Female Psychology Research Articles

The impact of the COVID-19 on women employment: evidence from labour market in China

Worldwide, women already face gender discrimination in the labour market. And the outbreak of COVID-19 in late 2019 further exacerbated the situation. Emerging evidences and related studies have shown that the shock of COVID-19 has compounded vulnerabilities faced by women in employment, further marginalizing them in the labour market. In view of women employment issue under the epidemic, this paper analyzes the negative impact of COVID-19 on women employment in the labour market of China from three levels: the perspective of government, enterprises, and individuals. The study suggests that the family burden of women and unpaid work hours has increased during the pandemic. And such negative impact was amplified by factors such as the lack of relative employment security, gender discrimination and, female psychology. This will not only exerts a negative effect on female laborers but also on the society, hindering social development and economic recovery in the long run. The government should play an vital role and take effective actions to improve the situation.

Uma Maheshwari's 'Marappachi' Evokes Female Psychology

In ancient times, there has never been a situation such as domination by a man over a woman or vice versa, rather they worked together, and ate together. Women’s puberty and family life were significantly highlighted. During the ages of ethnic groups, women played a lead role. Once the land-based society has evolved, the patriarchy, rights in the property, motherhood, childcare, growing a child, household chores, housekeeping, and domestic duties came into the picture and were assigned to women. Feminism has roots over thousands of years but later on, it was surrendered to patriarchy. Women have to fight for their rights and with that, the years passed on. It has a huge impact on her mental strength, and she was resisted for her every work and every word. Hence, the literature “Marappachi” was taken to research women’s psychology.

Book Review: Female Psychology: An Annotated Psychoanalytic Bibliography; Schuker, E., Levinson, N.A., Eds.; Routledge: England, UK, 2017; ISBN 978-1-138-87226-4

Rarely is a book published with a specific focus on ‘Female Psychology’—one of the three branches of the ‘Psychology of Women’ field of study. It is more common to see texts that focus on ‘Feminine Psychology’, and arguably the greatest number of texts in this area are in fact dedicated to ‘Feminist Psychology’. This makes the annotated psychoanalytic bibliography, edited by Eleanor Schuker and Nadine A. Levinson a rare, but important resource. This book review assesses the re-printed text for its content and novel contribution to the field, but does so framing it in the wider context of studies into the Psychology of Women, the changing times, and the current landscape of similar research. Furthermore, this review frames the text in a wider psycho-socio-cultural academic debate about the similarities, differences, and conceptual meanings of the three (distinct) branches of: Feminist, Feminine, and Female Psychology; concluding the difference in origin of these schools of thought has allowed for their individualization and continued utility as separate areas of study into the Psychology of Women.

When fertile, women seek status via prestige but not dominance

Biological predictors of human dominance are hotly contested, with far-reaching implications for psychological sex differences and the placement of men and women in the social hierarchy. Most investigations have focused on dominance in men and testosterone, with diminished attention paid to dominance in women and other biological mechanisms. Investigating biological influences on other routes to status attainment popular among women-such as via prestige in addition to dominance-have also been neglected. Here, I examined whether status seeking via prestige and via dominance covaried with fertility probability in a citizen science project spanning 14 countries and 4 world regions. Across 4,179 observations, participants tracked their menstrual cycle characteristics, motivation for prestige and dominance, dominance contest outcomes, and three domains of self-esteem. Self-esteem is predicted by status within a group and helps individuals navigate social hierarchies. Bayesian mixed models controlling for menstruation indicated that the motivation to obtain status via prestige but not dominance peaked when conception was most likely, as did dominance contest losses and two self-esteem domains. Fertility appears to reorient female psychology toward prestige-based strategies to success, enhancing women's desire for social capital through influence and admiration but not through fear, coercion, or intimidation. These insights fundamentally advance the understanding of the biological correlates of status seeking among women. They further suggest that fertility motivates not only mating competition but gaining rank and positive regard in social hierarchies.

