mediation emerged for Weight-Focused Restraint, ab3 = .196, SE = .077, 95% CI [.060, .361] and Calorie Counting, ab3 = .062, SE = .023, 95% CI [.024, .115]. However, contrary to expectation, stress-induced HRV reduction was associated with decreased intake for those low in restraint, whereas intake was unrelated to HRV for individuals with higher dietary restraint. Further, there was no evidence of traditionally-defined disinhibition in more restrained eaters. Results suggest those with higher restraint show a relative disconnection from internal physiological cues shown to affect intake under stress in less restrained individuals.

Assessing the relationship between dyslexia, psychological distress, and academic self-efficacy among Nigerian university undergraduates.

Academic self-efficacy refers to the student's beliefs and attitudes toward their capabilities to achieve academic success, as well as belief in their ability to fulfil academic tasks and the successful learning of the materials. The influence of dyslexia on academic self-efficacy and psychological distress among Nigerian students is underresearched in this study. This study investigated the relationship between dyslexia, psychological distress, and academic self-efficacy. A total of 460 undergraduates purposively drawn from the University of Lagos, Nigeria, of over 10,000 undergraduate population, with a mean age of 26 ± 5 years, responded to the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, the dyslexia adult checklist, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, and Adult Reading History Questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively, and the regression analysis and T-tests were used for statistical analysis, with a significance threshold of P < 0.05. The results showed that dyslexia is a significant predictor of academic self-efficacy (β = 0.34, t = 7.31, P < 0.01). Dyslexia strongly predicted performance in examination [β = 0.32, F = 48.18, P = 0.00], comprehension [β = 0.32, F = 33.54, P = 0.00], school adjustment [β = 0.32, F = 35.86, P = 0.00], reading skill [β = 0.21, F = 18.65, P = 0.00], working memory [β = 0.26, F = 28.5, P = 0.00], and time management [β = 0.21, F = 19.8, P = 0.00] among the undergraduates. In addition, dyslexia significantly predicted psychological distress [t 41) = 1.40, P = 0.65]. Gender had no significant influence on academic self-efficacy and psychological distress among the participants [t 41) = 1.33, P = 0.19]. Dyslexia is a strong predictor of academic self-efficacy and psychological distress. Male and female Nigerian undergraduates have similar academic self-efficacy and psychological distress.

Students’ Perception of Rape and Sexual Violence and Methods of Prevention in Tertiary Institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria

This study examined students’ perception of rape and sexual violence and methods of prevention in tertiary institutions in Lagos State. It was a cross-sectional study carried out among one thousand, two hundred and eleven (1,211) female undergraduates selected from two tertiary institutions in Lagos State. The sample size for the study was one hundred and twenty-one (121) representing 10% of the population. Inferential statistics was used for analysis. The results revealed that majority of the students are aware of the different types of rape but did not consider forced sexual intercourse between spouses as rape. The students have a good knowledge of rape and sexual violence. The students perceive that rape can have detrimental effects on the victims’ mental, physical and reproductive health. Avoiding late nights, dressing decently, increasing the presence of security officers at strategic places on campus and the likes were identified ways of preventing rape in tertiary institutions. Among the recommendations proffered are that students should review their dressing styles to conform to the morals of the society to prevent the occurrence of rape.

Unveiling Experiential Learning: Saudi Female Undergraduates' Perceptions and Challenges in the Marshmallow Challenge within OB Class

The Marshmallow Challenge, a popular activity in classrooms and team-building exercises in offices promotes teamwork, communication, and collaboration. Despite its widespread use, its application within the Saudi educational context remains underexplored. Therefore, this research delves into the experiences and perceptions of 43 Saudi female undergraduate students participating in the Marshmallow Challenge in Organizational Behaviour (OB) class at the University of Hail, Saudi Arabia. Utilizing semi-structured interviews, the study aims to understand the nuances of this experiential learning activity, focusing on teamwork, communication, leadership, collaboration, and related responses. The findings reveal a spectrum of reactions from initial apprehension and nervousness to subsequent collaborative problem-solving and reflection. Ultimately, this research paper contributes to the broader literature on experiential learning in OB education, offering educators actionable insights to optimize student engagement, collaboration, and skill learning.

