Female Row Research Articles

Profil Antropometri Atlet Elit Dayung Puteri Indonesia

Rowing athletes' anthropometry is one of the factors that influences performance in rowing. The aim of this research is to determine the anthropometric profile of Indonesian women's rowing athletes in the 2023 rowing numbers. The research method used in this research is a descriptive method. The instruments used are anthropometric tests using a height measuring device (microtoise), a weight measuring device (digital scales with an accuracy of 0.1 kg), and a skinfold caliper. The sample in this study was 4 Indonesian female rowing elite athletes in 2023. The sampling technique uses total sampling. The results of the research show that the average height of Indonesian elite female rowing athletes in 2023 in rowing is 171.8 cm, the average body weight is 63 kg, and the average body mass index is 21.32 kg/m2. The Body Mass Index (BMI) of Indonesia's elite female rowing athletes in 2023 rowing numbers are all in the normal category. The body fat percentage of one elite Indonesian female rowing athlete in 2023 rowing numbers is in the ideal category and three athletes are in the excessive category. It is hoped that the results of this research can be a reflection for both coaches and athletes in efforts to improve the performance of female rowing athletes in accordance with the expected targets.

Total And Regional Body Composition Of NCAA Collegiate Female Rowing Athletes

Total And Regional Body Composition Of NCAA Collegiate Female Rowing Athletes

Total and Regional Body Composition of NCAA Collegiate Female Rowing Athletes.

This study explored body composition in female NCAA Division I rowers compared to controls; and the effect of season, boat category, and oar side on body composition. This retrospective analysis of 91 rowers, and 173 age, sex, and BMI-matched controls examined total and regional fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), percent body fat (%BF), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Two-sample t-testing was used to assess differences between rowers and controls. Repeated measures ANOVA analyzed differences across seasons. ANOVA analyzed differences between boat categories. Paired t-testing analyzed oar side versus non-oar side. Rowers had greater height (174.2; 164.1 cm), weight (75.2; 62.6 kg), LM (51.97; 41.12 kg), FM (20.74; 19.34 kg), BMC (2.82; 2.37 kg), and BMD (1.24; 1.14 g/cm2); but lower %BF (30.5%; 27.1%), and VAT (168.1; 105.0 g) than controls (p<0.05). Total, arm, and trunk muscle-to-bone ratio were greater in rowers (p<0.001). Rowers demonstrated greater arm LM (5.8 kg; 5.6 kg) and BMC (0.37 kg; 0.36 kg) in Spring compared to Fall (p<0.05). 1V8 rowers had a lower %BF than non-scoring rowers (25.7%; 29.0%; p=0.025). No differences observed between oar sides. These findings will help rowing personnel better understand body composition of female collegiate rowers.

Morphological and hand grip strength characteristics and differences between participants of the 2022 world rowing championship.

Rowing is a strength endurance type of sport, and morphology and mass are undoubtedly performance-related factors. Precisely identifying these morphological factors associated with performance, can assist the exercise scientists and coaches in selecting and developing talented athletes. There is however, a lack of anthropometric data collected at either World Championship or Olympic Games level. The aims of this study were to describe and compare the morphology and basic strength characteristic of male and female heavyweight and lightweight rowers competing at 2022 World Championship (18.-25. September, Račice, Czech Republic). A total of 68 athletes (of 46 male competitors: 15 competed in the lightweight category and 31 in the heavyweight category; of 22 female athletes: 6 competed in the lightweight category and 16 in the heavyweight category) were assessed using anthropometric methods, bioimpedance analysis and performed a hand-grip test. Between heavyweight and lightweight male rowers there were a statistically and practically significant differences in all monitored aspects except the sport age, sitting height/body height ratio and arm span/body height ratio. Between heavyweight and lightweight female rowers there were also statistically and practically significant differences in all monitored aspects except the identical indicators as in male. Within this research it can be argued that female rowers are in many anthropometric aspects more similar to their male counterparts than to female rowers in the lightweight category. In some anthropometric aspects (BMI, thigh girth, calf girth), female rowers are even more similar to male heavyweight than to male lightweight rowers. The physical characteristics of elite male and female lightweight rowers differ radically from those of heavyweight. From a practical point of view, this research can be used to determine what type of athletes should be recruited or selected for heavy category and what type for lightweight category in male and female rowing based on the somatotype.