A Study on the "Classical History" of Female Psychology

A Study on the "Classical History" of Female Psychology

FEMALE RECEPTION OF PRISON EXPERIENCE (A CASE STUDY: THE NOVEL "ROSES BEHIND THE BARS. CONFESSION ABOUT THE WOMEN'S PRISON" BY IRYNA AHAPIEIEVA)

A prison issue within literary female reception is exotic for Ukrainian literature. Therefore, the novel "Roses behind the Bars. Confession of a women's prison" by Iryna Ahapieieva is a conceptually new artistic and receptive model of prison experience. The author chooses the art form that we have seen in the texts of Ukrainian modernists before, such as confession (thought, appeal, stream of consciousness). But we have exclusively female space manifested by the specifics of the female body, female psychology and female language.
 In the study under analysis the main ideas will focus on two key discourses: "prison" and "prison – female corporality". In both cases the article will deal with a traumatic experience of imprisonment directly or indirectly marked by the human body.
 From the novel we learn that, on the one hand, the Ukrainian prison operates on the principles of other European penal institutions. It is hierarchical and is based on what the French thinker Michel Foucault calls the "art of distribution". Its basic principles are secrecy, discipline, controlled activity, order and so on. On the other hand, the Ukrainian prison built on the principle that remains a mystery to the main character. It is the principle of body torture that is not standardized but serves as a prison reality by default.
 In the novel the prison appears as a monstrous metaphor for the world that has not lost its sadistic desire to punish mainly the human body. However, the novel by Iryna Ahapieieva is a text not only about prison but also about a trauma. That’s why one sees a post-traumatic letter letting the author reflect on / recollect (textualize) the trauma thus getting rid of it.

’It’s not just a man’s world’ – Helping female sport psychologists to thrive, not just survive: Lessons for supervisors, trainees, practitioners and mentors

In the following article, we present composite narratives of female sport and exercise psychologists’ (SEPs) reflections on working as practitioners in situations where they have faced sexism and a culture of toxic masculinity. We discuss the impact, both professionally and personally, of these experiences and look at what lessons can be learned from the sharing of these narratives. We conclude by offering our thoughts on how these negative shared experiences can be used in a positive way to inform culture change, educate supervisors of the challenges and be woven into supervision so that female practitioners feel empowered and supported.

빨간 구두의 굴레와 여성주의적 재해석

It is already known that Hans Christian Andersen attempts to curb the womanly vanity for the red shoes by Protestant belief and Victorian social convention. The girl in his Red Shoes who covets the shoes is forced to dance forever and, in order to stop it, has to mutilate her feet. In the Victorian patriarchal society, the womanly duty to work for family strongly suppressed female desire for play, artistic expression, occupation. The so-called Red Shoes syndrome refers to the female psychology and behavior which represents that women take as their own the supposedly feminine vanity and vice, and thus internalize the guilty feeling and the resultant fear. When contemporary feminist writers addressed this syndrome, however, they had to radically revise it. This essay explores the prototype of the Red Shoes syndrome by Andersen and the reinterpretation of it by Margaret Atwood in her Lady Oracle. Aspects of the syndrome in Andersen and strategies to survive it in Atwood deserve a careful analysis. The feminist writers try to demonstrate that the female artistic spirit and desire for social ascent, related to the syndrome, turn out to have been a latent but hardly suppressible characteristic of womanhood over generations.

Talking Through the Silence: How do Clinical Psychologists who Have Experienced Suicide Bereavement ‘Make Sense’ of Suicide?

There is a lack of research concerning therapists’ emotional responses to the suicide of clients and/or friends and family and yet, professionally, therapists commonly manage suicide risk of their clients and need to abide by relevant policies. Using a purposive sampling technique, twelve female clinical psychologists working in the UK were recruited via social media platforms. A qualitative method was adopted to offer an in-depth understanding into the lived experiences of losing a loved one and/or client to suicide. The semi-structured interviews took place via video-call or via telephone for up to one hour. Three themes were identified as follows: how talk is experienced as a way of making sense of suicide the messiness of being human,and an experience that helps psychologists face suicide. This study brings to light the dilemmas experienced by clinical psychologists who are both clinicians and survivors of suicide. The findings highlight the lack of conversation relating to bereavement by suicide within mental health services. This study offers insight into how clinical psychologists experience suicide bereavement, and discusses the clinical and UK policy implications.