A Comparative analysis between the level of literary interest area of vocation and linguistic intelligence of undergraduate students

This paper focuses on the requirement of a comparative analysis between the level of literary interest area of vocation and linguistic intelligence of undergraduate (UG) students in order to demonstrate the student’s connection between literary area of vocation and linguistic intelligence can have practical implications for education, career development, and curriculum design while also adding to our understanding of how language and literature shape cognitive development and career choice. For this purpose, the researcher used a survey method along with two standardized tools: the Multiple Intelligence Inventory (MIS-ASPS) provided by Surabhi Agarwal and Dr. Suraksha Pal for testing linguistic intelligence, and the Vocational Interest Record (VIR-K) provided by Dr. S. P. Kulshrestha for assessing literary interest levels. 200 undergraduate students, 100 of whom were male and 100 of whom were female, made up the sample for the current study. They were selected using the random sampling method from five different colleges in the city of Aurangabad. The analysis of statistical data uses the statistical metrics mean, S.D., and t-test. In the same field, male students’ mean values are 8 and SD is 4.4, compared to female UG students’ mean values of 7.82 and 4.4 for the literary vocational interest area. As a result, using these numbers as a benchmark, it is evident that male undergraduate students have greater interest in the literary profession than female students. At the 0.05 level of significance, the resulting t value for the male and female groups is 0.29, which is lower than the table value of 1.96. As a result, there is little variation in literary careers between men and women. As a result, the null hypothesis is accepted. The obtain result in terms of linguistic intelligence, female UG students scored an average of 21.41 and a standard deviation of 22.74, whereas male students scored an average of 4.52 and a standard deviation of 5.97. At a significance level of 0.05, the obtained t value for both the male and female groups is 1.77, which is lower than the table value of 1.97. Therefore, there is no discernible difference in verbal intelligence between males and females. The null hypothesis is therefore accepted. The calculated average for the career interest area in literature is 7.91, with a standard deviation of 4.42. The average language intelligence score is 22.07, while the standard deviation is 5.52. When compared to the table value of 1.96 at the 0.05 level of significance, the derived t value of both the literary interest area of occupation and the level of linguistic intelligence of UG students is 29.5. As a result, the study found a clear disparity between UG students’ levels of linguistic ability and literary interest. This rules out the null hypothesis.

Influence of TikTok as an Edutainment Platform on Female Students’ Awareness and Use of Contraceptives

This research study investigates the influence of TikTok, a popular social media platform known for its entertainment and educational content, on the awareness and utilization of contraceptives among female students at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University (COOU). With the widespread use of social media among the youth, platforms like TikTok have emerged as potential sources of information, creating new opportunities for disseminating knowledge on sensitive topics, such as sexual health and contraception. The main objectives of the study was to evaluate how exposure to contraceptive-related contents on TikTok influence female undergraduates’ awareness and responsible use of contraceptives among COOU female students. The study adopted the uses and gratifications theory in carrying out the study. The survey research method was adopted with a sample size of 400 drawn using Taro Yaame’s formula from a population of 12,552. A structured survey questionnaire is employed to collect data from a representative sample of COOU female students, assessing their knowledge and understanding of contraceptives before and after exposure to contraceptive-related content on TikTok. Preliminary findings indicate that TikTok plays a significant role in increasing the awareness of contraceptive methods among COOU female students. The platform's engaging and informative content fosters an informal learning environment that facilitates discussions around sensitive topics, breaking down barriers and reducing stigmas associated with contraception. Moreover, TikTok's interactive nature allows for peer-to-peer communication, enabling students to share experiences and advice, leading to enhanced knowledge exchange and increased confidence in contraceptive decision-making. The research recommended that TikTok creators should ensure that the information shared on contraceptives is accurate and reliable and partner with experts to add credibility to the content.

