Female Syrian Refugees Research Articles

Being happy in unhappy time: life satisfaction and subjective happiness in the background of demographic variables among female Syrian refugees, Poles and Turks

ObjectivesThe main aim of our research was to explore if individuals may feel happy in difficult refugee conditions and whether demographic variables are connected to the level of happiness and the life satisfaction.Material and methodsThe perceived levels of happiness and of satisfaction with life were measured in three groups of women: Turkish, Polish and refugees from Syria living in Turkey. The life situation of female Syrian refugees seems to be more difficult than that of Turkish and Polish women who have not experienced the suffering associated with the war, leaving their country and adapting to new living conditions in a foreign environment. A total of 120 people took part in the study. The Subjective Happiness Scale and the Satisfaction With Life Scale were used in the research.ResultsThe obtained results indicate that Syrian women are less happy and satisfied with life than Polish and Turkish women. Their satisfaction with life and sense of happiness are not related to age, education levels and time of being a refugee. It turned out, however, that Syrian refugee women's senses of happiness and life satisfaction are associated with the incongruence between their learned profession and their current occupation.ConclusionsThe research results indicate that despite difficult refugee experiences, far away from homes new possibilities might be opened. This conclusion seems to be important for planning integration policies.

Evaluation of T. gondii, rubella, and cytomegalovirus seroprevalences among female Syrian refugees in Sanliurfa, Turkiye.

Since the Syrian Civil War began in 2011, the official number of refugees under temporary protection in Turkiye is reported to be 3,522,036 in 2023. Most of the Syrians living outside the refugee camps have worse conditions in terms of access to healthcare centers and social opportunities, compared to those living in camps. The Sanliurfa province hosts the third highest number of Syrians (370,291) in Turkiye. There are no data about the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), rubella (rub), or cytomegalovirus (CMV) among Syrian refugees in Sanliurfa. We aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii, rub, and CMV infections among female Syrian refugees of reproductive age (15-49 years) living in Sanliurfa province. A cross-sectional study was conducted in different districts of Sanliurfa. A total of 460 households were selected using the probability sampling method. One married female Syrian refugee aged between 15 and 49 years, was chosen in each household, leading to a sample size of 410 female Syrian refugees. The seropositivity of T. gondii, CMV, and rub IgM and IgG in blood samples were analyzed using enzyme immunoassays (Abbott Architect, Illinois, USA). The seropositivity rates of T. gondii, CMV, and rubella IgM and IgG were 4.4% and 59.8%; 3.9%; and 99%; and 1.9%, and 99.5%, respectively. A screening program should be implemented for T. gondii, CMV, and rub infections for Syrian refugees. Seronegative women should be vaccinated against rub and educated about the transmission and preventive routes of toxoplasmosis and CMV infection.

Association of pre-migration socioeconomic status and post-migration mental health in Syrian refugees in Lebanon: a descriptive sex-stratified cross-sectional analysis

BackgroundRefugee populations present with high levels of psychological distress, which may vary among sociodemographic characteristics. Understanding the distribution across these characteristics is crucial to subsequently provide more tailored support to the most affected according to their specific healthcare needs. This study therefore seeks to investigate the association between pre-migration socioeconomic status (SES) and post-migration mental health separately for male and female Syrian refugees in Lebanon.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, a cluster randomized sample of 599 refugees from Syria were recruited between 2016 and 2019 within 12 months after they fled to Lebanon. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between self-reported pre-migration SES and levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms assessed on the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) scale, both for the entire sample and stratified by sex. To assess the informative value of self-reported SES, its correlation with education variables was tested. All analyses were conducted in R version 4.3.ResultsUsing complete cases, 457 participants (322 female, 135 male) were included in the analyses. Females showed on average more symptoms of anxiety (Median: 2.5) and depression (Median: 2.4) than males (Median: 2.10 and 2.07, respectively). Below average SES was associated with significantly higher odds for mental illness compared to average SES (anxiety: OR 4.28, 95% CI [2.16, 9.49]; depression: OR 1.85, 95% CI [1.06, 3.36]). For anxiety, differences between SES strata were larger for males than females. The self-reported SES measure showed only a weak positive correlation with education.ConclusionsThis study adds additional descriptive data highlighting mental health differences in Syrian refugees in Lebanon, whereby below average SES is associated with worse mental health outcomes compared to average SES. These findings demand further research into the underlying mechanisms. Improving our understanding of the observed differences will provide valuable insights that can contribute to the future development of targeted measures.

