Abstract The Neotropical ant-parasitic genus Neodohrniphora Malloch is revised based on female specimens. Herein, eleven species are studied, seven of which are new to science: N. canina sp. nov., N. gigantea sp. nov., N. mokana sp. nov., N. pseudoacromyrmecis sp. nov., N. queirozi sp. nov., N. rapunzelae sp. nov., and N. truncata sp. nov. Neodohrniphora wasmanni Borgmeier is revalidated and two new synonymies are proposed: N. similis Prado is synonymized with N. acromyrmecis Borgmeier, and N. unichaeta Disney is synonymized with N. wasmanni Borgmeier. In order to provide stability and a necessary standard for comparison, a neotype for N. cognata Prado is designated based on material collected from the same type locality, data, and collector as the now lost or destroyed holotype. A new key for all the females of Neodohrniphora, new host records, and details of ovipositor morphology are provided.