Self-compassion, Positive and Negative Affect and Social Avoidance among Adolescence: Mediating Role of Mindfulness.

Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness to manage social fear avoidance and promote well-being. Social anxiety is a common psychological experience noted among the general population. Social anxiety develops during adolescence and is prevalent among college students. This study investigates the factors contributing to social anxiety - fear and avoidance of social situations of female first-year undergraduates. The study used a survey research design. A sample of 821 first-year female undergraduate students aged between 17 and 19. Data were collected using the Liebowitz Social anxiety scale, the Five-Facet mindfulness questionnaire, A short form of the Self-compassion scale, and the Positive and Negative affect scale. Mindfulness weakens social fear and reduces the tendency to avoid social situations. Mindfulness effectively mediates the impact of self-compassion's positive affect and negative effects on social fear. Mindfulness and social fear jointly mediate the impact of self-compassion, positive affect, and negative affect on social avoidance. Mindfulness is the awareness and acceptance of the feelings, thoughts and sensations attached to self and its possible reciprocity with social surroundings to mitigate fear-self-compassion and positive emotional affect augment, and negative emotional affect attenuate mindfulness. Results analysis highlights the mediation of mindfulness on social anxiety, self-compassion, positive affect, and negative affect.

“Four of my Lecturers Including my HOD Took Sexual Interest in Me”: Factors Facilitating Sexual Harassment and Exploitation in Nigerian Higher Education Institutions

For decades, Nigerian higher education institutions (HEIs) have featured as places where sex is used to determine who gets decent marks and who gets the opposite in what is popularly known as “sex-for-marks” in the country. It is common knowledge to Nigerians that many female students have been prevented from passing their coursework or completing their programmes of study for refusing to engage in sexual activities with their lecturers when demanded. Many male lecturers, including professors, have been dismissed, suspended, put on probation, or prosecuted for sexually harassing or exploiting female students. Available evidence suggests that this phenomenon cuts across both public and private institutions across the country although it is more common in public institutions. This current study explored this phenomenon. The qualitative approach was adopted. Both primary and secondary data were utilised. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured interviews of 22 female graduates and undergraduates of 11 HEIs. Secondary data came from 8 media outlets. The data were thematically analysed. Nine themes were developed from the data, which denoted the primary factors contributing to this menace, and these are (i) project supervision, (ii) being unique, (iii) being a fresher, (iv) tuition fee debt, (v) failed assessment, (vi) exam malpractice, (vii) missed submission deadline, (viii) failing to purchase handout, and (ix) sexual obsession. These themes were analysed in depth and supported with excerpts containing the original words of the victims while pseudonyms or fictitious names were used to replace the real names of the participants. Recommendations were made on how the authorities of HEIs can effectively address this social problem.

Targeting negative flashforward imagery in speech anxiety with a visuospatial dual-task: Do attenuated flashforwards lead to less anxiety and avoidance?

Background and objectivesIt has been proposed that negative mental imagery plays an important role in the persistence of social fears. Experiencing vivid and distressing ‘flashforward’ images of a potential social catastrophe appears to be of relevance in speech anxiety. To clarify the role of these images, the current experimental study tested if reducing the vividness and distressing properties of recurring negative flashforward images subsequently reduces anxiety and avoidance tendencies regarding a speech. Methods: Participants were female undergraduates high in speech anxiety (N = 134) who joined our study online. In the experimental condition, we used a visuospatial dual-task to reduce the vividness and distress of flashforward imagery. Primary outcomes were participants' self-reported anxiety and avoidance ratings in anticipation of and during an actual speech. As a secondary outcome, we used observer ratings of participants' anxiety during the speech. Results: Participants reported moderate to high frequency and interference of their vivid and distressing flashforward images in daily life. The dual-task resulted in reductions in image vividness and distress. However, we found no differences between conditions in anxiety and avoidance ratings before and during the speech. Limitations: The imagery manipulation effect was moderate to small. Moreover, we included a subclinical sample. Conclusions: Reducing negative flashforward imagery vividness and distress with a visuospatial dual-task did not directly lead to less anxiety and avoidance tendencies related to a later speech. Thus, findings provided no support for the hypothesis that experiencing highly vivid and distressing flashforward images causally contributes to social fears.