Menstrual cycle and hormonal contraception effects on self-efficacy, assertiveness, regulatory focus, optimism, impulsiveness, and risk-taking

The Fertility-Assertiveness Hypothesis posits that women affect their environment and assert their desires more so during the fertile compared to non-fertile phase of their menstrual cycle. No research to date has examined whether this increase is evident in other psychological outcomes loosely related to assertiveness or whether it is attenuated by hormonal contraception. To address these gaps we implemented The Daily Cycle Diary, a worldwide daily diary study examining menstrual cycle and hormonal contraception induced shifts in assertiveness, self-efficacy, optimism, regulatory focus, impulsivity and risk-taking. In a fully pre-registered, quasi-experimental within-subject investigation, participants from 23 countries (939 menstrual cycles) provided daily data on their menstrual cycle characteristics and answered self-report questions on each day of their menstrual cycle. Self-efficacy robustly increased alongside fertility probability for naturally cycling women but not hormonal contraceptive users. Prevention-focus (a regulatory strategy that avoids negative outcomes) also increased with fertility probability but the effect was not robust. Menstruation was associated with lowered assertiveness as well as changes in three facets of impulsivity for all women, irrespective of contraceptive use. Exploratory plots showed that contraceptive users and naturally cycling women exhibit a variety of menstrual cycle induced psychological differences unrelated to cycling fertility. Given the prevalence of hormonal contraception use worldwide, future investigation of the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptive use on female psychology is of utmost importance.

"The Ugliness of It Seeps into Me": Experiences of Vicarious Trauma among Female Psychologists Treating Survivors of Sexual Assault.

The current study explores the lived experiences of female psychologists who provide psychological treatment to women survivors of sexual assault. These practitioners are a population of special interest due to the frequency of their exposure to narratives and graphic images of sexual trauma. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 female South African psychologists. The data, which were analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological approach, revealed experiences characteristic of vicarious traumatization. Participants reported having an enhanced sense of personal vulnerability to sexual assault and heightened awareness of the betrayals of trust that women experience from male figures, which has led to increased mistrust of men and hypervigilance regarding the safety of their daughters. Internalization of feelings of helplessness experienced by the victim evoked self-blame for practitioners and appraisals of being complicit in abuse. Practitioners also experienced survivor guilt about being spared from harm. Symptoms of intrusive re-experiencing of client trauma and cognitive and behavioral disengagement were evident. These findings have important implications for clinical practice and underscore the necessity for clinicians to cultivate an awareness of the impact of treating sexual trauma and working in ways that are self-protective.

Dual discrepancy/consistency pattern of strengths and weaknesses method of specific learning disability identification: Classification accuracy when combining clinical judgment with assessment data

The Dual Discrepancy/Consistency (DD/C) pattern of strengths and weaknesses (PSW) method is the most prominent “other alternative research-based procedure” used to identify a specific learning disability (SLD). The DD/C method is intended to be used with multiple data sources, but no research has examined identification decision making using the DD/C PSW analysis of cognitive and academic achievement test scores with other assessment data (e.g., pre-referral intervention data, parent/teacher reports, observations, evaluation of exclusionary factors). This study used an experimental vignette methodology to investigate school psychologists' (N = 343) identification decision making using the DD/C method with multiple data sources. Results showed that school psychologist participants made highly accurate (97.50%) identification decisions when both cognitive and achievement test score patterns and other assessment data were clearly indicative of SLD, but that overall identification accuracy was only 65.60%. Participants made less accurate identification decisions when examining test score data that did not meet DD/C PSW criteria for SLD than when examining test score data that did. Participants made less accurate decisions when other assessment data (interpreted in conjunction with test scores) did not meet DD/C PSW criteria for SLD or were ambiguous than when they did. In addition, male school psychologists were less likely to make accurate identification decisions than female school psychologists, and participants who were Nationally Certified School Psychologists were less likely to make accurate identification decisions than those who were not. Last, more experience with DD/C resulted in less accurate identification decisions, and participants who made accurate decisions reported higher levels of confidence, although the effect size was negligible. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Female Psychology in Kathanayagi

In recent literary genres novels has got a unique identity. Novels describes about the autobiography, historical studies, real life incidents and these are the story line of novels. Novels are written as an attempt to solve social problems and the problems faced by women. Psychology can be defined as how an individual react in the Society and not only that but also his learning ability, memory power and the loss of memory. The basic thing which is responsible for the creation of literature is human thoughts and feeling. They create literature based on their female experiences or of what they learn from circumstances and emotions play a vital role in the novels. Since the characters exhibit a volume of emotions, there is a spontaneous flow of psychological impacts. Tamil literary books and Tamil novels are the outcome of mixed human feelings in various situations. This essay is an abstract of various feeling and thoughts of human like guilty, emotions and the hidden thoughts, written by famous novelist Aandal Priyadharshini.

Análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica de las psicólogas en Perú

Gender inequality has not been oblivious to science, where the under-representation of women in the academic scope is a concern. This is a problem that requires in-depth study, especially in careers with high percentages of women such as psychology and regions such as Latin America where there is a considerable proportion of female scientific psychologists. Despite this scene, the feminine production is known to present an increase; however, it is still lower than the masculine one. This shows that women are under-represented in leadership positions, hiring and applying for grants, and financing of research projects in public health and epidemiology. Likewise, review studies on female production in psychology are scarce in Peru and Latin America. The objective of this research is to characterize the production of women researchers in psychology by type of research, area of application, leadership and subject matter. For such objectives, a total of 149 papers published by 14 women researchers recorded in Peru’s National Registry of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation (RENACYT) were analyzed. Four psychologists were excluded because they did not have their scientific production declared; in addition, repeated documents and those which did not correspond to scientific documents, such as congress summaries, papers in non-indexed journals and those excluded from any database were also excluded under the PRISMA's recommendations. The results show a greater quantity of co-authorships (60.4 %), studies with empirical designs (79.2 %), of associative objective (36.2 %), correlational strategy (21.5 %) and a greater quantity of papers in the clinical and health subfield (38.9 %) and education (38.3 %). As for the subject matter, clinical disorders (23.5 %) and cognitive processes (16.8 %) appear with greater frequency. Regarding these findings, there is scientific information evidencing that empirical designs are the most usual form of research, while the theoretical ones are the opposite; at least in Latin American. Furthermore, a ranking of the 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20 th century only includes two women: Mary Ainsworth and Anna Freud, ranked 98 th and 100 th respectively. As for the fact of finding that more than 50 % of researchers occupy the position of co-author, previous studies show similar percentages in the health field indicating an increase from 50.3 % to 55.6 % in co-authorship. Finally, there is little scientific literature about the frequent topics studied by psychologists; therefore, these results are unprecedented; however, a search in Scopus by keywords reveals that HIV is the most studied topic in Peru; a variable located in the clinical and health subfield. Likewise, another variable that appears in the search is depression, that can be included in the topic of clinical disorders. Despite these results, the study has the following limitations: firstly, feminine scientific production can be studied from diverse sources such as review of publications in a journal, presentations at a congress, production in Scopus, which can cause difficulties in contrasting results. Secondly, there are no studies on thematic analysis, which does not allow comparison with previous research and suggests taking the findings with caution because it has a more exploratory connotation, so it is recommended to continue with this type of study. In conclusion, research psychologists carry out empirical studies framed in the analysis of the relationship between variables with a lesser predominance of theoretical and manipulative, quasi-experimental or single case studies. To a greater extent, the research is clinical and based on health. The women appear as co-authors in a large percentage of studies where the most frequent subject is clinical disorder. https://doi.org/10.16888/interd.2022.39.2.13

Preliminary point prevalence of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) training in the U.S. and Canada

ABSTRACT Background Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) is recommended by psychosis treatment guidelines in the U.S. and Canada, however accessibilty has not been systematically established and little is known about trainer or training characteristics in these countries. This paper represents the first effort to estimate the population of CBTp practitioners, characterize trainer qualifications and training practices, and calculate a CBTp accessibility estimate. Methods We oversampled from a known cluster of the target population and supplemented with chain-referral sampling. Respondents completed an online survey pertaining to workforce training conducted since 2005. An accessibility estimate was calculated using published disease prevalence data and national workforce census data. Results Twenty-five CBTp trainers completed the questionnaire. Respondents were predominantly white female psychologists in hospital or academic settings. Their estimates of practitioners trained in the past 15 years yielded a point prevalence of 0.57% of the combined mental health workforce, corresponding to 11.5–22.8 CBTp-trained providers for every 10,000 people diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. Survey results showed several differences in training approaches, settings, and funders. Conclusion This preliminary study suggests that CBTp remains inaccessible across these two countries. Future studies should refine the sampling methods to provide a more robust prevalence estimate within each country.

Aptitude, efficiency and satisfaction: The careers of three pioneer female occupational psychologists

This article describes the careers of three pioneer female occupational psychologists: May Smith, Mary Boole Stott and Winifred Raphael (née Spielman). They were all born in the 19th century, graduated within the first two decades of the 20th century and began work as occupations were beginning to open up to women and there was growing interest in improving efficiency in the work place. None of them intended to embark on careers in occupational psychology – Stott remarks that there was no such thing when she graduated – but all three made substantial contributions to the field, and promoted its acceptance among employers and the wider public1.

Feasibility of a school-based mental health program implementation to improve the status of depression and quality of life of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders in urban Bangladesh: MENTHOL study.