The Association between Intimate Partner Violence and Female Syrian Refugees’ Mental Health

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the world’s most critical public health issues. Aims: The main aim of the study was (1) to examine the association between IPV and female Syrian refugees’ mental health. We also wanted: (2) to assess the prevalence of IPV and its subtypes – controlling, emotional, physical, and sexual violence – among female Syrian refugees, (3) to evaluate the association between childhood maltreatment and IPV, and (4) examine IPV and risky behaviors. Settings and Design: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A clinician interviewed (n = 289) female Syrian refugees seeking therapy in Egypt. Materials and Methods: Female Syrian refugees completed the following assessments: WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)-16. Results: Female Syrian refugees who had experienced IPV scored significantly higher on the BDI-II (U = 1799, P < 0.00), BAI (U = 2511.5, P < 0.00), and DERS (U = 1636, P < 0.00). In addition, 90.3% of them experienced psychological control, 91.3% emotional abuse, 39.4% physical violence, and 27% sexual violence by an intimate partner. Those who had experienced physical IPV were more likely to use substances (χ 2 = 5.8, P < 0.05), engage in binge eating (χ 2 = 17.5, P < 0.001), and have suicidal thoughts or behaviors (χ 2 = 5.1, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Female Syrian refugees with a history of IPV exhibited significantly worse mental health. There is an imperative need for mental health treatment and prevention strategies for female Syrian refugees.

The crosstalk between subjective fibromyalgia, mental health symptoms and the use of over-the-counter analgesics in female Syrian refugees: a cross-sectional web-based study

Suboptimal fibromyalgia management with over-the-counter analgesics leads to deteriorated outcomes for pain and mental health symptoms especially in low-income countries hosting refugees. To examine the association between the over-the-counter analgesics and the severity of fibromyalgia, depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms in a cohort of Syrian refugees. This is a cross-sectional study. Fibromyalgia was assessed using the patient self-report survey for the assessment of fibromyalgia. Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, insomnia severity was measured using the insomnia severity index (ISI-A), and PTSD was assessed using the Davidson trauma scale (DTS)-DSM-IV. Data were analyzed from 291. Among them, 221 (75.9%) reported using acetaminophen, 79 (27.1%) reported using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and 56 (19.2%) reported receiving a prescription for centrally acting medications (CAMs). Fibromyalgia screening was significantly associated with using NSAIDs (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.58–5.80, p = 0.001). Severe depression was significantly associated with using NSAIDs (OR 2.07, 95% CI 2.18–3.81, p = 0.02) and CAMs (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.30–5.76, p = 0.008). Severe insomnia was significantly associated with the use of CAMs (OR 3.90, 95% CI 2.04–5.61, p < 0.001). PTSD symptoms were associated with the use of CAMs (β = 8.99, p = 0.001) and NSAIDs (β = 10.39, p < 0.001). Improper analgesics are associated with poor fibromyalgia and mental health outcomes, prompt awareness efforts are required to address this challenge for the refugees and health care providers.

Post-traumatic stress disorder burden among female Syrian war refugees is associated with dysmenorrhea severity but not with the analgesics

Dysmenorrhea association with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has not been studied in refugees. We aimed to examine the associations between dysmenorrhea severity, dysmenorrhea analgesics self-medications, and PTSD in a cohort of Syrian war refugees residing in Jordan.&lt;br /&gt; This is a cross-sectional study based on predetermined inclusion criteria held at Caritas primary care centers in Jordanian districts between September and October 2022. The participants’ demographics and analgesic self-medication type were recorded through a structured questionnaire. The dysmenorrhea severity was measured by (working ability, location, intensity, days of pain, and dysmenorrhea) WaLiDD scale, PTSD was measured by Davidson trauma scale (DTS)-DSM-IV.&lt;br /&gt; Data from 347 Syrian female war refugees were analyzed. The multivariate analysis showed that dysmenorrhea severity demonstrated significantly higher estimates for PTSD (10.48 [6.72-14.23], p=0.001), however, the analgesic type was not associated with PTSD burden.&lt;br /&gt; In conclusion, dysmenorrhea severity, but not self-medication, was associated with a higher PTSD burden.