Are Female Undergraduates at the University of Calabar Equipped with the Knowledge, Positive Attitudes, and Effective Practices of Contraceptives?

BACKGROUND: The global challenge of rapid population growth necessitates family planning programs to address reproductive health needs and control population increase. However, unintended pregnancies, particularly among adolescents, remain a significant problem, leading to increased risks of sexually transmitted infections and unsafe abortions. In Nigeria, contraceptive use is low among youths, resulting in high incidences of induced abortions and sexually transmitted infections. Barriers such as religious beliefs, cultural factors, limited availability, personal beliefs, and fear of side effects contribute to the under-utilization of contraceptives. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among female undergraduates of the University of Calabar, Cross River State. Data was collected using a 42-item questionnaire after obtaining informed consent. Multi-stage sampling was employed, and data was analyzed with IBM SPSS version 26 using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The mean age of respondents was 21.5 ± 2.72 years. Most participants were in their first (26.7%) or second (22.6%) level of study. 28.8% were in sexual relationships, while 71.2% were not. Approximately a quarter of respondents had experienced symptoms of sexually transmitted infections. 71.5% had no knowledge of emergency contraception. Condoms (71.2%) and pills (54.5%) were the most commonly mentioned methods of contraception, while tubal ligation was the least popular (4.7%). The main benefit cited for contraception was the prevention of unwanted pregnancy (92.2%). 47.3% had no idea about the side effects of contraception, with irregular menstruation being the most commonly mentioned side effect (19.3%). Friends/peers, the internet, and school were the primary sources of information on contraception. 56.4% believed that contraception is not solely for females and should not be reserved for the literate. Over a third of respondents thought contraception encourages promiscuity and has too many side effects, with more than half demanding contraceptive services on campus. Less than half of the respondents (43.9%) reported using contraception at some point, with even smaller percentages using contraception in the last six months (25.2%) or during their last sexual intercourse (23.8%). Of the 101 who used contraceptives in their last sexual intercourse, the majority (83%) used condoms, while pills (7%) and emergency contraception (10%) were less common. Preferred sources for contraception were pharmacies (57.5%) and chemist shops/patent medicine vendors (24.7%). Religion (41.5%), fear of side effects (34.9%), and partner consent (28.3%) were the main influences on contraceptive use. Several factors were significantly associated with contraception utilization, including age, partner's educational level, knowledge of contraception, and level of study (p&lt;0.05). CONCLUSION: The low utilization of contraception among female undergraduates at the University of Calabar despite high awareness and poor knowledge highlights the need for interventions. Factors influencing utilization include age, knowledge, and level of study. Barriers such as religion, fear of side effects, and partner consent must be addressed. Recommendations include sensitization campaigns, establishing a youth-friendly center on campus, incorporating contraception into curricula, collaborating with NGOs, and increasing funding for research.

Being underweight, academic performance and cognitive control in undergraduate women.

The prevalence of underweight among young women is a serious international health issue. However, the evidence on how being underweight negatively affects brain health and cognition is still unclear. This study investigated the association between underweight status, academic performance, and neurocognitive control in young Japanese women using a cross-sectional design. We analyzed the academic performance of female undergraduates, comparing underweight and healthy-weight groups (n = 43; age 18-23 years, M = 21.1, SD = 1.3) based on their grade point average (GPA). We also analyzed their error-related negativity (ERN), an electrophysiological measure that potentially reflects academic performance, during an arrowhead version of the flanker task to assess cognitive control of action monitoring. Participants with a low body mass index were found to have lower GPAs. Furthermore, the underweight students exhibited smaller ERN amplitudes, which indicates decreased cognitive control in action monitoring. These findings suggest that a healthy weight status is essential for effective cognitive functioning and academic success in young adult women, amongwhom being underweight is a serious health problem.