We assessed the feasibility of implementing psychological counseling services (PCS) for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) integrated within special education settings in urban Bangladesh. In two special education schools for ASD in Dhaka City, trained female psychologists screened mothers using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). PCS was administered to all the mothers irrespective of a diagnosis of depression. Mothers with a PHQ-9 score >4 who met criteria for a major depressive episode (MDE) based on the DSM-IV Structured Interview Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) were also administered skill-building training through monthly home visits to support ASD care. The level of depression was assessed by the Depression Measurement Scale (DMS), and quality of life (QoL) was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of EQ5D5L scale before and after PCS. Among 188 mothers enrolled in the study, 81 (43%) received PCS, and 27.1% (22) had MDE. In the first month, 73 sessions were scheduled and 60 completed (85%). In the last month, 53 sessions were scheduled and 52 completed (98%). The mean DMS score decreased from 79.5 ± 23 to 60 ± 20 (p = 0.004), and DMS scores were significantly higher among mothers with MDE (97.8 ± 12.1 v. 69.9 ± 22.1; p < 0.001) compared to those without MDE (72.7 ± 22.6 v. 56.1 ± 18.1; p = 0.003). The mean VAS score improved from 70.3 ± 14.1 to 80.2 ± 13.3 (p = 0.001) between the first and the last session. Changes in DMS were negatively correlated with changes in VAS scores (β: -0.213, 95% CI 0.370 to -0.056). Within special education schools for ASD in urban Bangladesh, it was feasible to administer an integrated program of PCS for mothers of children with ASD by trained psychologists who were able to screen and intervene to reduce their level of depression and improve their quality of life.

Divismo, maturità e politica sessuale negli "Hollywood film" di Anna Magnani

In the 1950s Anna Magnani played an important role in the internationalization of European stardom, becoming the first Italian actress to win an Oscar in 1955. She was 46 years old and had reached international success at the age of 37. Related to the aesthetical concerns of Italian Neorealism, and considered a pioneer in modern representation of female psychology and desire, Magnani’s case puts into question the idea that, according to Edgar Morin, grace, beauty and youth are sine qua non conditions to become a star. Between 1955 and 1960 the actress participated in three Hollywood movies along with mentoring figures such as Tennessee Williams and producer Hal B. Wallis: The Rose Tattoo (Daniel Mann, 1955), Wild is the Wind (George Cukor, 1957) and The Fugitive Kind (Sidney Lumet, 1959). Magnani’s Hollywood films suggest a kind of tailor-made melodrama, concerned in documenting her unique performative style while Hollywood experiences a great renewal of dramatic patterns and acting models. These titles also share a common subject: a passionate mature woman in crisis who, attracted to a younger man, experiences a personal rebirth closely linked to the raise of her sexuality and desire. Through the analysis of these films and how they relate to Magnani’s stardom construction in the Italian postwar, this article investigates the role of the actress in the transit of the 1950s to the 1960s. A season of great transformations in world cinema in which Hollywood, apparently interested in documenting Magnani’s uniqueness, has probably ended up discussing some of the greatest taboos in classic movies: aging over women’s bodies, erotism between mature femininity and young masculinity, or the experience of sex and passion according to a female character who remains the subject of its own desire.

From Alexandria to Rome: Poetical Astronomy and Female Psychology

From Alexandria to Rome: Poetical Astronomy and Female Psychology

Fixed Intelligence Mindset Prospectively Predicts Students’ Self-Esteem

Abstract. Dweck’s theory posits that intelligence mindsets have significant implications in individuals’ self-esteem and previous studies have also demonstrated a consistent link between these two constructs ( Conigrave et al., 2019 ; King, 2012 ; Zhao et al., 2019 ). However, little is known about their relationship across time. Does a fixed intelligence mindset contribute to lower levels of self-esteem or the opposite is true, viewing one’s abilities as something that is incapable of improvement is merely a symptom of low self-esteem? The present study sought to answer these questions by investigating the association between fixed intelligence mindset and self-esteem across a two-year period. The final sample of the study consisted of 103 freshmen college students aged between 18 and 36 years and participants were predominantly female ( N = 91) psychology students (56%). Cross-lagged hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the relationship between fixed intelligence mindset and self-esteem might be unidirectional since Time 1 fixed intelligence mindset predicted lower levels of self-esteem at Time 2 even when initial self-esteem and self-efficacy were accounted for. In contrast, Time 1 self-esteem showed no significant associations with Time 2 fixed intelligence mindset. Although the present study offers new insight about the prospective effects of fixed intelligence mindset, results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size.