The impact of forced displacement: trauma, increased levels of inflammation and early presentation of diabetes in women Syrian refugees.

Forced displacement and war trauma cause high rates of post-traumatic stress, anxiety disorders and depression in refugee populations. We investigated the impact of forced displacement on mental health status, gender, presentation of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated inflammatory markers among Syrian refugees in Lebanon. Mental health status was assessed using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). Additional metabolic and inflammatory markers were analyzed. Although symptomatic stress scores were observed in both men and women, women consistently displayed higher symptomatic anxiety/depression scores with the HSCL-25 (2.13±0.58 versus 1.95±0.63). With the HTQ, however, only women aged 35-55 years displayed symptomatic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scores (2.18±0.43). Furthermore, a significantly higher prevalence of obesity, prediabetes and undiagnosed T2D were observed in women participants (23.43, 14.91 and 15.18%, respectively). Significantly high levels of the inflammatory marker serum amyloid A were observed in women (11.90±11.27 versus 9.28±6.93, P=0.036). Symptomatic PTSD, anxiety/depression coupled with higher levels of inflammatory marker and T2D were found in refugee women aged between 35 and 55years favoring the strong need for psychosocial therapeutic interventions in moderating stress-related immune dysfunction and development of diabetes in this subset of female Syrian refugees.

Determinants of Protective Healthcare Services Awareness among Female Syrian Refugees in Turkey.

War-related migration may deprive people of access to a regular healthcare system and cause new diseases to be battled. Since refugee women are more vulnerable to diseases during this period, protective healthcare services awareness is critical for early disease diagnosis. Following the civil war that triggered the migration of millions of Syrians, an extensive survey was undertaken in coordination with the World Health Organization Country Office in Turkey to explore the health status of Syrian refugees in Turkey. Employing the survey data, we aimed to investigate the determinants of the awareness of protective health services (Pap smear test, mammogram, HIV test) among female Syrian refugees. Logit regression analysis was applied in order to investigate the determinants of the awareness of protective health services among the female refugee population. The results revealed a notably low rate of awareness of protective health services among female Syrian refugees. Furthermore, the association of explanatory variables, including socioeconomic factors, healthcare use, and health literacy with the protective health services awareness, was found to be significant.

Crisis upon crisis: a qualitative study exploring the joint effect of the political, economic, and pandemic challenges in Lebanon on Syrian refugee women’s fertility preferences and behaviour

BackgroundStarting in October 2019, Lebanon experienced overlapping crises that caused a significant deterioration of the living conditions for Syrian refugees and the host community. Previous studies have shown that difficult living conditions and refugee status alone do not impact the fertility preferences of Syrian refugees. This study seeks to explore the effect of the overlapping crises on the fertility preferences and behaviour of Syrian refugees in Lebanon.MethodsIn this qualitative study, we carried out focus group discussions (FGDs) with married female Syrian refugees recruited purposively from two cities in West Bekaa (Bar Elias and Saad Nayel) and from inside and outside the Informal Tented Settlements (ITS). Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe overlapping crises (political, economic, and Covid-19) in Lebanon influence Syrian refugee women’s reported desire for fewer children. Two themes emerged that explained the change in Syrian refugees’ fertility preferences towards limiting their number of children or delaying having children, and potentially a change in their fertility practices: the sudden deterioration in their living conditions triggered by the effect of inflation on their daily needs, and decreased support and changes in the job market that led to more women working to support their families. Consequently, refugees expressed a preference towards limiting their number of children due to concern about the consequences of the crisis on their children’s physical and mental well-being. This was combined with decreased pressure on women from men and in-laws to have (additional) children and concern over the effect of Covid-19 on pregnant women.ConclusionsThe sudden deterioration in living conditions due to the overlapping crises may have influenced Syrian refugees’ preferences towards limiting their number of children or delaying having children until the situation improves. The potential shift in power dynamics in households caused by more women working outside the home also may have increased women’s autonomy in making decisions regarding family size and use of modern contraception. These findings have implications for developing programs that focus on female livelihoods and engagement in work outside the home to influence family size and other reproductive health outcomes and gender equity indicators.