Prevalence of Undiagnosed Iron Deficiency Anemia and Associated Factors Among Female Undergraduate Medical Students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia according to the World Health Organization. Females are more likely to be affected than males. There are several factors causing iron deficiency anemia, such as increased loss of iron, decreased intake of iron, and increased utilization of iron. There are limited research studies evaluating the risk factors that cause anemia among female medical students in Saudi Arabia. For this, the study aimed to identify the prevalence of undiagnosed iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among young female university students and to identify if there is any correlation between IDA and several factors including dietary habits, psychological stress, anxiety status, and body mass index. A cross-sectional observational study was performed between October 2022 and December 2022 with a sample of 100 healthy female students aged between 19 and 23 years, who were studying at the medical colleges of Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia. Blood samples were collected to perform complete blood count and iron profile tests. Also, a survey was done to find correlation between iron deficiency anemia and dietary intake, drinks, stress, anxiety, and body mass index (BMI). Independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare values for non-anemic with anemic participants, and linear regression tests were used to analyze differences between non-anemic and anemic participants'dietary intakefactors and stress and anxiety scores. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The findings represent an overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in female medical students based on the lab finding results. Thus, students were divided into two following groups: anemic (13%) with hemoglobin (Hb) concentration <12 g/dL and non-anemic (84%) with Hb concentration ≥12 g/dL. When comparing the two groups, results showed significant differences in the majority of RBC indices (hematocrit {HCT}, mean corpuscular volume {MCV}, mean corpuscular hemoglobin {MCH}, red cell distribution width {RDW}) and iron profiles, p-value was <0.05.On evaluation of the different types of food consumption, the mean iron intake was around 7 mg/day, and in 65% of the participants, it was below the estimated average requirement (EAR) of iron (8.1 mg/dL). The perceived stress scale (PSS) shows that 63% of the participants experienced moderate stress and 58% reported severe anxiety by the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) scale. In multiple linear regression, iron was positively associated with hemoglobin concentrations, whereas stress scores were negatively associated with hemoglobin concentrations. There is a relatively low prevalence of anemia and most of it was foundof the microcytic type, indicating that this condition is a common health issue among local female college students. There was no independent association between stress or anxiety and hemoglobin levels.

Evaluating Computer Interactions and Infographics Usability: Analyzing Individual’s Performance through Viewing Patterns

Computer interactions and infographics are important to represent and communicate complex information. The impact of visualization and its effect on learning the results of interaction with multimedia instruction reveals a great deal. Eye tracking is the method used to examine the graphical processing. Therefore, the present study aims to examine computer interactions and infographic usability by conducting verbal and visual performances test on undergraduates. The 62 undergraduate females were recruited as the study sample and presented the video of Napoleon's march to Moscow. This study identifies how long, where, and in what order or when accompanied with text and what’s the participant's pattern on Minard maps. The performance test scores and the verbal visual learning style rating included the visual and verbal variables. The tools that are used to enhance the results are heat maps, cluster and scan paths. The 62 undergraduate females results shows that there is a fundamental difference in verbal and visual learning participants in viewing pattern on the heat map. The heat maps, clusters, and scan paths were combined for the distinct groups to provide a more complete picture of viewing patterns using Tobii Studio Software. The study results indicate that visual content was remembered by most of the participants and also indicated that the visual effects in multimedia learning environments and can be utilized to improve the multimedia design. Therefore, the study concluded that infographic and computer interactions are an effective approach for enhancing the understanding and usability of students.