Beyond the medals: a cross-sectional study exploring retired elite female athletes’ health

ObjectivesLittle is known about the impact of elite sport participation on long-term athlete health. We aimed to: (1) describe musculoskeletal, mental health, reproductive/endocrine and cardiovascular characteristics in retired elite female...

SINHAS-1 Maize Seed Production Through Male-Female Ratio and Pruning Technique

The research was aimed to obtain male and female rows ratio and best pruning technique towards SINHAS 1 maize production. This research was conducted in Experimental Farm Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea District, Makassar, South Sulawesi with elevation of 22,4 meters above the sea level throughout May – August 2020. The experiment was carried out in the form of Split Plot Design with male-female row ratio as main plot, which consisted of three levels: 1:2 ratio, 1:3 ratio, and 1:4 ratio. Sub plot was pruning techniques: no pruning, male parent pruning and leaf pruning under the cob of female parent. The result showed that the favorable male-female row ratio towards SINHAS 1 maize production was 1:4 ratio. Male parent pruning was the best pruning technique for SINHAS 1 maize production. The interaction between male-female ratio and best pruning technique was 1:3 male-female ratio with male parent pruning technique. Characters that showed positively direct significance towards productivity were cob diameter, cob length, and number of seed rows per cob

Stratification of athletes’ gut microbiota: the multifaceted hubs associated with dietary factors, physical characteristics and performance

ABSTRACT Gut microbial communities of athletes differ from that of sedentary persons in both diversity and the presence of certain taxa. However, it is unclear to what degree elite athletes and non-elite athletes harbor different gut microbial community patterns and if we can effectively monitor the potential of athletes based on microbiota. A team of professional female rowing athletes in China was recruited and 306 fecal samples were collected from 19 individuals, which were separated into three cohorts: adult elite athlete’s (AE), youth elite athlete’s (YE), and youth non-elite athlete’s (YN). The differences in gut microbiome among different cohorts were compared, and their associations with dietary factors, physical characteristics, and athletic performance were investigated. The microbial diversities of elite athletes were higher than those of youth non-elite athletes. The taxonomical, functional, and phenotypic compositions of AE, YE and YN were significantly different. Additionally, three enterotypes with clear separation were identified in athlete’s fecal samples, with majority of elite athletes stratified into enterotype 3. And this enterotype-dependent gut microbiome is strongly associated with athlete performances. These differences in athlete gut microbiota lead to establishment of a random forest classifier based on taxonomical and functional biomarkers, capable of differentiating elite athletes and non-elite athletes with high accuracy. Finally, these versatilities of athlete microbial communities of athletes were found to be associated with dietary factors and physical characteristics, which can in concert explain 41% of the variability in gut microbiome.

Home Advantage: The 1960 European Women’s Rowing Championships at Willesden

In 1960, Britain hosted the European Women’s Rowing Championships at the Welsh Harp reservoir in Willesden, London: it was a milestone in the history of British rowing. The significance of this event to male and female amateur rowing communities in Britain at the time – communities that were still administratively independent in 1960 – is considered here using documentary and oral history sources. ‘Home advantage’ here refers to the immediate and underlying advantages of a home Championship to athletes and administrators in Britain, and not to the competitive outcome; indeed, the British women’s team performance was unremarkable. The different objectives of the Amateur Rowing Association (ARA), the Women’s Amateur Rowing Association (WARA) and individual British athletes, and the extent to which these were realized through the hosting of the event are explored. Analysis addresses the intersection of gender and sport in sporting administration, the impact of sporting opportunities on individual athletes, and the interaction of individual narrative accounts with the written record. It is argued that, with this historic home Championship serving multiple purposes, the advantages it afforded were experienced unevenly by different elements of the British rowing community, and that the methodological approach deployed is essential in showing this.