Impact of Managerial Empowerment on Job Performance: A Pragmatic Investigation on Female Syrian Refugees in Turkey

AbstractThe Syrian crisis created major security challenges for the international community in the Middle East since the beginning of the second millennium. This crisis has led to a massive influx of forced migrants to the neighboring countries of Syria, which has impacted on their economies that barely meet the needs of the native population. The United Nations and NGOs took serious steps to deal with this crisis through a strategy to empower refugees. Hence, the major goal of this article is to investigate the impact of managerial empowerment on job performance. The study population was represented by female Syrian refugees in Turkey, which has hosted the largest number of Syrian refugees. The data were collected using a purposive homogeneous nonprobability sample that was made up of 1,244 female Syrian refugees working in Turkey, with a response rate of 62.20 percent. The data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. The study findings showed that the level of managerial empowerment was high, while the level of job performance was moderate. Moreover, findings showed that there was a positive impact of structural empowerment and psychological empowerment on job performance. This article made clear contributions to the development of the conceptual framework of empowerment theory in the most turbulent contexts. Besides, it provided a set of recommendations to managers of organizations that employ female Syrian refugees to focus on the empowerment strategy as one of the human resource strategies that would enhance job performance.

Prevalence of and risk factors for depression among female Syrian refugees and Jordanians with chronic disease: a pilot study.

Chronic disease and depression are primary contributors to morbidity among displaced and local populations. This study aims to address the prevalence for and risk factors of comorbid depression among Jordanian and Syrian women with known chronic disease. To provide evidence for mental health intervention planning, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to investigate determinants of depression among female Syrian refugees and Jordanians with chronic disease living in Amman. A total of 272 female Syrian refugees and Jordanians with chronic disease were recruited from 4 clinics across Amman from June to August 2017. We compared demographic and health characteristics and depression level and identified predictors of depression via multivariable ordinal regression. Moderate to high levels of depression were reported in 55.9% of the participants, with a prevalence of 41.1% among Jordanians and 70.6% among Syrians. Syrians with chronic disease had 2.73 times greater odds of higher levels of depression than their Jordanian peers. After adjusting for age, income, spouse employment status, gastrointestinal or genitourinary disorder status, and perceived self-efficacy, Syrians were not at significantly greater odds of reporting higher levels of depression. Risk factors for higher depression levels included having an unemployed spouse, diagnosis of gastrointestinal or genitourinary disorder and low perceived self-efficacy. Depression is frequently comorbid with chronic physical conditions and has a deleterious impact on health status. Mental health interventions and chronic disease management tailored to differences among local and displaced communities may reduce disease burden and disability.

Exploring the bidirectional relationship between chronic disease and depression among female Syrian refugees and Jordanians: a qualitative analysis.

Nearly 700 000 Syrian refugees currently reside in Jordan. Chronic disease and neuropsychiatric conditions are leading contributors of morbidity among refugee and host communities. The bidirectional relationship between depression and chronic disease is not well studied among displaced Syrian or Jordanian women. This qualitative study explores the bidirectional relationship between chronic illness and comorbid depression, as well as related themes, among Jordanian and Syrian women with known chronic disease-populations that receive medical care through distinct and evolving health care structures-to assist providers and policy makers in creating culturally sensitive interventions. Forty Jordanian women and Syrian refugees with chronic disease were interviewed at four clinical settings in Amman, Jordan. Data collection occurred from June-August 2017. Content analysis was completed with Dedoose, a qualitative coding software. The majority of Syrian women endorsed a relationship between their chronic disease and depression. Some women felt too depressed to take medication for chronic conditions, while others felt depression contributed to chronic illnesses. Syrian women reported less perceived social support than Jordanian women. Although some Syrians were unable to afford medications, they reported fewer negative health care experiences than Jordanians. Both populations endorsed female-specific hardships impacting their mental health, including the demands of motherhood, household duties, and marital strife. This study explores the intersection of depression and chronic disease among Syrian and Jordanian women. By documenting stressors and experiences accessing health care, mental health and chronic disease interventions can be integrated and tailored to these populations.