Psychological disturbances encountered by selected undergraduates studying at the University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

University undergraduates are increasingly recognized as a vulnerable population with a higher level of psychological disturbances. During the Covid-19 pandemic, universities closed all over the world, resulting in the psychological well-being of this population being severely affected across the globe. This study examined the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms encountered by undergraduates of the selected five faculties at the University of Ruhuna in Southern Sri Lanka due to the Covid-19 pandemic, its associated factors, and the correlations between stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. An online, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among undergraduates using pre-tested, self-administered questionnaires from the randomly selected five faculties: Allied Health Sciences, Engineering, Humanities and Social Sciences, Management and Finance, and Medicine. Undergraduates were invited to complete the Google Form. Socio-demographic details and a 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (21-DASS) were used for data collection. Stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were evaluated using a Sinhala version of the 21-DASS scale. Ethical permission was granted by the Ethics Review Committee of the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna. Among the 359 undergraduates, the majority were represented by females (62.1%). The mean age of the sample was 23.67 years (SD ± 1.6). Stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were found to be prevalent in 53.7%, 41.8%, and 63.8% of undergraduates respectively. Younger and female undergraduates had more impact on psychological issues than their counterparts. It revealed a significant positive correlation between anxiety and depressive symptoms (r = 0.646, p < .001), anxiety and stress (r = 0.868, p < .001), and stress and anxiety (r = 0.786, p < .001). Most undergraduates experienced considerable levels of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms during the Covid-19 as increasing stress, anxiety, or depressive symptoms, tend to increase all types of psychological disturbances. The development of mental health among undergraduates is essential and needs innovative strategies to improve the psychological well-being of undergraduates. The initiation of a stress management programme and expanded available counseling services are also important. Further studies are needed to be conducted on the extended topic of how the Covid-19 era is affecting the psychological well-being of undergraduates from different universities (state/non-state), locations, and different study departments.

Awareness and knowledge of ovarian cancer symptoms and risk factors among female undergraduates in the university of Ibadan

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common malignancy among women in Africa, it affects women more frequently than any other cancer. There are various risk factors and symptoms of ovarian cancer, but women are generally found to lack knowledge on this hence leading to late diagnosis of ovarian cancer in most women. Methods: This study employed a cross sectional survey technique and was conducted among female undergraduate staying in the halls of residence in the university of Ibadan. The total student population was 1496. The sample size was determined using the Taro Yamane formula and the sample size was 351 students which was allocated proportionally to each hall of residence. The research instrument used for the study is a self-administered questionnaire. Using SPSS, the data were analyzed using the frequency, percentage, and chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05%. The chi-square test of independence was used to investigate the association between the age and awareness of ovarian cancer among females in University of Ibadan’s halls of residence. It was also used to investigate the association between the level of knowledge of ovarian cancer risk factors and symptoms among female staying in Queen Elizabeth II Hall and Obafemi Awolowo Hall of residence. Using SPSS, the data were analyzed using the frequency, percentage, and chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05%. Results: The results showed that 92% of female undergraduate students at the University of Ibadan are well-informed about ovarian cancer and majority of female undergraduates are quite knowledgeable about the symptoms and risks factors of ovarian cancer. The study found that that there is no significant relationship between the ages of the female undergraduate students in University of Ibadan and their awareness of Ovarian cancer and also conclude that there is a significant relationship between the hall of residence of the female undergraduate students in University of Ibadan and their awareness of Ovarian cancer. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study has revealed just like every other related study that most female undergraduate have a considerable high knowledge about the symptoms and risk factors of ovarian cancer however the University management should take the advantage of special occasions like world cancer day should do more sensitization on the symptoms and risk factor of ovarian cancer and other type of cancer particularly in halls of residence with lower level of knowledge on ovarian cancer.

Knowledge and Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services Among Female Undergraduates at FUTO