Indonesian Women’s Rowing from 1986 to 2018: A historical, Social, and Cultural Perspective

In 1954, the International Federation of Societes d'Aviron (FISA) organized the first European women's rowing championship in Macon, France. Female rowing athletes around the world had actively participated for years, competing not only in local and national competitions, but also in international level. Apart from the historical evidence that women could indeed compete at the international level, the FISA delegation found it more appropriate to limit women's international participation by shortening the distance of women's competitions to half of male athletes and limiting the number and the type of race. Although women's international athletes were limited, the introduction of women's races at European championships created opportunities for female athletes to show their abilities to the public while challenging social and historical discourse about Indonesian women's participation in rowing. Eversince this first race, female athletes and coaches had a desire to achieve gender equality in sports that are usually associated with men and masculinity. In 2003, their efforts culminated with the acceptance of women at European Championships, World Championships, and the Olympics, the change in the distance of women's rowing from 1,000 meters to 2,000 meters, and the introduction of women's lightweight class at World Championships and the Olympics. This study examined the complex negotiations that had taken place since 1986 when Indonesian women's first rowing participated in the 1986 Asian Games until 2018 through collecting data from archival material and in-depth interviews, with current and previous athletes and coaches, to document and to examine the history of Indonesian women's involvement in rowing sports between 1987 and 2018.

Relationship Between Strength and Conditioning Assessments and Rowing Performance in Female Collegiate Athletes.

Folk, AL, Garcia, CA, Whitney, SH, and Kovacs, SJ. Relationship between strength and conditioning assessments and rowing performance in female collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1618-1621, 2022-The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between strength and conditioning variables and rowing performance, as measured by a 2000 m ergometer time, in female collegiate rowers. Twenty-four female collegiate rowers qualified for this study by completing both types of assessments and a demographic questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were used to determine the association between the total 2000 m ergometer time and each strength and conditioning assessment. The assessments included a 1 repetition maximum (1RM) squat and a 1RM hang clean. After this, all significant correlations were placed in a stepwise linear regression analysis to predict the total 2000 m ergometer time. The 1RM squat and 1RM hang clean correlated with 2000 m ergometer performance (p = 0.034 and p = 0.002, respectively). Only the 1RM squat emerged as a predictor of 2000 m ergometer performance. This study highlights that the 1RM squat may be a way to predict rowing performance and build successful female collegiate rowing teams.

Etes-vous pret? Partez! – The Late Start of Women Rowers

Abstract The aim of our study is to show the development of women's rowing and competition, as well as the reasons for its slow spread, taking into account the so called decisive era, the social environment, which, although in various ways, has greatly influenced it all over the world. One of the major research methods for collecting data was document analysis: we used the volumes of Gusztáv Götz's legacy1found in the sports history collection of the Hungarian Rowing Federation, whose spirit we also tried to preserve. In these volumes we found and analysed congressional reports, resolutions made by the national rowing federations, professional articles on rowing and papers on sports medicine. In addition, we studied the relevant literature, namely, studies dealing with the era from sociological, sports sociological and sports historical perspectives. Moreover, via membership in the Traditionalist Committee of the Hungarian Rowing Federation we had the opportunity to meet the great Hungarian female rowing champions of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, and we prepared structured in-depth interviews with them. Meeting most often with Anna Domonkos1, Ágnes Bán1, Zsuzsanna Rakitay1. The results show that the international rowing society was divided, the social and medical discourse differed from each other in the assessment of women's sports, sports historical traditions varied country by country and international sports politics also played a decisive role in the delay. With the results, our paper is intended to give a more thorough picture of the reasons why women's competition in rowing has expanded so slowly than the previous analyses did.