Problem-Solving Skills Groups for Female Syrian Refugees in Lebanon: A Study of a Mental Health Intervention

Abstract Since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, Lebanon has witnessed an influx of over one million refugees. This has placed a serious strain on Lebanon’s mental healthcare system, creating the need for an efficient intervention for refugees. Health workers were recruited from various centres and trained to deliver a module of 12 sessions in problem-solving skills in group format. Then, they recruited female Syrian refugees and Lebanese women to form groups and deliver the intervention in the host communities. Results showed that levels of anxiety and depression, as reported by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist screening tool, seemed to decrease significantly after the intervention. An additional outcome was that most of the participants felt supported by other women. These results demonstrated that a direct and short intervention with female refugees can lead to measurable improvements in their mental1 health and was perceived by participants as highly beneficial.

Building bridges: A co-creation intervention preparatory project based on female Syrian refugees’ experiences with physical activity

Participation in sports and physical activities is perceived as a means of increasing well-being and foster social inclusion of refugees in their new host societies. However, researchers criticize the existing approaches in sports-related integration-programs for not taking into account the specific needs and interests of refugees. The purpose of this study was to investigate how female Syrian refugees in collaboration with the municipality and sport and exercise providers could tailor PA to female refugees’ wishes and needs. Based on community-based participatory research (CBPR), the study was inspired by a two-phase preparatory intervention model. The initial results indicated that the involved refugees had a broad understanding of PA, awareness of its beneficial effects, a desire to be physical active in a variety of ways and with others, and had experiences with PA from both Syria and Denmark (primarily related to daily routines, recreational activities, and activities with their families). Furthermore, an “expectation gap” between the sports/exercise providers and the refugees concurrently identified the need for preparing providers to work with refugees. Co-creation has demonstrated that collaboration between the refugees and local actors could prove a vital approach when utilizing PA in refugee groups.

From Independence to dependence: Experiences of Syrian refugees

AbstractThis paper focuses on the qualitative findings from a mixed‐methods study of the educational and employment experiences of male and female Syrian refugees who settled in Regina, Canada. Canada admitted over 40,000 Syrian refugees who settled in 350 communities across Canada, including many smaller, non‐traditional refugee‐receiving centres. This influx necessitated the expeditious development of additional services as well as a re‐allocation of local resources. Drachman's (Social Work, 37, 68, 1992) three‐phase migration framework was employed to trace the experiences of these Syrian refugees through the pre‐migration, transit and resettlement phases. The findings demonstrated that the participants perceived a shift from independence to dependence on the government as they moved through each of the successive phases of migration. While participants had constructed identities as “hard workers” back home, they found that their experiences and credentials from back home were devalued and learning English was a prerequisite for employment.

Predictors of Contraception Use Among Syrian Refugees in Lebanon: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study.

The aim of this study is to explore the factors that could predict contraceptive use. This will help develop interventions to increase the use of family planning methods among Syrian refugees. We conducted a cross sectional survey on a random sample of male and female Syrian refugees residing in Lebanon. Data collection took place between September 2016 and February 2017 collected from 5 districts: Bekaa, Beirut and Mount Lebanon, North, and South Lebanon. Seven hundred and ninety-five Syrian refugees (males and females) were recruited from health care centers in areas with greatest concentration of Syrian refugees. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0. Student t test was used for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables along with logistic regression models. Statistical significance was achieved at p-value < 0.05. Around 40% of the Syrian refugees currently use contraceptives. After adjusting for covariates, factors associated with use of contraceptives were discussing contraception use with a health care practitioner, originating from Damascus, planning for the desired number of children, and receiving any form of external assistance. On the other hand, factors associated with lack of use of contraceptives were residing in South Lebanon or Bekaa and living in unfinished buildings, work sites, or unused garage, with two or less rooms. Contraception use among Syrian refugees in Lebanon is multifactorial with some factors being modifiable. Efforts should be made to educate and motivate health care practitioners to discuss contraceptive use with refugees for optimal public health outcomes that would protect women from the risks of unintended pregnancies.