Background: Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common is a type of cancer in women. It that starts in the cervix. The cervix is a hollow cylinder that connects the lower part of a woman’s uterus to her vagina. Cervical cancer is a leading cause of mortality particularly in young women. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and utilization of cervical cancer screening services among female undergraduates at Federal University of Technology Owerri. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional research design was adopted for this study. A multi stage sampling technique was used in recruiting a total of 374 female students that participated in this study and a pretested questionnaire was used in the data collection of the study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used in the analysis of the study. Results: The study showed that, 46.3% (173) of the respondents aged 15-24. From the study, majority of the respondents 85.8% (321) had heard about cervical cancer screening. Most of the respondents 81.9% (306) affirmed they would utilize cervical cancer screening if offered a chance. A good number of the respondents 33.95% (127), mentioned that opined “distance to facility” as one of the factors that influenced the utilization of cervical cancer screening services. Further results from the study based on the relationship between Socio-demographic characteristics and level of knowledge of respondents towards cervical cancer screening services demonstrated that there was a statistically significant relationship between age (p = 0.0035), academic level (p = 0.0023), healthcare plan (p = 0.0327) and level of knowledge of cervical cancer. Conclusion: The study concluded that, while many female undergraduates had a good understanding of cervical cancer screening, this did not translate into a propensity to utilize screening services. From the study, it was recommended that, female undergraduates must have a thorough understanding of cervical cancer and how to prevent it.

Health status of college-going girls (female undergraduates) as an expression of anemia and BMI

Anaemia and being underweight are two global public health issues that include the significant population of girls of adolescents, directly affecting one’s working capacity and posing a great risk for future motherhood. In this study, a total of 798 college-going girls were observed with their height, weight and hemoglobin level over a period of five years. The mean age of the girls was 18 years, within the range of 17 years to 22 years. Anaemia poses a significant threat on a worldwide scale; in the present study, it was observed that 22% of the girls are severely anaemic, 34% are moderately anaemic, 17% are mildly anaemic, and only 26% are non-anaemia, which is significantly alarming about their health condition. On the other hand, we calculated their body mass index (BMI) with height and weight. It was found that only 36% of girls had a normal BMI, while 44% of the girls were underweight, which also raises concerns about their health issues for the near future. Although no direct relation can be drawn between the severity of anaemia and BMI, the parameters can help to express one's overall health status and can be used to improve health rights from adolescence.

Gender differences in alcohol abuse/dependence among medical undergraduates during the post-COVID‑19 pandemic period (October 20, 2020-April 5, 2021) in China

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and the gender-specific risk factors of alcohol abuse/dependence among medical undergraduates during the post-COVID‑19 pandemic period in China.MethodThe Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) was used to identify respondents with alcohol abuse/dependence. A questionnaire on basic demographics and mental distresses (learning burnout, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, excessive daytime sleepiness, and history of mental disorders) was used. The logistic regression model was used to explore the associations between the above characteristics and alcohol abuse/dependence.ResultsA total of 3,412 medical undergraduates were included in the analysis. Males showed a higher prevalence of alcohol abuse/dependence than females (16.6% vs 7.4%, p < 0.001). Alcohol abuse/dependence was associated with learning burnout (OR: 2.168, p < 0.001) and having a partner (OR: 1.788 p = 0.001) among female medical undergraduates. Among male medical undergraduates, excessive daytime sleepiness (OR: 1.788 p = 0.001) and older age (OR: 1.788, p = 0.001) were independently associated with alcohol abuse/dependence.ConclusionAlcohol abuse/dependence was common among medical undergraduates during the post-COVID‑19 pandemic period. Substantial gender differences in the prevalence and risk factors of alcohol abuse/dependence were found among medical undergraduates in this study, which highlighted the need for timely gender-specific screening and interventions. However, the cross-sectional design adopted in this study has limited the examination of causality, thus further longitudinal studies are warranted.

The Effect of Using Dictionaries in Translation Exams on the Target Text

This research addresses the debate on whether translation students should use dictionaries in exams, a crucial topic in translation studies. It’s controversial because it affects translation quality; some believe dictionaries improve accuracy, while others argue they disrupt coherence. The central question is how dictionary use impacts translation quality for undergraduates. The study involved forty-eight Saudi female undergraduates translating English to Arabic. Half used dictionaries, and half didn’t. Results from error analysis revealed that dictionary users had fewer errors in meaning transfer and mechanics, highlighting their potential to improve accuracy. This research proposes a hybrid solution: allowing dictionaries in the first half of exams and banning them in the second. This approach strikes a balance between accuracy and coherence concerns. It’s a practical recommendation for educators and examiners, potentially enhancing translation education and practice.