Differences among Elite Female Rowers Regarding Carbohydrate Consumption at Rest

Backround: The objective of this study was interpreting the reported differences within carbohydrate consumption at rest, in female rowing groups. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study, on a group of elite rowing athletes, monitoring carbohydrate consumption at rest. 34 subjects, divided in 3 groups of activities (senior, youth, junior) took part in this study being monitored through Cosmed Quark CPET device. Results: The average amount of carbohydrates consumed at rest among the group of seniors was 263.6 grams/day, representing 1080.76 kcal. Youth group has reached an average of 248 grams/day, representing 1016.8 kcal., whereas the junior group has reached high average consumption of carbohydrates, 359 grams/day, equivalent to 1417.9 kcal/day. Noticeable differences among the average value was recorded between G3-G1, G3-G2 groups while the most significant differences were seen between G1-G3, and G2-G3 groups of athletes. Conclusion: The results of this study show a lack of adaptation among athletes in exercise performed with a monitored increased carbohydrate consumption at rest, and a low lipid consumption. At the same time, increased preponderance of carbohydrates at rest can negatively affect the activity of recovery, in terms of energy and nutritional needs by initiating the specific effort with an advanced stage of fatigue dictated by time spent in anaerobic effort indicated by the energy consumption of the monitored athletes.

Standardisation of hybrid seed production technology of first Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) hybrid NRCHB 506

Field experiments were conducted in 2009–10 and 2010–11 to standardise the sowing time and planting ratio of the parental lines of the recently released Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. &amp; Coss) hybrid NRCHB 506. The results indicated that the optimum sowing time of parental lines of NRCHB 506 is the third week of October to achieve higher yield of good quality hybrid seed. Optimum planting ratio of female to male parental line for hybrid seed production was 8:2. Further increase in number of female rows per male row decreased the plant and plot yield of the hybrid seed production plot. The results pertaining to flowering phenology and characters, seed yield and its attributing traits indicated that delay in sowing beyond October reduces the value of those characters significantly leading to decline in seed yield from seed parent. The primary factor responsible for the reduction of values in the late sowing was the higher temperature during reproductive and seed feeling stage. Sowing in October and growing of plants in relatively high temperature extended the vegetative phase, i e delayed the flowering by four days as compared to that in November sowing which experienced a lower temperature during early growth stage. Delay in sowing reduced the flowering duration which had a direct impact on the number of flowers, siliqua set, seeds/siliqua and finally seed yield/plant.

Male to female row ratio and fungicide application during panicle development to control sorghum ergot in the Mexican Highlands

The effect of male to female row ratios and fungicide application at several panicle development stages to control sorghum ergot, under field conditions and natural infection was studied at Texcoco, State of Mexico. A pair of isogenic sorghum lines (A9/B9) was sown in May 3 and June 10, 2005; and in April 3, 2006. Two male to female row ratios (M:F = 2:4, 2:6) were used in 2005, and 2:8 and 2:12 in 2006. Propiconazole (Tilt®) was sprayed on the female rows at a rate of 250 g a.i. ha−1 from panicle emergence to the end of flowering, with one, two and three applications. Pollen viability was quantified in the B9-line. Seed yield per hectare, seed production per panicle, disease incidence and severity, number of sclerotia per panicle, seeds contaminated by honeydew per panicle, and seed germination were registered in the A9-line. Pollen viability varied from 76 to 89 % among sowing dates despite the fact that at microsporogenesis, mean minimum temperature was below 9.2 °C. Fungicide application accounted for 49 % of the observed variance. The greatest seed yield (2,358 kg ha−1) was obtained in 2006, which surpassed by 195 kg ha−1 the mean value of the dates sown in 2005. Disease incidence and severity were significantly greater in the 2006 trial than at both planting dates in 2005. In contrast, sowing dates showed small differences in seed production per panicle and seed germination. Fungicide treatment with three applications produced a better ergot control than treatments with one or two applications.

Bilateral rectus femoris intramuscular haematoma following simultaneous quadriceps strain in an athlete: a case report.