Reproductive Health Experiences of Syrian Refugees Residing in Jordan

Background & aim: In 2016, 28% of Syrian women residing in Amman experienced at least one unplanned pregnancy, and 17% did not access antenatal care for pregnancy. This study aimed to elucidate the imminent need for greater accessibility to comprehensive sexual and reproductive healthcare among Syrian refuges residing in Jordan. Methods: This ethnographic case study was conducted in 2017 in order to understand the reproductive health experiences of 21 male and female Syrian refugees residing in Amman. Participants were selected based on purposive sampling. Study interviews examined the experiences of participants regarding their pregnancy outcomes, influencing factors for their reproductive decisions, and gaps in sexual and reproductive healthcare in Amman. Results: Participants indicated great SRH need specifically related to the education on contraceptive methods. Participants confirmed that reproductive health services in Syria were more accessible, affordable, and comprehensive compared to health services in Jordan. The greatest contributors to gaps in care for participants were financial constraints and apathy regarding refugee welfare among providers in Jordanian public facilities. All study participants placed great value on family and reproduction. The most commonly used methods of contraception among participants were the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and coitus interruptus. Over 75% of participants began trying to conceive right after marriage. Conclusion: Increases in access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive healthcare among refugees in low-resource, humanitarian settings is a healthcare priority. The findings can influence the policies affecting family planning and reproductive health mechanisms provided for migrants in Jordan in both public and private hospitals.

Level of Awareness Regarding Cervical Cancer Among Female Syrian Refugees in Greece.

Nowadays, prevention, control and treatment of cervical cancer are a worldwide public health priority. Primary objective of this study was to evaluate the level of awareness of female Syrian refugees who have recently settled in Greece regarding the warning signs and the risk factors of cervical cancer. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study that was conducted in two facilities of the Hellenic Red Cross. The Cervical Cancer Awareness Measure questionnaire was addressed to 176 female Syrian refugees, aged between 18 and 50. Syrian women presented low awareness both for risk factors and warning signs. The most frequently identified warning signs were vaginal bleeding after menopause (44.3%), vaginal bleeding between menstruation (34.1%) and unexplained weight loss (32.4%). Regarding the risk factors' recognition rates, 74.5% considered the existence of many sexual partners as a risk factor and 61.3% the existence of a sexual partner with many previous sexual partners. Older age, a higher level of education and confidence that any potential symptom would be identified were associated with increased awareness. Our findings confirm former published reports that indicate poor awareness regarding cervical cancer among refugee populations. Full compliance with the guidelines of the World Health Organization for a national cervical cancer screening programme is highly advised in Greece and should address the needs of both native and refugee populations. This research is the first one that underlines the need for raising awareness of cervical cancer among female Syrian refugees in Greece by developing health promotion strategies adjusted to their unique cultural needs.

Syrian female war refugees: preliminary fibromyalgia and insomnia screening and treatment trends

Background Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disorder characterised by chronic widespread pain, fatigue and sleep disturbances with higher prevalence in females. Psychological factors contribute largely to FM. Although women war refugees represent a fragile population that is prone to psychological distress, FM was not studied in this population. Objective The current study had three objectives: (1) to screen FM and insomnia prevalence and severity, (2) to study the correlation between FM severity and insomnia and (3) to study FM treatment trends and their concordance with the guidelines among female Syrian refugees residing in Jordan. Methods A cross-sectional study design was performed. Data from 384 Syrian female were analysed from four medical centres in Jordan. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) was used to study FM prevalence. Structured questions were designed to explore FM pharmacotherapeutic trend, and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used to screen insomnia. Results The prevalence of severe FM was about (30%), with a significant correlation with insomnia. Acetaminophen was used for FM relief in 60% of the study sample. Conclusions Fibromyalgia prevalence is high among female refugees and is associated with insomnia. The treatment is suboptimal. The early screening and raising awareness of FM diagnosis and treatments are highly recommended. Key Points Fibromyalgia is an overlooked disorder especially among female war refugees The prevalence of severe fibromyalgia was about (30%), with a significant correlation with insomnia Fibromyalgia among the Syrian female refugees is mistreated perhaps due to lack of the proper diagnosis

Female Refugees’ Perception of Children Education at Za’atari Camp-Jordan

This qualitative phenomenological study examined thirty female Syrian refugees’ perceptions of their children education at the Za’atari Refugee Camp in Jordan. Interpretive Phenomenological Analytic (IPA) was employed to analyze the data collected through in-depth interviews. Findings demonstrated the refugees’ high regard for education and their aspirations for a brighter future for their children. Results also highlighted the challenges refugees face at the camp, which impede their children education and prevent the majority of them from attending schools. The research findings contribute to a better understanding of the refugees’ experiences and challenges.