IntroductionBilateral rectus femoris haematoma following a simultaneous strain of the quadriceps muscles is a very rare condition.Case presentationWe report the case of a 21-year-old Greek Caucasian female rowing athlete who was injured on both thighs. She complained of pain and inability to walk. Physical examination revealed tenderness over the thighs and restriction of knee movement. The result of a roentgenogram was normal, and there was no evidence of fracture or patella displacement. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed haematoma formation in both the rectus femoris muscles. The diameters of the left and right haematomas within the muscles were 6 cm and 5 cm, respectively. Therapeutic approaches included compression bandages, ice application, rest, elevation, and administration of muscle relaxant drugs. Active stretching and isometric exercises were performed after three days. The patient was able to walk using crutches two days after the initiation of treatment. On the seventh day, she had regained her full ability to walk without crutches. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were administered on the fifth day and continued for one week. Six weeks later, she had pain-free function and the result of magnetic resonance imaging was normal. She was able to resume her training programme and two weeks later, she returned to her previous sport activities and competitions.ConclusionThere are references in the literature regarding the occurrence of unilateral quadriceps haematomas following strain and bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture in athletes. Simultaneous bilateral rectus femoris haematomas after a muscle strain is a rare condition. It must be diagnosed early. The three phases of treatment are rest, knee mobilization, and restoration of quadriceps function.

Development of new cytoplasmic-genetic male-sterile lines in pigeonpea from crosses betweenCajanus cajan (L. Millsp. andC. scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars

Exploitation of hybrid vigour is quite possible in cross-pollinated crops. However, pigeonpea is a grain legume crop with a moderate level of cross-pollination (20-70%), which is mainly aided by insect pollinators. As a first step, hybrids based on genetic male sterility (GMS) were developed in pigeonpea, but the hybrid seed production technique is not farmer-friendly, because in the hybrid seed production plot 50% of the population, which are male-fertile in the female rows, have to be eliminated in time before contamination. This requires skilled labour and is a time-consuming process, which increases the cost of hybrid seed production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop cytoplasmic-genetic male-sterile (CGMS) lines in pigeonpea through wide hybridization, which would be very suitable for hybrid seed production. Two CGMS lines, viz. CORG 990052 A and CORG 990047, were developed by interspecific hybridization of Cajanus cajan and C. scarabaeoides. Restorers were identified and three CGMS-based pigeonpea hybrids were developed. The hybrid COPH 3 is found to be promising in Tamil Nadu State, India.

Selling behavior of cytoplasmic male sterile barley in Norway and the United States*

This research is needed to determine if adequate sterility can be maintained in cytoplasmic male sterile stocks used for the female parent of hybrid barley. We investigated the effect of environment, number of back-crosses, cultivars and cytoplasmic background on seed set under bags in Norway and the United States, at 61o N and 46o N latitude, respectively. Cultivars studied were all adapted to the northern plains of the U.S. These 12 cultivars as recurrent parents were backcrossed to the msml and msml cytoplasm and the recessive restorers from Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum (C. Koch) Thellung. The maintenance of sterility in the msm rfmrfrn genotype decreases with additional number of backcrosses to the recurrent parent, and with cultivars originating from below 50o N latitude. Apparently, photoperiod influences maintenance of cytoplasmic male sterility since the sterility is more difficult to maintain at Bozeman which has shorter days. Maintenance of sterility was not as good in the greenhouse as in the field at As. It is more difficult to maintain sterility in the msml than the msml cytoplasm. For the production of the female row for hybrid barley it would be better to utilize the msml cytoplasm and backcross to cultivars which originate from above 50o N latitude. Numerous additive genes are probably responsible for the maintenance of sterility in the cytoplasmic male sterile stocks.

Influence of Plant Severing on Movement of &lt;I&gt;Ostrinia nubilalis&lt;/I&gt; Larvae in &lt;I&gt;Zea mays&lt;/I&gt; Hybrid Seed Production Fields

Genetically engineered corn hybrids that contain a cry gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) are gaining popularity for controlling the corn pest Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). Continuous use of Bt corn, however, could select for O. nubilalis that are resistant to this corn. Monitoring for insect resistance is important, because it could help maintain the Bt technology. A possible monitoring method is to collect larval insects in commercial drying bins after harvest from Bt seed production fields. A drawback to this method is that these collections may be contaminated by insects that moved as later instars from severed non-Bt male rows into the adjacent Bt female rows. These larvae have little to no exposure to Bt toxin, resulting in possible "false positives." The objectives of this study were to first find which combination of planting and severing dates produces the least number of larvae that move from non-Bt male plants to Bt female plants and to assess O. nubilalis larval movement from severed non-Bt male rows to Bt female rows. Field studies in 2002 and 2003 were designed to simulate a hybrid seed production field. Results suggest that movement of O. nubilalis larvae from male corn is minimized when corn is planted early and male plants are severed by 2 wk post-anthesis. This reduces the likelihood of false positives by reducing the number of susceptible larvae moving between Bt and non-Bt plants. Also, larvae moved to all four female rows that were adjacent to the severed rows, but there were significantly more larvae found in the closest row compared with the other three. These results could be used to develop a monitoring program to find O. nubilalis larvae with resistance to Bt corn in field populations of O. nubilalis.

Managing Reproductive Isolation in Hybrid Seed Corn Production

Production of hybrid corn (Zea maysL) depends on cross‐pollination between male and female inbred parents. As such, reproductive isolation of seed fields is required to ensure genetic purity of the hybrid progeny. Customer demand for improved genetic purity prompted the seed industry to examine the level of genetic purity resulting from current isolation practices. A 3‐yr study was conducted to monitor purity of hybrid seed produced in 315 fields from 24 seed companies in North America. Each field was near a commercial corn field shedding pollen synchronously with the seed parent: a worse case scenario. Seed samples were collected at five locations along a 200‐m transect established perpendicular to the nearest potential adventitious pollen source, and 100 seed from each location were subjected to isozyme analysis to determine percent out‐crossing. Isolation distance, seed field size, field block size, number of border rows, adventitious field size, male:female row ratio, male population, and male pollen class were analyzed as continuous predictors and as variable class predictors of out‐crossing at the field margins and field midpoints. Year had a significant (p≤ 0.05) impact on observed out‐crossing. Isolation distance, border rows, and male pollen class were significant predictors of out‐crossing at the field margin but not at the field midpoint. A significant interaction between isolation distance and border rows was observed at both the field margin and midpoint. There also was an interaction between male:female ratio and male pollen class on out‐crossing at the field margin. These results indicate that current practices used to isolate hybrid seed fields often achieve the goal of producing ≥99% genetically pure seed, but much higher levels of out‐crossing can and do occur. Because out‐crossing generally was greater and more variable at the field margins than at the field midpoint, adjustments to field management that focus on minimizing out‐crossing at the field margins should lead to consistently high levels of genetic purity from hybrid seed fields.

Green Peach Aphid Control on Seed Broccoli, 1992

Abstract Four insecticide treatments were applied to broccoli seed on 13 Mar with a backpack CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 15.8 gal/acre at 28 psi with two T-Jet 23 disc cones and D2 orifice discs. One qt/acre of Vegetable Oil Concentrate was added to all numbered compounds. Treatments were made to both male and female plants at different stages of development interplanted by row. Female rows were just beginning to flower while male rows were several weeks advanced. Plots were 55 ft long by two 3.5 ft rows wide. Experimental design was randomized complete block, and treatments for male plants were replicated 4 times and those for females were replicated thrice. Plots were sampled 5, 11, 17 and 26 DAT. Samples consisted of hitting the upper parts of three plants/plot and collecting the aphids that landed in a 6 inch wide x 7 inch deep metal can that was placed under-beside the plant. Aphids were transferred to styrofoam containers, frozen and counted. Heavy rains on 26 Mar reduced aphid populations in plots. Sampling was discontinued after 8 Apr due to high temperatures which eliminated aphid populations. Plants were cut when seed was mature and allowed to air dry. Plants from individual plots were collected by hand, placed in large plastic sacks, and seed was obtained, cleaned, weighed and sorted by size.